英語(yǔ)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用課件

1、英語(yǔ)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用Punctuation一個(gè)英國(guó)牧師為了表達(dá)自己不愛(ài)穿牧師制服的想法，便對(duì)大家說(shuō)：I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from my fellowman 我不愿穿任何使我顯得與眾不同的衣服。 I will wear no clothes， which will distinguish me from my fellowmen 我什么衣服都不穿，這樣就會(huì)使我顯得與眾不同了。 了解一下非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯His father who is a teather is fifty years old this year.H

2、is father ,who is a teather ,is fifty years old this year.他那個(gè)是教師的爸爸今年五十歲了。他爸爸今年五十歲了，他是個(gè)教師。 有沒(méi)有逗號(hào),語(yǔ)意不一樣。What a cat! 多好的一只貓呀! What，a cat! 什么，一只貓? Mary says Tess is the most beautiful actress in Paris 瑪麗說(shuō)苔絲是巴黎最美的女演員。Mary，says Tess，is the most beautiful actress in Paris苔絲說(shuō)，瑪麗是巴黎最美的女演員。He is , too，sorry

3、to do it He is too sorry to do it Do you know her father? Do you know her，father? 他做這件事心里也很難受。他心里太難受了，無(wú)法做這件事。 你認(rèn)識(shí)她父親？父親，你認(rèn)識(shí)她嗎?標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)位置不同，語(yǔ)意不一樣。The woman thinks，her husband will come back soon The woman，thinks her husband，will come back soon 這個(gè)女人認(rèn)為，她丈夫會(huì)很快回家。這女人的丈夫認(rèn)為，女人會(huì)很快回家。He gave me twenty-five dolla

4、r billsHe gave me twenty five-dollar billsIn the class there are ten students who speakEnglish very wellIn the class there are ten students，who speak English very well這個(gè)班有10個(gè)學(xué)生，他們的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。他給了我25元鈔票。他給了我20張5元的鈔票。這個(gè)班有10個(gè)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的學(xué)生。 The teacher left the students feeling very depressed 老師離開(kāi)了感到沮喪的學(xué)生們。 The

5、teacher left the students，feeling very depressed. 老師離開(kāi)了這些學(xué)生，感到很沮喪。 Sitting on a stone , a dog is running beside him. 分詞做狀語(yǔ)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)必須一致。坐在一塊石頭上，一條狗從他旁邊跑過(guò)。錯(cuò)英漢標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)對(duì)照表 漢語(yǔ)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 英語(yǔ)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)句號(hào)。 Period 逗號(hào) ， comma ，分號(hào) ； semicolon ；冒號(hào) ： colon ：?jiǎn)柼?hào) ? question mark ?感嘆號(hào) ! Exclamation mark !引號(hào)(雙) “ ” quotation mark(

6、double)“ ”(單) (single) 括號(hào) ( ) parenthesis ( )省略號(hào) ellipsis 破折號(hào) dash 頓號(hào) 、 comma ，兼此功能書名號(hào) 斜體印刷 Hyphen 一 (連詞號(hào)) Apostrophe (省字號(hào))MrGreen is from England he teaches English in a middle school he speaks some Chinese but not much he goes to Chinese classes every week he likes working in China very much he sa

7、ys the Chinese people are very friendly he has a son and a daughter they go to school here too but to a different school 1句號(hào)不同 （譯成漢語(yǔ)注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)）格林先生來(lái)自英國(guó)。他在一所中學(xué)教英語(yǔ)。他會(huì)說(shuō)些漢語(yǔ)。但不多。他每星期去上漢語(yǔ)課。他非常喜歡在中國(guó)工作。他說(shuō)中國(guó)人民非常友好。他有一個(gè)兒子和一個(gè)女兒。他們也在這里上學(xué)。但是不在同一個(gè)學(xué)校。“來(lái)自英國(guó)”和“教英語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)意思，“講漢語(yǔ)”和“上漢語(yǔ)課”是一個(gè)意思， “在中國(guó)工作”和“非常友好”可作為一個(gè)意思，“有一個(gè)兒子和一個(gè)女兒

8、”與“不在一個(gè)學(xué)?！笔且粋€(gè)意思，屬于一個(gè)意思的句子才用句號(hào)。格林先生來(lái)自英國(guó)，在一所中學(xué)教英語(yǔ)。 他會(huì)說(shuō)些漢語(yǔ)，但不多，每星期去上漢語(yǔ)課。 他非常喜歡在中國(guó)工作，說(shuō)中國(guó)人非常友好。 他有一個(gè)兒子和一個(gè)女兒，也在這里上學(xué)，但不在同一個(gè)學(xué)校。英語(yǔ)句號(hào)除了 (1) 表達(dá)一個(gè)意思外，還表示一個(gè)(2)句子的停頓，只要這個(gè)句子(3) 主謂語(yǔ)都有，在語(yǔ)法上是個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句子，一般都可以用句號(hào)。 英語(yǔ)句號(hào)漢可以表達(dá)縮寫，省略詞Kg. 公斤 A. m. 上午n. 名詞pron. 代詞 ie. 即etc. 等等No. 第 Mr. 先生U.S.A. 美國(guó) 2逗號(hào)不同英語(yǔ)逗號(hào)表示很短的停頓 (1)相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的頓號(hào)“、”，用

9、在多個(gè)并列詞之間。 There are 5 people in my family：my wife，my father，my mother, my son and I.He likes bread，milk，sugar and fruits (2)復(fù)合句連詞之前、兩個(gè)分句之間用逗號(hào)。 He can speak English， but not so much This is Jack，and that is Tom.(3)位于句首的直接引語(yǔ)之后?！癐m very sorry，”said John. “Im very sorry”said John John said, “Im very sor

10、ry.”“Mum，”said Harry，“This is my classmate John” 正確錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤正確判斷正誤：“Mum，come over，”said Harry“This is my classmate John正確“媽媽，過(guò)來(lái)!”哈里說(shuō)：“這是我同學(xué)約翰。” (4)用于稱呼語(yǔ)、轉(zhuǎn)折副詞、插入句等一些獨(dú)立成分后面，如： Hi，every body大家好!信開(kāi)頭或開(kāi)會(huì)的稱呼語(yǔ)，提醒別人注意。 Dear Sir or Madams，親愛(ài)的先生或女士： 注：譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，逗號(hào)變成冒號(hào)。 3冒號(hào)不同英語(yǔ)冒號(hào)表示的停頓要比逗號(hào)長(zhǎng)，表明下面要有事物列舉。如： Please buy me so

11、me fruits：apples oranges，grapes and bananasHe said：“she is learning Chinese” He said，“She is learning Chinese”錯(cuò)誤正確英語(yǔ)在引用說(shuō)話內(nèi)容時(shí)，“說(shuō)”后面一般應(yīng)用逗號(hào)。而漢語(yǔ)則用冒號(hào)。引語(yǔ)中的第一個(gè)字母應(yīng)大寫。 英語(yǔ)say后面若用冒號(hào)，表明說(shuō)話的人態(tài)度非常嚴(yán)肅，或是引語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容很正式。4分號(hào)不同英語(yǔ)分號(hào)表示停頓要比逗號(hào)長(zhǎng)，但比冒號(hào)短。常用于幾個(gè)關(guān)系較為密切的分句之間，或用于被列舉較長(zhǎng)、中間含有逗號(hào)的事物名稱之后。如： Dont use my pen；it doesnt work Dont u

12、se my pen；It doesnt work 正確錯(cuò)誤別用我的鋼筆，筆壞了。 注意：第二分句第一字母不能大寫。 5 . 問(wèn)號(hào)、感嘆號(hào)、破折號(hào)英漢幾乎相同，只是英語(yǔ)的破折號(hào)比漢語(yǔ)短一半。6. 引號(hào)用法英漢基本相同，但表達(dá)書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱時(shí)，英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有漢語(yǔ)的書名號(hào)“”，英語(yǔ)用斜體字、下劃線、或者用引號(hào)來(lái)表示，名稱里每一個(gè)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。 The books called “A New English-Chinese Dictionary” sell well.The books called A New English-Chinese Dictionary sell well 如引號(hào)內(nèi)還需

13、引號(hào)，可用單引號(hào)： “I have seen the film Gone With Wind,” she said “我看過(guò)電影飄?！彼f(shuō)。7. 漢語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有連字符，連字符常用于英語(yǔ)合成詞中，如： father-in-law 岳父 用在呼叫語(yǔ)中時(shí)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的破折號(hào)， 如： “He-e-elp!” she cried “救-命-呵!”她喊道。有沒(méi)有連字符，詞義不一樣 green house綠色的房子 dark room黑暗的房間green-house溫室 dark-room 暗室green room綠色的房間 resign 辭職green-room演員休息室 re-sign 再簽署9. 英漢省略

14、號(hào)長(zhǎng)短不同，英語(yǔ)是三個(gè)點(diǎn)，漢語(yǔ)是六個(gè)點(diǎn)，用法一樣，如： thankfor. 因感謝8. 省字符“ ”是漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有的，常表示所有格、省略，如： teachers book教師用書 dont 不 Im 我是 99 1999Contents: 句號(hào)（Full Stop / Period） 問(wèn)號(hào)（Question Mark） 感嘆號(hào)（Exclamation Mark） 逗號(hào)（Comma） 冒號(hào)（Colon） 分號(hào)（Semicolon） 連字符（Hyphen） 破折號(hào)（Dash） 引號(hào)（Quotation Marks） 撇號(hào)（Apostrophe）省略號(hào)（Ellipsis）句號(hào)（Full Stop /

15、Period）用于陳述句、語(yǔ)氣溫和的祈使句或客氣的問(wèn)句后。用于間接引語(yǔ)之后。用于某些縮略語(yǔ)、小數(shù)點(diǎn)之后。表示序列的字母或數(shù)字之后。 Lets go to the movies. May we hear from you soon. 問(wèn)號(hào)（Question Mark）用于疑問(wèn)句或語(yǔ)氣較委婉的祈使句之后。用來(lái)表示存疑或無(wú)把握。用于陳述句之后表示疑問(wèn)。用于插入式問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 What can I do for you? This vase dates back to 600 ? BC. Im the one to be blame for the mess? He was so tired is

16、that true? that he wont come. 感嘆號(hào)（Exclamation Mark）表示感慨、驚訝、命令、哀怨、贊賞、決心等。用于感嘆詞之后。 How time flies！ Be quiet! Oh! Fire! Please leave alone! God, youve finished your task!逗號(hào)（Comma）用于分割并列成分，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的頓號(hào)作用。用于分割并列句中的分句。用于分割對(duì)比或?qū)φ粘煞?。用于分割非限定性定于從句、同?語(yǔ)、或附加說(shuō)明成分。用于分隔附加疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句。用于分割直接引語(yǔ)及導(dǎo)語(yǔ)。用于分割句首狀語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)等。用于分割日期、數(shù)字、地

17、點(diǎn)、人名 與職銜等、（信件）呼語(yǔ)等。例句：Were tired, thirsty and hungry.We must hurry up, otherwise, we will miss the bus.No pain, no gain.He wants us, you and me, to go to his place tomorrow.John didnt take it, did he?Mr. Green said, “Please call on us.”Frankly, thats all the money I have.He left on July 20, 2008, for

18、 a trip around the world.David Smith, Ph.D.冒號(hào)（Colon）冒號(hào)用于對(duì)后面內(nèi)容的介紹或解釋 用于一個(gè)正式的引用之前。 也可用于商業(yè)或正式信函的稱謂后面. 冒號(hào)用于數(shù)字時(shí)間的表示. 冒號(hào)用于主標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題之間. This is her plan: go shopping. The professor said: “It was horrible.” 4:45 p.m Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data 分號(hào)（Semicolon）用于并列分句之間。分隔已經(jīng)有逗號(hào)分割的成分，以免導(dǎo)致歧義。用于由f

19、or example, for instance, namely, that is (to say), in fact, i.e.,等詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的句子之前。 Your bike is new; mine is old. Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge. His sister is a busy girl; in fact, she works harder than he does.連字符（Hyphen）用于某些前綴后和構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞

20、。Job-hunting構(gòu)成某些復(fù)合數(shù)字（100以下的數(shù)字應(yīng)用單詞寫出，不可用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字代替） twenty-one;during the years 1949-1999 用于移行, 一般按音節(jié)間斷開(kāi)單詞加連字號(hào)（例如：ha-ppy,不可斷為hap-py）,或根據(jù)發(fā)音,不要把單個(gè)字母留在行尾或行首。注意一頁(yè)中最后一個(gè)單詞不能使用連字號(hào)將其置于兩頁(yè)。破折號(hào)（Dash）用于話語(yǔ)突然中斷、意思轉(zhuǎn)折或猶豫不決。用作解釋。用于被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。引出概括性詞語(yǔ)或表示引文出處。用于兩地名或兩時(shí)間之間，相當(dāng)于連字號(hào)。 破折號(hào)（Dash） “Id like to,” he said, “but Im ” Money,

21、 fame, power these are his goals in life. What he needed most he never got love. London New York flight引號(hào)（Quotation Marks）引用書面或口頭的直接引語(yǔ)。引用事物的名稱。引用俚語(yǔ)、反語(yǔ)、定義、詞形等。引用對(duì)話。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 引號(hào)（Quotation Marks） Bob said, “Lets meet at my house next time.” Have you read the novel “Flying”? How do you spell the word “souve

22、nir”? “Did you have a great time last night?”撇號(hào)（Apostrophe）省字符。表示某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示名詞的所有格。 youd better = you had better cause = because the class of 09 = the class of 2009 todays news, a friend of my fathers 省略號(hào)（Ellipsis）表示詞語(yǔ)或句子的有意省略。表示斷斷續(xù)續(xù)、停頓、猶豫不決。表示沒(méi)有說(shuō)完的話語(yǔ)。用以分割詞組，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 “the book is lovely and well wri

23、tten.” “Tell mother I died for my country.” Do it soon Do it today Do it now. “I dont know I dont know.”中英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的差異 漢語(yǔ)中的某些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)為英語(yǔ)所沒(méi)有。 頓號(hào)（、）：頓號(hào)在漢語(yǔ)中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有頓號(hào)，分割句中的并列成分多用逗號(hào)。如： She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box. 注意： 類似的情況下，最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后可加and，這個(gè)逗號(hào)也可省略-She slowly, carefully(,) and de

24、liberately moved the box. 間隔號(hào)：漢語(yǔ)有間隔號(hào)，用在月份和日期、音譯的名和姓等需要隔開(kāi)的詞語(yǔ)的正中間，如一二九、奧黛麗赫本（人名）等。英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有漢語(yǔ)的間隔號(hào)，需要間隔時(shí)多用逗點(diǎn)。 書名號(hào)（）：英文沒(méi)有書名號(hào)，書名、報(bào)刊名用斜體或者下劃線表示。如： Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Winters Tale / Winters Tale 冬天的童話 The New York Times / The New York Times 紐約時(shí)報(bào) 另外，英語(yǔ)中文章、詩(shī)歌、樂(lè)曲、電影、繪畫等的名稱和交通工具、航天器等的專有名詞也常用斜體來(lái)表示。 英語(yǔ)中的某些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)為漢語(yǔ)所沒(méi)有。 撇號(hào)-Ap

25、ostrophe（） 連字號(hào)-Hyphen（-） 斜線號(hào)Virgule or Slash（/）：該符號(hào)主要起分割作用。 It could be for staff and / or students. 也常用于標(biāo)音，如bed /bed/。 某些符號(hào)在漢英兩種語(yǔ)言中的形式不同。 中文的句號(hào)是空心圈（。） 英文的句號(hào)是實(shí)心點(diǎn)（.）。 英文的省略號(hào)是三個(gè)點(diǎn)（.），位置在行底；中文的為六個(gè)點(diǎn)（.），居于行中。 英文的破折號(hào)是（ ） 中文的是（）COMMAPunctuation6 Functions of Comma1. As introducer -used after introductory wo

26、rds, phrases or clausesWords However, the new law was largely ignored by the public.Phrases After a long vacation, he returned to work.Clauses Since he have no money, we can not buy it.Appositives Tom, a friend of mine will see to it. 6 Functions of Comma2. As coordinator -used between two independe

27、nt clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions and, but, yet, or, for, nor, and so.6 Functions of Comma3. As linker -used to connect items in a series; to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed; to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.6 F

28、unctions of Comma4. As inserter -used before and after an inserted element of a sentence.The new law, however, was largely ignored by the public.6 Functions of Comma5. As Linker -used to connect items in a series; to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed

29、; to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.6 Functions of Comma6. As separator -used to separate digits, except telephone numbers, ZIP numbers, house number, and the like; to prevent misreading and misunderstanding.In the morning, light began to flood our room.Comma SplicePunctuation

30、Comma spliceA comma splice (error, fault, or blunder) occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses.Five ways to correct a comma splice1). to add a coordinating conjunction following the comma;2). to add a subordinating conjunction, making the second clause depend on the first;Five way

31、s to correct a comma splice3). to use a semicolon instead;4). to use a period instead;5). to use a semicolon plus a conjunctive adverb like indeed, therefore, nevertheless, and however.Wrong sentenceI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling, his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned

32、to like poetry when I read Kipling, for his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling, because his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling; his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry

33、when I read Kipling. His strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling; indeed, his strong rhythms appealed to me.SemicolonPunctuationUsing semicolon is not difficult if we remember that a semicolon is more like a period than a comma. It is a very strong punct

34、uation.Semicolon are used in three ways.1. Between two sentences that are closely connected in idea, or independent clauses when they are not joined by the coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, or and nor.When angry, count four; when very angry, swear.Computer using is increasing; computer crime

35、is, too.2. Before sentence connectors and some transitional phrases ( however, therefore, nevertheless, moreover, that is, in fact etc.).You have to return all the books within two weeks; otherwise, you cant borrow any more books.3. Between items in a series when any of the item listed already conta

36、ins commas, or when the clause-items are long.The year is divided into four seasons: spring, the green season; summer, the red season; autumn, the golden season; winter, the white season.The conference, short as it was, gave us the fact we needed; and at dinner that night, we shared opinions, questi

37、ons, and conclusions about the labor dispute.colonPunctuationUsing a colon at the end of an independent clause focuses attention on the words following the colon. After a colon, we often write lists, appositives, and direct quotations.Before listsUse a colon to introduce a list.Libraries have two ki

38、nds of periodicals: bound periodicals and current periodicals.I need the following groceries: eggs, milk, and coffee.Caution1. Do not use a colon to introduce a list after the verb to be unless you add the following or as follows.Wrong sentenceTo me, the most important things in life are: good healt

39、h, a happy home life, and a satisfying occupation.CorrectionsTo me, the most important things in life are good health, a happy home life, and a satisfying occupation.CorrectionsTo me, the most important things in life are the following: good health, a happy home life, and a satisfying occupation.Caution2. Do not use a colon after a preposition. Use a colon only at the end of an independent clause.Wrong sentenceAfter a long day at work, I look forward to: enjoying a quiet dinner at home, playing with my children, and watching a little TV.CorrectionsAfter a lo