虛擬式及假設意義表示法綜述

1、虛擬語氣以及假設意義表示法綜述-李老師筆記 虛擬式以及假設意義表示法綜述一、虛擬式虛擬式是一種專門表達假設意義和非事實意義的動詞形式。它有兩種形式，即be-型虛擬式和were-型虛擬式。were-型虛擬式（與事實相反（non-fact）were-型虛擬式只有一種形式，即不管主語是什么人稱,be動詞一律用were，如Iwere，youwere，shewere，hewere。主要用于以下句型：用于If，ifonly，asif，asthough，though引導的句子中，表與事實相反（non-fact）IfIwereabird,Iwouldflytoyou.Hetalksasifheweretheb

2、oss.出現(xiàn)在Wish，wouldrather（寧愿），suppose（假設），imagine（設想）之后，表與事實相反（non-fact）IwishIweretall.IdratherIwerenothere.Supposetheearthwereflat.be-型虛擬式be-型虛擬式中動詞不論人稱，均用原形；此種虛擬式不一定與事實相反。主要用于以下幾種情況：用于if，though等引導的句子中Eg.Iftherumorbetrue，everythingispossible.（如果這個謠言是真的，那么任何事都有可能。）Thougheveryonedesert（拋棄）you，Iwillnot.

3、（即使大家都拋棄你，我也不會）注：此種句子和were型虛擬式不同，were型均為non-fact（非事實），而此種表假設，并非明顯的與事實相反。用于公式化的句子中LonglivePeoplesRepublicofChina!Godblessyou!Deviltakehim!（混蛋?。┯糜诿?，決定，建議等詞語之后注：此種虛擬式和一般意義上的虛擬不同，它并非non-fact,也沒有假設意思，而更多帶有較正式的命令、建議語氣。用于動詞后Heorderedthatalltheworkbefinished.Sheinsistedthatshegothereherself.Thechairmandeci

4、dedthatthefactorybeclosed.用于形容詞后Itisnecessarythathecomeherebefore9am.Itisimportantthatshefinishtheworktoday.其他形容詞如：advisable，appropriate，impossible等c.用于名詞后Wewerefacedwiththedecisionthatthemeetingbecanceled.Hisorderthatthearmybesentatoncewascarriedout.二、假設意義表示法綜述1.常見于以下結構：Itistime(time)Itistimewewent

5、tobed.Youvebeenworkingtoohard.Itstimeyoutookarest.Itistimewehaddinner.Itisabouttimeyoumadeupyourmind.Itishightimeyoulentherahand.Itishightimeweleftthisplace.Iwouldrather/sooner(that)you/he/theyImtoldtheyaregoingbybus,butIwouldrathertheywentbytrain.Shewillgethomeatdinnertime,butIwouldrathershegothome

6、alittleearlier.Imsureheiskeepingsomethingback.Idratherhetoldmethetruth.Hedidntattendthemeeting.Iwouldratherhehadbeenpresent.Shegotdrunklastnight.Idrathershehadntdrunksomuch.Theyofferedmethisexpensivewine,butfranklyIdrathertheyhadofferedmesomebeer.IfonlyIfonlyIknewheraddress.IfonlyIhadenoughmoneywith

7、me.IfonlyIcouldswim.IfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.Ifonlyhehadrememberedtobuysomefruit.Ifonlyshehadlistenedtomyadvice.asif/asthoughHebehavesasifheownedthisplace.Heorderedmeasifheweremyboss.Werememberedtheaccidentvividlyasifithappenedonlyyesterday.TheyarestaringatmeasifIwas/werecrazy.Shelookedasifshehadhadsome

8、badnews.在某些語境中，如果不表示假設意義，就不必用過去形式Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thefishsmellsasifithasgonebad.Theappletastesasifitissour.Iwish(that)表示與現(xiàn)在事實或者過去事實相反的主觀愿望：Iwish(that)Ididnthavetogotoworktoday.虛擬語氣以及假設意義表示法綜述-李老師筆記虛擬語氣以及假設意義表示法綜述-李老師筆記 #Iwish（that）Iwas/wereabittaller.Iwishyouwerecomingwithme,Peter.IwishIha

9、dntsaidthat.IwishIhadbroughtamapwithme.Shewishesshednevergotinvolvedinthewholeaffair.Iwishthesunwasshiningatthismoment.IwishIhadnteatensomuchlastnight.如果表示對將來事態(tài)的主觀愿望，通常用某些情態(tài)助動詞的過去時形式,此種結構便接近于客氣的請求或委婉的勸告，eg：Iwishyouwouldntsmokeinpublicplaces.Iwishyouwouldlistentoyourteachersadvice.IwishIcoulddosometh

10、ingforyouinreturn.Compare:Iwish&Ihopewishhope相同點：wishtodosthhopetodosth不同點：wish+Oo（雙賓語），eg:IwishyouamerryChristmas!Hope不可以接雙賓語Iwish(that)后可用虛擬語氣Ihope(that)只可以用陳述語氣；隨后的動詞除非表示婉轉口氣外，很少用過去時：Ihopeyouareready.Wehopeyouwillbehappy.a.條件句IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotmissthisopportunity.Ifhewerehere,Iwouldexplaintohim

11、myself.IfIknewheraddress,Iwouldhavewrittentoher.Ifithadnotbeenforme,youwouldnotbefreenow.Ifhehadntmissedthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.Ifhehadbroughtamapwithhim,hewouldnthavegotlost.注：條件狀語從句用were型或動詞過去形式，主句采用情態(tài)動詞的過去形式，表示與事實相反的假設。含蓄條件句Butforyourhelp,Icouldnthaveachievedanything.I

12、ndifferentcircumstances,Imighthaveagreed.（如果在別的情況下，我或許已經同意了）Thesamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodisaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavemademorecontributionstothecountry.Anyonewhoshouldviolatethelawwouldbepunished.注：含蓄條件即不包含if,unless,aslongas等引導條件狀從的連詞，但表示假設意義，可換成明顯的條件狀從。用于其他語境Thatsheshouldfo

13、rgetmesoquicklywasratherashock.ThatIshouldseeacollegestudentarrestedforstealing!Wouldthatthefloodmightnevercomeagain!Tothinkthathewouldmarrysuchanastywoman!Tothinkthatheshouldhavedesertedhiswifeandchildren!Whowouldhavethoughtthatthingsshouldcometosuchatragicend!Whowouldhavethoughtthemanlivingnextdoorshouldbeahiddenterrorist!Thedoorwaspushed