高中語法定語從句講解面

1、 The Attributive Clause定語從句 What is an attributive?(何為定語？)There is a huge cake She is a beautiful girl.用于修飾名詞、代詞的句子成分為定語。定語常由形容詞或形容詞性短語來充當(dāng)。What is an attributive clause?(何為定語從句？)在主從復(fù)合句中，用于充當(dāng)主句的定語成分(用于修飾某名詞,代詞或名詞短語)的從句，稱為定語從句(形容詞性從句)。There is a cake that is huge.She is a girl who is beautiful.He is a

2、 little boy.He is eating .He is a little boy who is eating.He is a popular singer.His song is popular among young people.He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。真正的友誼猶如健康的身體, 失去時方知其可貴。Proverbs 記住Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it

3、 is lost.He who laughs last laughs best.定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. Justin Bieber is a famous singer who sings the song Baby. 先行詞（可放入從句中充當(dāng)一定成分）定語從句（在先行詞后；從句中常缺成分）Do you know the man?He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?關(guān)系詞（引導(dǎo)定從；代替先行詞；在從句中作一定成分）I showed him the letter.I received it this morning.

4、 I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：關(guān)系代詞： that, which, who, whom, whose, 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why關(guān)系詞的選擇與先行詞的意思，及先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞譀Q定。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that 即指人又指物, 在從句中作主語或賓語。which 指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。who, whom 指人, who在從句中作主語或賓語, whom作賓語。whose既指人又指物,在從句中作定語, 表“某某的”。that, which, whom, wh

5、o在定語從句中作賓語時, 可省去。介詞+關(guān)系詞時，指物只能用which, 指人只能用whomTipswhom 指人, 在從句中作賓語，可省略。e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl is from America.I called her just now. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America. 1. that 在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物。 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 2) The

6、noodles that I cooked were delicious. 3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(主語)(賓語)(主語)(賓語)定語從句三要素：先行詞，關(guān)系詞，先行詞/關(guān)系詞 在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧Ｄ膸讉€that可省略？3、4句還可用什么關(guān)系詞？2. Which 在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。 They planted the trees which didnt need much water. 2) Th

7、e fish which we bought were not fresh. 3. who, whom 在從句中分別作主語和賓語 (口語中who也可作賓語)。 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主語)(賓語)(主語)2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. =The person whom/who you just talked to is Mr

8、. Li.4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (主語)(賓語)（賓語)4. whose 在從句中作定語，指人或物。 Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of. This is the boy. The teacher talked of his composition. 3) This is the book whose c

9、over is blue.3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that/which that/

10、who which/that Practice 1 5. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.whose4. The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.whom將下面的兩個句子合并成一個句子The reason was very simple.The local policeman explained the reason.The reason that/which the local policeman explained was very simple.Tommy is our monitor

11、. His vocabulary is very large.Tommy whose vocabulary is very large is our monitor.The little girl is my niece.I walked my dog with my niece.The little girl whom/that/who I walked my dog with is my niece. The little girl with whom I walked my dog is my niece.Practice 2Translation1. 他就是住在隔壁的醫(yī)生。He is

12、the doctor who/that lives next door.2. 請把那本綠皮的書傳給我。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Practice 3 that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用which。先行詞本身為everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much, all, none, some 等不定代詞時。Note This is the first book (that) he has read.This is

13、 the very book that belongs to him.(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。(4) 先行詞被the only, the very, the last 修飾時。 (2) 先行詞被all, every, any, no, some, few, little, much等修飾時。(5) 先行詞不止一個，既有人，又有物，用that。He mentioned the people and things that he saw in his trip.(6) 先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞。Which is the T-shirt that fits me mo

14、st？Who is the girl that you spoke to just now?(7)主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主語的定語從句用that（先行詞為物）There is a book on the desk that belongs to my sister.1. 當(dāng)先行詞是he, she 等人稱代詞，以及one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人時一般用who, 不用that. (若指物，則用which) Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at

15、 the gate of the school. What is that which is shining in the room? Note Complete the following sentences with that, which, who or whose. Then translate them into Chinese orally. 1. Here are my neighbours _home was destroyed by earthquake. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the peop

16、le _were asleep. 3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _ they could find. whosethat/who(that)4. Several days later most of the buildings _had been damaged were repaired.5. This frightened boy _ mother were lost in the disaster is looking for her now.6. We went to

17、see our teacher_ husband lost his life in the earthquake.7. “Is this the young man _ saved several people trapped under buildings?” she asked.8. A number of children _parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in the other cities.that/whichwhosewhosewhosewho/that關(guān)系副詞relative adver

18、bs關(guān)系代詞：在從句中作 主語，賓語，定語和表語關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作 時間、地點、原因狀語when ：作 時間狀語where：作 地點狀語why： 作 原因狀語This is the factory I worked ten years ago. This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. 先行詞： the factory，與介詞in一起放入從句中作狀語從句部分： I worked ten years ago.關(guān)系詞： where1. 作連詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句2. 代替先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成分3.關(guān)系副詞= 介詞+ 關(guān)

19、系代詞This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.凡是先行詞放入從句當(dāng)中，需加介詞的，該結(jié)構(gòu)（介詞+先行詞）在從句中都是充當(dāng)狀語成分，關(guān)系詞都應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞，或 介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞。whereThe school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.= The school in which my son studies is near a park.關(guān)系副詞whereWe visite

20、d the house. LuXun once lived in the house. We visited the house where LuXun once lived.= We visited the house in which Lusun once lived.where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示地點的名詞，并在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當(dāng)于“in/at/on+which”。Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when

21、Hong Kong returned to its motherland.= Theyll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland.關(guān)系副詞whenIll never forget the day. I joined the league on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the league.when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示時間的

22、名詞，并在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于“in/at/on/during +which”。There are many reasons. People like traveling for these reasons. There are many reasons why people like traveling. There are many reasons for which people like traveling. 關(guān)系副詞whywhy引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示原因的名詞，并在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“for+which”。在口語中,關(guān)系副詞why有時可以省略。That is the

23、 reason (why/for which) I did it.總結(jié)關(guān)系副詞: where, when, why時間 when = in / at / on / during which地點 where = at/in/on which原因 why = for which“when” means “at that time”, “where” means “at that place”, “why” is used after the word “reason”. a. This is the place where he works. This is the place ( which/t

24、hat) we visited last year.b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the time ( that/ which) we spent together?Notes:關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別c. This is the reason why/for which he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.1. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A.

25、that B. where C. which D. the oneExerciseB 3. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where4. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. thatC A 5. May the fourth is the day

26、 _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which6. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for thatA C “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”介詞的選擇1. 與從句中謂語動詞的搭配相關(guān)This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.2. 與先行

27、詞的搭配相關(guān)I will never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.3.與所表達(dá)的意義相關(guān)The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.不可拆開的“動詞+介詞”短語：look for, look after, take care of等。 Tip 1 whose=of +關(guān)系代詞(which/whom) They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.=Th

28、ey lived in a house, the door of which faces the south.Tip 2We went to see our teacher, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.=We went to see our teacher, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake.the way 作為先行詞時的特殊用法This is a good way in which the problem can be solved.=This is a g

29、ood way that the problem can be solved.=This is a good way the problem can be solved. (不用引導(dǎo)詞)這是解決問題的好方法。Tip 3situation(情景), case（實例）, point（階段）, Internet, stage（階段）等表抽象“地點”的名詞作先行詞時,關(guān)系副詞選擇whereThe Internet, where we can search for a large amount of information, has become an indispensable part of man

30、y peoples life.Tip 4occasion(時機(jī)，場合)作為先行詞時，關(guān)系副詞選擇whenSocial parties are the occasions when people can develop their interpersonal relationship. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，用在“such as”, “the same as結(jié)構(gòu)中，常譯作“像一樣的人或物”。 He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.This is the same book as I read last week.這和我上周讀的

31、那本書是一樣的。 這就是我上周讀的那本書This is the same book that I read last week.在the same as結(jié)構(gòu)中，as可以換成that，但句意不一樣。but引導(dǎo)的定語從句 but 有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who dont )非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞不能省不能用that 和 why不能用who代替whom限制性定語從句舉例(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I

32、 could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.1. 從句與先行詞緊密性不同 2.譯法不同例1. In China students learn English at achool as a foreign language, e

33、xcept for those in Hong kong, where many people speak English as a first or second language. （選自Unit 2 English around the world）例2：There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. （選自Unit 2 English around the world）例3 ： In 1986 he moved to Hollywood to live with his s

34、tepfather, who is a film director. （高一上Unit 5 The Silver Screen)例4：Spielberg, whose mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946 in a small town in America. （高一上Unit 5 The Silver Screen)(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）(2) His br

35、other, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個哥哥）譯法不同， 意義不同1. He has a brother who is a physicist. He has a brother, who is a physicist.2. He returned all the books which are written in English. He returned all the books, which are written in English.譯

36、法不同 意義不同3. My sister who lives next door is a doctor. My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.4. A student who studies hard will make good progress. The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team.譯法不同 意義不同非限關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞有as，which，who， whom，whose關(guān)系副詞有when，where 3、非限制性定語從句

37、引導(dǎo)詞的選擇： His mother, loves him very much, is strict with him. 他的媽媽很愛惜他,對他也很嚴(yán)格。 His wife, you met at my home, was a teacher. 他的妻子，就是你在我家遇見的那個，是一位老師。 （1）先行詞指人,在從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)詞用who:who（2）先行詞指人,在句中作賓語whom: whom Her house, was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. 那座房子在地震中依然聳立，它是一百多年前建造的。注意

38、：無論先行詞指人或者指物,在句中作主語或者作賓語，非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞都不能用that。 （3）先行詞指物,在句中作主語或賓語which:whichThe girl, name is Kate, is the top of the students in our school. 那個女孩是我們學(xué)校最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，她的名字叫Kate。 The book, cover is red, is mine. 封面是紅色的那本書是我的。 whosewhose（4）先行詞在句中作定語，無論指人或者指物,引導(dǎo)詞都用whose: The sports meeting will be put off till

39、next month， we will have made all the preparations. 運(yùn)動會將被推遲到下個月，那時我們做好一切準(zhǔn)備。 The next day we arrived in New York, we were interviewed on the radio. 第二天我們到達(dá)紐約，在那里我們接受了電臺的采訪。when（5）先行詞在句中作時間狀語用when：（6）先行詞在句中作地點狀語用where：where The house, we bought last month, is very nice. 這房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。 This is the ho

40、use we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。which(which/ that )（7）如果先行詞作介詞的賓語 先行詞指人，介詞提前的結(jié)構(gòu)是：介詞whom 先行詞指物，介詞提前的結(jié)構(gòu)是：介詞which The girl, he is familiar, is a football player. The Second World War, millions of people were killed, ended in 1945. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)造成數(shù)百萬人的死亡，于1945年結(jié)束。with whomin whichas 和which1As和which都可以

41、在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指整個主句內(nèi)容時，將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 用非限制性定語從句。這時引導(dǎo)詞用which,從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。 A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, surprises all the people present. which一個五歲的男孩會講兩門外語，令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。2.

42、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont belie

43、ve.Which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是整個句子時。它在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，意為“這一點”，放在主句后。1.Which代替先行句做主語 請把下面兩個簡單句合并為復(fù)句：句John has been working in the office for three hours.句It made him tired. John has been working in the office for three hours，which made him tired.As和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句2.which代替先行句做賓語 請把下面兩個簡單句合并為復(fù)句： 句Mary treats me

44、 just like a baby. 句I cant bear it. Mary treats me just like a baby，which I cant bear. 2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句1.as做主語請把下面兩個簡單句合并為復(fù)句：句China is a developing country.句It is known to all.As is known to all，China is a developing country ,代替整個句子，在定語從句中做主語和賓語，意思為，“正如.一樣”。它引導(dǎo)的句子可在主句首、句中， 句尾。 注意：若非限制性定語從句中的謂語動詞是 be sa

45、id, be known,be expected, be reported , 等結(jié)構(gòu)時，不論是在句首，句中， 句末，都必須as用來引導(dǎo)。 2. as做賓語請把下面兩個簡單句合并為復(fù)句：句We won the game.句We all expected it We won the game，as we expected.只用非限定性定語從句的情況：1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指代整個句子時He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 2. 當(dāng)先行詞指的是世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物時。The moon, which is 384,400 kilomet

46、ers away from the earth, goes around the earth. 3.當(dāng)先行詞指的人名，地名，建筑物等專有名詞時。Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years. all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either等可與 of 構(gòu)成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞。如先行詞指人則用whom，如先行詞指物則用which引導(dǎo)從句。We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigersThere are

47、fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.1. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.2. The person to _ you should write is Mr. Ball.3. The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting.4. The games in _ he competed were swimming and shooting.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatw

48、hichComplete the following sentences using attributive clauses.5. October 1, 1949 is the day _we will never forget.6. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?7. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.8.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.with whichthat / whichwhi

49、ch / thatwhose9. He is the man _ you can turn for help. 10.This is the tree under _ we used to play games.11.The farm _ we worked ten years ago isnt what is used to be.12. A biologist is a man _ has a great knowledge of biology. to whomwhichwhere/on whichwho / that13. The poor boy _ lost both his pa

50、rents last year lives with his grandfather.14. This is the factory _ he worked ten years ago.15. This is the factory _ makes toys.16. He is the boy _ family was poor.who / thatwhere / in whichwhosewhich / thatIll never forget the days _ we worked together.2. Ill never forget the days _ _ we spent to

51、gether.3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when / in whichwhichwhere / in which*及物動詞4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ _ he gave. whichwhy / for whichthat / which及物動詞及物動詞1. We are just to reach a point _both sides

52、 will sit down together and talk.(2007 山東)A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析: A 本句中先行詞a point= a stage in sths development 表發(fā)展的階段、地步, 為抽象地點，故選關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 真題解析2. In the dark street there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom解析: 答案為 D 介詞 to 和定語從

53、句中的 turn 構(gòu)成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help。3. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm _ many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which 解析: 答案為 D 根據(jù)句意“到下午 5 :30 時，許多人已經(jīng)到家了”，且定語從句中又用了完成時，故應(yīng)用介詞 by。4. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of

54、 in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where 解析: C 本題考察定語從句，主句中的 先行詞the hours被其它成分分割，只要 考生能夠認(rèn)清真正的先行詞，就不難 得出答案，the hours表示時間，所以應(yīng)該 選擇一個表示時間的關(guān)系副詞，即when。1. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited

55、last Friday? A. That B. where C. which D. the oneExerciseB D 3. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where4. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. thatC A 5. May the

56、 fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which6. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for thatA C 7. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /8. I will never

57、forget the day _ we studied together. A. at which B. on that C. at that D. on whichC D 9. I should like to use the same TV set _ is used in your classroom. A. which B. who C. as D. whose10. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. on whichB. where C. in thatD. during w

58、hichC D 11. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that12. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. thatC D 13. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. A. Them B. that

59、C. which D. those14. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of whichC A 15. Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week? A. what B. where C. / D. when I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the eve

60、ning. A. what B. which C. that D. whereC D 1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ thesailing time was 226 days. (全國 2004) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which高考鏈接A 2. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (湖南 2004) A. how