高三英語(yǔ)閱讀三大文體閱讀技巧

1、第二專題完形填空高考英語(yǔ)完形填空題是考查英語(yǔ)知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的試題，要求考生從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。完形填 空題不單純考查語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，而主要考查考生對(duì)上下文的精細(xì)理解和縝密的邏 輯判斷能力。記敘文記敘文是高考英語(yǔ)完形填空題考查最多的體裁，它因?qū)哟吻逦?、脈絡(luò)分明和情節(jié)生動(dòng)、真摯感人及容易人題、好發(fā)揮等特點(diǎn)而深受命題專家及廣大考生的喜愛(ài)。 試題特征試題原材料往往以時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件為記敘要素，以交代故事發(fā)生、發(fā) 展、高潮和結(jié)局為記敘過(guò)程，以贊揚(yáng)和批判特定對(duì)象為記敘目的?？疾榉较蛲晷翁羁盏脑囶}特點(diǎn)決定著未來(lái)高考將會(huì)加強(qiáng)對(duì)考生發(fā)揮合理想象正確預(yù)測(cè)下

2、文能力的考查，加強(qiáng)對(duì)考生利用前后句和前后段相：互關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷能力 的考查，加強(qiáng)對(duì)考生利用語(yǔ)境褒貶性進(jìn)行完形填空信息推斷能力的考查。因此， 利用語(yǔ)境的邏輯性、褒貶性和上下文的相互作用是解答完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。專家支招為了贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)特定人物，記敘文的內(nèi)容往往情感濃烈，真摯感人，因此體現(xiàn) 主人公情感態(tài)度的褒貶語(yǔ)境貫穿始終。顯然，以主人公處境好壞為線索分析語(yǔ)境 的褒貶性可以推斷主人公對(duì)文章所描述事件的特定情感和態(tài)度，從而各個(gè)擊破空缺未知信息?，F(xiàn)以2007年高考英語(yǔ)試題天津卷完形填空題為例，談?wù)勅绾卫?褒貶語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行完形填空的信息推 斷。第一招：尋找褒貶語(yǔ)境的產(chǎn)生標(biāo)志，推斷文意的發(fā)生。常言說(shuō)得好，情隨

3、事遷。在完形填空語(yǔ)言材料中，主人公的特定心情往往隨著文意的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生，因此分析褒貶語(yǔ)境可以推斷文意的發(fā)生。褒貶語(yǔ)境的產(chǎn)生 往往有其特定的標(biāo)志，對(duì)褒義語(yǔ)境的描繪往往采用一些快樂(lè)、 積極、贊揚(yáng)的語(yǔ)言， 對(duì)貶義語(yǔ)境的描繪往往采用一些悲傷、消極、排斥的語(yǔ)言。認(rèn)真閱讀分析原文第 節(jié)內(nèi)容可以看出, with a power she had never before experience等詞?匚帶有明顯 的褒義色彩，反映出主人公從容不迫的精神狀態(tài)和駕輕就熟的演出技巧。在這種褒義語(yǔ)境的影響下，原文已知語(yǔ)言和未知語(yǔ)言都必然帶有濃烈的褒義色彩。 這種 褒貶語(yǔ)境的分析對(duì)推斷文意發(fā)生階段的未知信息大有裨益。原文:Ro

4、berta appeared on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to speak. Now she was Portia, a strong willed character in ShakespeareSThe Merchant of Venice.The theater was filled with people. She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced, the words flowing smoothly froha her.大意：羅伯塔出

5、現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上。她做了一下深呼吸，然后開(kāi)始講話3在她已經(jīng) 變成了鮑西亞，莎士比亞喜劇威尼斯商人中一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人物劇院坐滿 了人。她講話時(shí)有一種自己以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有感受過(guò)的力量，語(yǔ)言順暢地從她嘴里流瀉出來(lái)。分析： 這部分內(nèi)容中的褒義語(yǔ)言 with apower she had never before experienced 對(duì)smoothly等褒義性答案的推斷有決定性作用，對(duì)其他各空信息的推斷也有很 大幫助。第二招尋找褒貶語(yǔ)境的變化標(biāo)志，推斷文意的發(fā)展。眾所周知，優(yōu)秀的文章往往情節(jié)起伏跌宕，因此完形填空的褒貶語(yǔ)境也有所變 化，這種變化與主人公情緒的變化是完全吻合的。顯然，只有分析褒貶語(yǔ)境是如何發(fā)生變

6、化的，才能準(zhǔn)確分析主人公情緒的變化和思想行為的變化，才能最終推斷文章未知信息。原文:In fact Roberta had never acted in her life before the audition （選拔試演） She hated being in front of other people. She was very shy at school. She had never thought she was good enough at anything to attract much attention. She stayed mostly to herself, making

7、 few friends. She had excellent grades, but she always thought that something was missing.大意：事實(shí)上在這次選拔試演之前羅伯塔從沒(méi)有演過(guò)戲。她不喜歡待在別人面前。在學(xué)校里她非常害羞。她從沒(méi)有想到會(huì)在某個(gè)方面好到能吸遍多關(guān)注的程 度。多數(shù)時(shí)候她獨(dú)處一室，很少交朋友。她成績(jī)很好，但總認(rèn)為生活中缺少點(diǎn)什 么。分析： 這部分內(nèi)容中的 had never acted, she had never thought she was good enough at anything, she stayed mostly t

8、o herself, she always thought that something was missing.等貶義性旬對(duì) hated, shy, few, but 等貶義性答案的推斷起 著決定作用，對(duì)其它各信息的推斷也有很大的幫助。第三招：尋找褒貶語(yǔ)境的進(jìn)一步變化標(biāo)志，推斷文意的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。不少完形填空的褒貶語(yǔ)境并不僅僅有一次變化，往往還會(huì)經(jīng)歷第二次甚至第三 次變化，這種變化與主人公心情的變化仍然吻合，因此尋找褒貶語(yǔ)境再次產(chǎn)生變化的標(biāo)志性詞句可以分析主人公情緒和心態(tài)的變化，從而成功推斷文章未知信 息。Two weeks before the audition ,Roberta mothe

9、r had heard about it and encouraged her to join in.I can t think if anyone slse better suited tplay the part. Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? ”Her mother wouldnt let the matter drop. Youre just a little scared （害怕）. Everyone gets scared. You know you can do it. The trick is to loo

10、k past the fear to find the love ofwhat youre doing.So Roberta had made an appointment （預(yù)約）with the head of the Drama Club. She had read the play and found herself excited by the idea of speaking such rich words. In secret she practiced Portias part, memorizing the lines by repeating them over and o

11、ver. It wasnt hard she loved every minute of it. Every time she spoke the words, she had a new understanding of the lines, as if Shakespeare had written Portia on many levels.On the day of the audition, she performed two of Portias famous speeches for the auditors. When she had finished, the head of

12、 the Drama Club announced the part was hers.大意：選拔試演前兩周，羅伯塔的母親聽(tīng)到這件事，并且鼓勵(lì)她參加。我想不出任何人比你更適合演這個(gè)角色，記得過(guò)去你為我們演的戲 嗎?”她母親不愿讓這件事擱淺。你只是有點(diǎn)害怕。每個(gè)人都有點(diǎn)害怕，你知道你能演好這部戲，方法就是忽略害怕心理，找到你對(duì)演戲的真愛(ài)0于是羅伯塔與戲劇俱樂(lè)部的頭頭做了預(yù)約。她讀了劇本，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)能夠講劇本中這么豐富語(yǔ)言的想法感到很興奮。她偷偷試演鮑西亞這一角色，一遍又一遍地閱讀臺(tái)詞，以便記住臺(tái)詞。她一點(diǎn)都不感到苦，她喜歡其間的每一分鐘。 每一次她講臺(tái)詞時(shí)，都對(duì)其有新的理解,好像莎士比亞寫鮑西亞

13、這一角色時(shí)有不 同的版本供不同水平層次的人閱讀。選拔試演的那一天，她表演了鮑西亞的兩段著名臺(tái)詞。結(jié)束時(shí)戲劇俱樂(lè)部 的人宣布這一角色將由她扮演。分析：這一部分內(nèi)容中的 I can think of anyone else better suited to - the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? You re just a little scared,found herself excited , It wasn等褒的蹌?wù)Z言對(duì) encouraged , can, loved 等褒義性答案的推斷有決定性作用，對(duì)其它

14、未知信息的推斷也有非常直接的作用。第四招：回讀原文，檢驗(yàn)褒貶語(yǔ)境。為防止對(duì)褒貶語(yǔ)境的推斷有偏差而影響答題準(zhǔn)確率，做完形填空題后，還應(yīng)回讀原文，看看褒貶語(yǔ)境的推斷是否前后一致，是否與文意吻合。認(rèn)真回讀原 文可知， with a power she had never before experienced ,I candf anyorke elsebetter suited to the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? Youre just a little scared ,found herself excited

15、 ,It wasn等褒義色彩濃烈的詞d.反映出主人公對(duì)角色的喜愛(ài)。對(duì)演戲的鐘情和對(duì)成功的向往。而had never acted ,she had never thought she was good enough at anything,she stayed mostly to herself, she always thought that something was missing.貶義詞句反映出主人公過(guò) 去害怕與人相處，羞與人交流，不敢和人交友的悲觀心態(tài)。顯然，褒貶語(yǔ)境的推斷合情合理，與上下文已知信息和未知信息完全吻合， 因此，利用褒貶語(yǔ)境對(duì)原文未知信息進(jìn)行的推斷也準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。原文：I t

16、each biology at UNLIV three times a week. Last Monday, I cheerfully asked my I how their weekend had been. A young man said his weekend had not been so . 2_ .Then he asked me why I always seemed so 3 .His question 4 me of something Id read: Every morning you get up, you have a 5 about how you want t

17、o deal with life, I said. I choose to be cheerful.Let me give you an example, I continued, 6 my students. Besides teaching here, I also teach at a 7 in Henderson. A few weeks ago I drove to Henderson. I 8 the highway and turned onto College Drive. But just then my car 9 down. I tried to start it aga

18、in, but the10 would not work. 11 Iturned my flashers on,took my books, and 12down the road to the college.Immediately I got there, I called and13 for a tow truck () to meetme at my car after 14 . The secretary there asked me what had happened. This is my 15day. I replied, smiling.She was 16 . What d

19、o you mean?My car could have broken down anywhere along the highway. It didnt. I replied. 17 , it broke down in the perfect place: off the highway, 18 walking distance of here. Im still able to teach my class, and Ive been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car 19 to bre

20、ak down today, itcouldnt have been arranged in a more convenient way.I ended my story. Everyone was 20A. schoolmatesA. badA. cheerfulA. informedA. decisionA. coveringA. schoolA. exitedA. brokeA. instrumentA. ButA. marchedA. preparedA. classB. children C. teacherB. good C. sadB. grateful C. hopefulB.

21、 told C. remindedB. choice C. preferenceB. touching C. faciB. college C. universityB. found C. crossedB. died C. wentB. wheel C. lightB. And C. SoB. droveC. rodeB. lookedC. waitedD. studentsD. freeD. thankfulD. warnedD. judgmentg D. reachingD. instituteD. enteredD. cameD. engineD. OrD. followedD. ar

22、rangedD. lunchA. usualA. shockedA. AnywayA. withinA. meantA. astonishedB. unusual 1B. excitedB. InsteadB. beyondfailedB. behavedC. unluckypuzzledC. AlsoC.underC. triedI C. touchedluckyD. pleasedD. StillD. insideD. managedD. scared有人喜歡悲觀地看問(wèn)題，有人喜歡樂(lè)觀地看問(wèn)題,他們用不同的方式度過(guò)workC. study時(shí)光。哪一種方式好？本文作者用自己的親身經(jīng)歷證明了后

23、者。D由首句中的teach可以推斷作者是一個(gè)老師，因此該空表示學(xué)生”，應(yīng)填 studentsB 由上文how their weekend had been可以推出該空表示 好”，因此應(yīng)填 good。A 由下文第5個(gè)空后面的cheerful可以推出該空應(yīng)填cheerful。C remind sb of sth使某人想起某事，與語(yǔ)境邏輯吻合。B 由下文choose可以推出該空應(yīng)表示 選擇”，因此應(yīng)填choice。C由常識(shí)可知，老師講話時(shí)應(yīng)面對(duì)學(xué)生，因此該空應(yīng)填facing0B 由第12個(gè)空后面的college可以推出該空應(yīng)填college。A 由下文turnedonto College Drive

24、可以推出該空表示 退出”，因此應(yīng)填 exited。A 由第10個(gè)空后面的would not work可以推出作者的車子壞了，因此該 空應(yīng)填brokeD由上文start可以推出車子發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的毛病，因此該空應(yīng)填engineC由語(yǔ)境邏輯可以推出該空表示努力無(wú)效后的結(jié)果，因此應(yīng)填 So,表示 于是”。A 由語(yǔ)境邏輯可以推出該空表示前進(jìn)”，因此應(yīng)填marchedD 由最后一段中的arrange可以推出該空應(yīng)填arrangeA由上文可知，作者是趕來(lái)上課的，因此該空應(yīng)填class,第18空后面 的afterclass是一個(gè)驗(yàn)證。D由下文作者輕松愉快的心情可以推出該空含褒義色彩，因此應(yīng)填lucky

25、0C 由下文秘書(shū)問(wèn)話內(nèi)容可知其感到困惑，因此該空應(yīng)填puzzledoB由語(yǔ)境邏輯可以推出該空表示相反”，因此應(yīng)填I(lǐng)nstead。A由作者來(lái)得及上課的事實(shí)可以推出該空表示在范圍之內(nèi)”，因此應(yīng)填 within。A mean此處表 打算”。C 我的故事觸動(dòng)了每個(gè)學(xué)生。議論文議論文是論述某一觀點(diǎn)的文章，常由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證過(guò)程和結(jié)論四部分 構(gòu)成。試題特征試題常在文章開(kāi)頭就提出論點(diǎn)，讓考生對(duì)文章觀點(diǎn)有一個(gè)清晰的了解。接著提供論據(jù)來(lái)論證論點(diǎn)是否正確。論證方法較多，最為常見(jiàn)的是正反論證，這種論證方法觀點(diǎn)明確、思路清晰，說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)，感染力強(qiáng)。最后，作者對(duì)論點(diǎn)是否正 確常給出明確的結(jié)論。考查方向試題要求考生弄清論

26、點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證過(guò)程和結(jié)論，并由此理解文章的細(xì)節(jié)， 從而準(zhǔn)確推斷文章未知信息。專家支招第一招：尋找論點(diǎn)，確定文章主旨，理解文章大意。論點(diǎn)為議論文最重要的因素，它體現(xiàn)了作者的寫作意圖，是文章主旨的完 備體現(xiàn)，而主旨又制約著文意的延伸和情節(jié)的發(fā)展，因此尋找論點(diǎn)確定文章主旨是解答議論型完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。值得注意的是，第一節(jié)最有可能包含論點(diǎn)。因此考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀第一節(jié)，弄清作者到底想說(shuō)什么，從而，抓住文章的論點(diǎn)，理解文章的主旨大意。下面以一篇完形填空題為實(shí)例加以分 析。Everyone has many things to believe. One of the things always believe

27、 is that no matter how bad something is, you can 1 something valuable out of it. The 2 I wasnt sure of that was on September 11.I hear older people _3_ about the attack on Pearl Harbor （珍珠港）and Kennedys being murdered and how greatly those events 4 them in their lives. For my 5 , the tragedy （悲居U） o

28、f September 11 can be 6 with that of Pearl Harbor. We will be talking about the terrible effect on our country, and on our as single human beings, for years to come.It wasnt until a few weeks 8September 11 that I began to see thatperhaps something good did come from this tragedy. People seem 9 now,

29、more understanding, more friendly. Little things that seemed to be such a bother before are no longer a big deal. 10_, I am more patient than I was. I realize life is too short, and 11, to letmyself get upset over unimportant things. Life is also too short to carry complaints and 12 Ive become more

30、forgiving and understanding. Ive learned also that you cant take things for granted. You know how we always say 13 you later.One thing I have realized from September 11 is that you cant ever say that forsure. 14 change in the blink （眨眼）of an eye. People go to 15 , and dont come back. One minute they

31、 are living and the 16 minute they are not.And, it doesnt 17 who you are because there is nothing you can do about it. We 18 know when our time here will be over, so we all need to make the 19 of every minute we have.You try to learn from what happened. You cant live byit. All you can do is just toA

32、. graspA. thingA. thinkA. affectedA. opinionA. connectedA. restA. afterA. happyA. LuckilyA. terribleA. thenA. See20B. catchB. timeB. knowB. taughtpeoplegoC. eventC. talkC. surprisedC. generationC. comparedC. sleepC. sinceB. followedB. livesB. beforeB. sad C. funnyD. takeD. placeD. learnD. improvedD.

33、 childrenD. mixedD. workD. fromD. differentB. Personally C. Generally D. ActuallyB. hard C. precious D. hopelessB. therefore C. yetD. howeverB. Call C. Meet D. VisitA. DemandsA. officesA. otherA. matterA. alwaysA. mostA. study1-5 DBCACB. Things C. Buildings D. PeopleB. factories C. work D. hospitals

34、B. another C. next D. lastB. trouble C. mean D, realizeB. ever C. possibly D. neverB. use C. effort D. senseB. work C. liveD. play6- 10 CBADB 11-15 CBABC16-20 CADAC原文:Everyone has many things to believe. One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is you can_take something

35、 valuable out of it. The time Iwasnt sure of that was on September 11.大意：每個(gè)人都有許多事情可以相信。我總是信奉的事情之一是無(wú)論一件 事情有多糟，你都能從中獲得一些有價(jià)值的東西。我對(duì)那一點(diǎn)沒(méi)把握的時(shí)候是9月11日。分析：認(rèn)真閱讀首節(jié)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)第二句就是論點(diǎn)，它是全文的主旨，是全文的中心思想，是全文的精神實(shí)質(zhì)，有理由相信下文作者一定會(huì)舉例說(shuō)明自己是怎 樣悟出這一道理的。第二招 尋找論據(jù)，理清論證過(guò)程，理解文章細(xì)節(jié)。圍繞論點(diǎn)所展開(kāi)的列舉性說(shuō)明就是論據(jù)，而整個(gè)邏輯推理過(guò)程就是論證過(guò) 程，當(dāng)然這個(gè)論證過(guò)程需要由體現(xiàn)全文主旨的論點(diǎn)來(lái)引

36、導(dǎo)。認(rèn)真閱讀本文，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)的論證過(guò)程如下：論據(jù)劃、節(jié)主要內(nèi)容論點(diǎn)無(wú)論發(fā)生多糟的事，你都能從中獲得有 益的東西。論據(jù)9 11事件；珍珠港事件；肯尼迪被殺的 事件。論證從前認(rèn)識(shí)： 這些事件都是災(zāi)難，從中 獲取不了啟益的東西。后來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)，9 11事件后，人們彼此之間 更理解，更友好； 作者變的更耐心， /、再為小事煩心；作者更能寬容與理解 別人；作者認(rèn)識(shí)到生活多變，不幸隨時(shí) 后可能降臨，因此應(yīng)過(guò)好每一分鐘。結(jié)論壞事也啟益處，應(yīng)從中吸取教訓(xùn)，讓生 活的母大都啟息乂。原文:I hear older people talk about the attack on Pearl Harbor （珍珠

37、港）and Kennedys being murdered and how greatly those events affected them in their lives. For my generation, the tragedy 蔗居U） of September 11 can be compared with that of Pearl Harbor. We will be talking about the terrible effect on our country, and on our lives as single human beings, for years to c

38、ome.大意：我聽(tīng)到年紀(jì)大一點(diǎn)的人談?wù)撜渲楦凼录涂夏岬媳粴⑹录约斑@些事件 是如何影響他們生活的。對(duì)我這一代人來(lái)說(shuō)，9.11事件這一悲劇可以和珍珠港事 件相比。今后多年我們將談?wù)撍鼘?duì)我們國(guó)家和我們生活產(chǎn)生的可怕影口向。分析：一開(kāi)始，作者完全沉浸于痛苦之中，只看到糟糕事件的負(fù)面影響。原文:It wasnt until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps something good did come from this tragedy. People seem different now, more u

39、ndertanding, more friendly. Little things that seemed to be such a bother before are no longer a big deal. Personally, I am more patient than I was. I realize life is too short, and precious, to let myself get upset over unimportant things. Life is also too short to carry complaints and therefore Iv

40、e become more forgiving and understanding. Ive learned also that you cant take things for granted. You know how we always say See you later. One thing I have realized from September 11 is that you cant ever say that for sure. Things change in the blink 眨眼）of an eye. People go to work and dont come b

41、ack. One minute they are living and the next minute they are not. And, it doesnt matter who you are because there is nothing you can do about it. We never know when our time here will be over, so we all need to make the most of every minute we have.You try to learn from what happened. You cant live

42、by it. All you can do is just to live.大意：直到9. 11事件幾周之心我才意識(shí)到也許一些好的東西的確從這次悲 劇中產(chǎn)生了。人們現(xiàn)在似乎不同了、變得彼此之間更理解更友好了。 過(guò)去看起來(lái) 是一個(gè)大麻煩的小事也不再是那么大不了。就我個(gè)人而言、我也比過(guò)去更耐心。 我意識(shí)到生命太短暫，太寶貴了，因此不能讓自己被小事所困擾。生活太短暫了而不能再承載抱怨。因此我變得更能寬容別人，理解別人。我還認(rèn)識(shí)到我們不能 想當(dāng)然。你知道我們總是說(shuō) 再見(jiàn)”。從9. 11事件中我意識(shí)到的一件事是我們有 時(shí)不一定能說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。眨眼間事情就可能會(huì)變化。人們好端端去工作、卻沒(méi)有能回來(lái)。一分鐘前他們

43、還活著，上一分鐘他們就沒(méi)了。而且不管你是誰(shuí)都沒(méi)有多大關(guān) 因?yàn)槟愀緹o(wú)能為力。我們從來(lái)不知道我們的時(shí)間什么時(shí)候會(huì)結(jié)束，所以我行都需要充分利用我們所擁有的每F鐘。你應(yīng)該努力從所發(fā)生之事中吸取教 訓(xùn)I。你不能靠它生活。你所能做的一切就是活下去。分析：作者看到9。11事件給自己和別人帶來(lái)的認(rèn)識(shí)和行為上的可喜變化， 認(rèn)識(shí)到再糟的事情也會(huì)有好的一面。人生苦短，世事難料，因此善待自己，善待 別人，善待生活，過(guò)好每一分鐘才是最重要的。試題分析：A true apology is more than just acknowledgement 母認(rèn)）of a mistake. Its recognition th

44、at something youve said J done has damaged a relationship and that you care 2 about that relationship to want it 3 .Its never 4 to acknowledge you in the wrong. Being human, we all need the 5 of apology. Look back and see how 6 youve judged roughly, said unkind things, pushed yourself ahead at the e

45、xpense of a friend. Some 7 thought in us knows when even a small mistake has been made, your feeling will stay out of 8 until the mistake is acknowledged and regret 9 .I remember a doctor friend, the late Charence Lieb, telling me a man who came to him with different 10 : headaches, insomnia （失眠）， s

46、tomachaches and so on. No 11 causes could be found. Finally the doctor said to the man,12 you tell me whats on your conscience 良心）,I cant help you.After a short 13 the man told the doctor that he 14 all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was 15 . His father had died, so only he himse

47、lf knew the 16. The old doctor made the man write to his brother 17 an apology and enclosing a 18_. In the post office, the man 19 the letter into the mail chute （由B件滑行槽）.As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears.Thank you, doctor, he said. I think Im all right now.And he 20.1.A. orB. andC

48、. butD. while2.A. littleB. enoughC. ofD. for3.A. builtB. formedC. repairedD. damaged4.A. difficultB. easyC. shyD. shamed5.A. skillB. wayC. artD. reason6.A. longB. oftenC. muchD.soon7. A. deepB. newC.otherD. simple8.A. timeB. bodyC.breath D. balance9.A. expectedB. explainedC. describedD. expressed10.

49、A. actsB. mannersC. illnessesD. feelings! 1.A. singleB.realC. physicalD. serious12.A. IfB. UnlessC. BecauseD. Although13.A. restB. stayC. absenceD. silence14.A. acceptedB.receivedC. seizedD. robbed15.A. presentB.deadC. abroadD. lost16.A. matterB. resultC. causeD.relation17. A. givingB. showing C. ha

50、vingD. making18.A. cardB. stamp C. checkD. photoA. droppedB. stored C. hitD. drewA. shouldB. didC. hadD. was道歉是對(duì)所做錯(cuò)事認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程的坦誠(chéng)的表白，也是想對(duì)所做錯(cuò)事加以彌補(bǔ)之情的表白。本文作者用典型事例證明了這一點(diǎn)。ABC道歉是對(duì)你說(shuō)的或做的所造成損害你和別人之間關(guān)系的事情的發(fā)自內(nèi) 心的認(rèn)識(shí)，它必須建立在你對(duì)那種關(guān)系重視到想去修補(bǔ)的基礎(chǔ)上。BC承認(rèn)過(guò)錯(cuò)絕不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事情，作為普通人，我們都需要道歉的 藝術(shù)。B回顧過(guò)去，看看多少次你粗魯?shù)卦u(píng)價(jià)過(guò)別人、跟別人說(shuō)過(guò)不友好的 話或?yàn)榱俗约旱倪M(jìn)步而

51、以朋友的損失為代價(jià)。ADD內(nèi)心深處的想法告訴我們，即使，一個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)使我們的心情失去平衡直至錯(cuò)誤被承認(rèn)、后悔之情被表達(dá)。C下文所介紹的頭痛、失眠、肚子痛等都是疾病。C根據(jù)常識(shí)，身體上有病一般都能檢查到。B分析語(yǔ)境可知，該空表 除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)填 Unless。D 不得不向別人說(shuō)出不光彩的事常需先沉默一段時(shí)間，這是一個(gè)思想斗 爭(zhēng)的過(guò)程。C 語(yǔ)境邏輯制約該空表 扣押”，應(yīng)填seizedoC由下文講述主人公發(fā)郵件給兄弟可以反推，主人公的兄弟出國(guó)了。A 分析語(yǔ)境可知，該空表 事情”，應(yīng)填matter。D making（原形為 make）an apology 道歉”，固定搭配。C 主人公要

52、承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤、改正錯(cuò)誤就必須退還被其扣押的金錢，因此該空 應(yīng)填check。A 主人公把信丟進(jìn)郵件滑行槽。D 認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境邏輯可知，該空應(yīng)替代上文Im all right中的am。說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文寫作的宗旨，就是要把想寫的內(nèi)容寫得明白，讓讀者明了事實(shí)、弄 清真相，所以，除了詞匯或句型因素，相對(duì)而言，說(shuō)明文的完形填空難度不會(huì)很 大，做起題來(lái)也應(yīng)該比較得心應(yīng)手。試題特征試題所選材料語(yǔ)言樸實(shí)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，說(shuō)明清楚明確，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰合理?？疾榉较蛞蛘f(shuō)明文不重在表達(dá)情感而重在陳述事實(shí)，說(shuō)明道理，因此試題多要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境邏輯判斷空缺詞的意義。專家支招請(qǐng)先看一篇完形填空實(shí)例：Eating less may bring long

53、er life?A study by the National lnstitutes of Health 1_that reducing calories by 30 percent 2 to slow the rate of aging in monkeys,providing 3 evidence that humans might live longer by eatingless.The study has shown that a 4 diet that includes a sharp reduction in calories caused the animals to 5 a

54、lower body temperature, a slower metabolism （新陳代謝）and 6 changes in the biochemical markers for aging.Dr. George Roth, a 7 at the research center of the National Institute on Aging said, This shows that what has been demonstrated in mice 8 can apply in monkeys.We have 9 for 70 years that 10 you feed

55、laboratory mice less food, they age slower, they 11 longer and they get diseasesless 12 , he said. We find thatmonkeys respond in the same 13 and that the same biological changes may be in 14 here.Dr. Roth said 15 biochemical measurements also showed thateating less was 16 for the monkeys.The study

56、is 17 and involves 200 monkeys. Dr.Roth said the diets of the monkeys included all of the 18vitamins and other nutriments 19 halfof the monkeys received about 30 percent fewer calories than the other half becausethey are 20.A. remarksA. aimsA. strangebelievesB. appearsB. newcausesC. demandsC. noD. s

57、howsD. agreeslittle4. A. well-balancedB. well-prepared C. well-plannedD.well-cooked5. A. produce B. give C. haveD. changeA. moreA. scientistA. stillA. heardA. ifA. liveA. carefullyA. directionA. playA. someA. healthyA. startingA. requiredA. forA. guided15 DBBACB. fewerC. fasterB. doctorB. alreadyB.

58、knownB. whenB. stayB. obviouslyB. wayB. workB. sameB. happyB. growingB. askedB. thereforecontrolled6 10 BADBAD.deeperlawyerC, yetC.doneC. thoughC. sleepC. frequentlyC. methodC. peaceC. otherC. luckyC. developinghelpeddesignerD. alsoD. madeD. sinceD. standD. definitelyD. instructionD. battleD. allD.

59、fortunateD. continuingD. referredD. as第一招：了解說(shuō)明文的結(jié)構(gòu)模式C. bdtC. mixed D. kept11- 15 ACBAC 16-20 ADACB理清文章的主旨大意。說(shuō)明文主要向讀者介紹新發(fā)明和新發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此有固定的結(jié)構(gòu)模式， 全文往往由新發(fā)明（發(fā)現(xiàn)）的介紹、新發(fā)明（發(fā)現(xiàn)）的依據(jù)、新發(fā)明（發(fā)現(xiàn)） 的過(guò)程和新發(fā)明（發(fā)現(xiàn)）的實(shí)驗(yàn)背景等幾個(gè)角度構(gòu)成。了解說(shuō)明文的框架結(jié)構(gòu)有助于我們弄清文章層次，了解文章主旨，把握文章大意。認(rèn) 真閱讀本篇完形填空可知，全文由 少食長(zhǎng)壽”觀點(diǎn)的提出、少食長(zhǎng)壽” 觀點(diǎn)的依據(jù)、少食長(zhǎng)壽”觀點(diǎn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程和 少食長(zhǎng)壽”觀點(diǎn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)背

60、景等四個(gè)角度構(gòu)成。了解這一點(diǎn)有助于我們理解文章主旨大意。第二招：弄清各結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部構(gòu)成，理解文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。理清文章的框架結(jié)構(gòu)后，還應(yīng)了解各結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部構(gòu)成，這樣才能在脈 絡(luò)分明、層次清晰的基礎(chǔ)上理解文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，從而據(jù)其邏輯關(guān) 系推斷全文未知信息。認(rèn)真閱讀分析原文我們可對(duì)其各結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部構(gòu)成作如下理解：各結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部構(gòu)成事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)少食長(zhǎng)壽”觀 點(diǎn)的提出研究表明減少百分之三十的熱量似乎 能減緩猴子衰老速度少食長(zhǎng)壽”觀 點(diǎn)的依據(jù)研究表明熱量急劇減少導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物體溫 下降，新陳代謝減緩。少食長(zhǎng)壽”觀 點(diǎn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程七十年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直知道如果給實(shí) 驗(yàn)室的老鼠較少的食物，它們的衰老就 變得緩慢，患病頻率也不那