聯(lián)合國介紹英文版

1、The?United Nations?（UN） is an? ? established on 24 October 1945 t o promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective?4國際聯(lián)盟 ）the organization was created followingthe?to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had51 ?; there are now 193. The?（總部）is situated in? ,?

2、and enjoys?. Further main offices are situated in?,?and? . Theorganization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting th

3、e environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the United Nati

4、ons Charter. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five then-permanent members of the Security Council France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the UK and the US and by a majority of the other 46 signatories.The first meetings of the

5、 General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council took place in Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London beginning 6 January 1946. The General Assembly selected New York City as the site for United Nations Headquarters, and the facility was completed in 1952. Its sitelike

6、UN headquarters buildings in Geneva, Vienna,and Nairobi is designated as international Norwegian Foreign Minister, Trygve Lie, was elected as the first UN Secretary-General.1945年4月25日，聯(lián)合國國際組織會議在舊金山召開，50國政府及諸多非政府機(jī)構(gòu)參與并起草了聯(lián)合國憲章。 1945年10月24日，當(dāng)時的安理會五大常任理事國（法國、中華民國、蘇聯(lián)、英國和美國）及多數(shù)其他簽署國（46國）共同批準(zhǔn)了憲章，聯(lián)合國正式宣告成立。

7、1946年1月6日，聯(lián)合國大會第一次會議（51個國家代表出席）以及安理會在英國倫敦的衛(wèi)理公會中央禮堂舉行。 大會選定紐約作為聯(lián)合國總部，其設(shè)施于 1952年完工。聯(lián)合國總部同聯(lián)合國在日內(nèi)瓦、維也納和內(nèi)羅畢的總部一樣， 被指定為國際領(lǐng)土。同時，大會還選舉了挪威外相特呂格韋賴伊為第一任聯(lián)合國秘書長。United Nations system is based on five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council （ECOSOC）, the Secre

8、tariat, and the International Court of Justice.42 A sixth principal organ, the Trusteeship Council, suspended operations in 1994, upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory.The General Assembly is the main deliberative assembly of the United Nations. Composed of all Unit

9、ed Nations member states, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions, but emergency sessions can also be assembly is led by a president, elected from among the member states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall Westminste

10、r in London and included representatives of 51 nations.When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required. Examples of important questions include recommendations on peace and security; election of members to organs; admission, suspe

11、nsion, and expulsion of members; and budgetary matters. All other questions are decided by a majority vote. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary matters, resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of

12、 the UN, except matters of peace and security that are under consideration by the Security Council.聯(lián)合國大會是聯(lián)合國的主要合議性團(tuán)體，包括聯(lián)合國的所有會員國，每年定期舉行會議，但緊急會議亦可以召開54。 大會由一位主席（由成員國中產(chǎn)生，根據(jù)區(qū)域進(jìn)行輪換）和 21位副主席主持55 o第一次會議于1946年1月10日在倫 敦西敏衛(wèi)理公會中央禮堂召開，有 51個國家的彳t表參會10。大會對于重要問題的投票需要到場且投票的三分之二多數(shù)才能通過。重要問題的例子包括關(guān)于和平和安全的建議、主 要機(jī)構(gòu)的選舉、接

13、納、暫停和開除會員，以及預(yù)算事宜 56。其他問題則由簡單多數(shù)決定。每個國家只有一票。除預(yù)算 事項(xiàng)外，通過的決議對于會員沒有約束力。大會可以對聯(lián)合國范圍內(nèi)的一切事項(xiàng)提出建議，但關(guān)于和平和安全的事項(xiàng)則 屬安全理事會考量The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While other organs of the United Nations can only make recommendations to member states, the Security Counci

14、l has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article decisions of the Council are known as United Nations Security Council resolutions.The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members China, Fr

15、ance, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States and 10 non-permanent members Argentina （term ends 2014）, Australia （2014）, Chad （2015）, Chile （2015）, Jordan （2015）, Lithuania （2015）, Luxembourg （2014）, Nigeria （2015）, Republic of Korea （2014）, and Rwanda （2014）.59 The five permanent members

16、hold veto power over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate.The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with member states voted in by the General Assembly on a regional basis.60 The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabe

17、tically each month.安全理事會的職責(zé)是維護(hù)國家之間的和平與安全。聯(lián)合國的其他主要機(jī)構(gòu)只有對會員國提出“建議”的權(quán)利，而安理 會則有權(quán)提出具有強(qiáng)制性的決議，在憲章第二十五條規(guī)定下，會員國必須接受并履行58。安理會的決議被稱為聯(lián)合國安全理事會決議。安理會由15個會員國組成，其中包括5個常任理事國一一中國、法國、俄羅斯、英國和美國一一以及10個非常任理事國阿根廷（2014年任期結(jié)束）、澳大利亞（2014年）、乍得（2015年）、智利（2015年）、約旦（2015年）、立陶 宛（2015年）、盧森堡（2015年）、尼日利亞（2015年）、韓國（2015年）及盧旺達(dá)（2015年）60。

18、其中五個常任理 事國對于聯(lián)合國決議具有否決權(quán)，因此常任理事國能夠阻止一項(xiàng)決議的通過，但無法阻止討論。十個非常任理事國任期 兩年，根據(jù)地域分配原則由大會從成員國中選出。安理會的主席每個月根據(jù)字母順序進(jìn)行輪換。The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their me

19、etings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.The Secretary-General acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the UN. The position is defined in the UN Charter as the organizations chief adminis

20、trative officer. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council, where the permanent members have veto power. the post shall be appointed on the basis of geographical rotation, and that the Secretary-General shall not originate from one of

21、 the five permanent Security Council member聯(lián)合國秘書處由秘書長主持，由來自全球的公務(wù)人員協(xié)助運(yùn)作63。它為聯(lián)合國機(jī)構(gòu)召開的會議提供研究、信息和設(shè)施，并根據(jù)安理會、大會、經(jīng)社理事會和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的指示進(jìn)行工作?，F(xiàn)任秘書長潘基文秘書長在事實(shí)上是聯(lián)合國的發(fā)言人和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國憲章，這一職位是這一組織的“行政首長”。憲章第九十九條規(guī)定秘書長可將“其認(rèn)為可能威脅國際和平及安全之任何事件”提請安理會注意，秘書長在安理會（具有否決權(quán)）進(jìn)行推薦之后由大會進(jìn)行任命68 o這一職責(zé)沒有具體的要求，但如今已形成慣例應(yīng)有一至兩個五年任期，應(yīng)根據(jù)地區(qū)輪轉(zhuǎn)任命，且不應(yīng)來自安理會

22、五大常任理事國?，F(xiàn)任秘書長為潘基文，他在 2007年接替了科菲安南，并 在此后獲得連任，將于2016年年底結(jié)束任期.The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, in the Netherlands, is the primary judicial organ of the UN. Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of Intern

23、ational Justice. The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms and are appointed by the General Assembly; every sitting judge must be from a different nation.國際法院(ICJ位于荷蘭海牙，是聯(lián)合國的主要司法機(jī)構(gòu)，于1945年根據(jù)聯(lián)合國憲章建立起來，并在1946年作為常設(shè)國際法院的繼承者開始運(yùn)行。國際法院由15名法官組成，法官任期9年，由大會任命，必須來自不同的國家The Economic and Social Coun

24、cil (ECOSOC)assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development. ECOSOChas 54 members, which are elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst the small or middle powers repr

25、esented on ECOSOC.The council has one annual meeting in July, held in either New York or Geneva. Viewed as separate from the specialized bodies it co-ordinates, ECOSOCfunctions include information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations.7475 Owing to its broad mandate of co-or

26、dinating many agencies, ECOSOC has at times been criticized as unfocused or irrelevant.聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會理事會(ECOSOC在推動國際經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會合作及發(fā)展方面對大會進(jìn)行協(xié)助。經(jīng)社理事會有54個成員國，由大會選出，任期三年。主席同樣選舉產(chǎn)生，任期一年，來自經(jīng)社理事會中中等或較小的成員國。理事會每年7月召開一次會議，會議地點(diǎn)在紐約或是日內(nèi)瓦。它的主要職責(zé)是收集信息、為會員國提供建議，與專門機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)并 提供建議Prineipiil urgtma of ths Urd ted Nat ioms Hay 工es口工

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30、Bic OJ9cri. Cnsnei 1Fw global MOMdiotiL o*d wcisl aff Old Jie spans ihl- f :t cn-jperai Lan hrtvecn st at e = aw iem也 bo jnaiLi? aftd socl3I msrttssi Co-oediriitus ca-apei alaoEi betsEMi tj-.- Uli z ritJier&tJS s：erdi；Ed CocL吐: Hzs E-4 ifbEEJS, =le=ted bj *lht CuuacxII- at a It j. c ii., g tei uLy 。

31、二s t t ezzi lax.?c-LiFr e* fJjr m 后式的 話4 = Vis deijins.lijr -i-zLned tc r.Ehg.e coin pc se EHior.; ttiat 串ere foiFiei Ltse .b f lijtitTiS .aiidater , H-es been Inatls 5in LBM. vhtr, F:1 te last tzujI tstJca.tMyB altauricd iMiGBedGncSpecialized agenciesThe UN Charter stipulates that each primary orga

32、n of the UN can establish various specialized agencies to fulfill its of the best-known agencies are the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the World Bank, and the World Health Organizat

33、ion (WHO). The UN performs most of its humanitarian work through these agencies. Examples include mass vaccination programmes (through WHO), the avoidance of famine and malnutrition (through the work of the WFP), and the protection of vulnerable and displaced people (for example, by UNHCR).聯(lián)合國憲章規(guī)定，聯(lián)

34、合國的主要機(jī)構(gòu)可建立專門機(jī)構(gòu)以履行其職責(zé)。最為人所知的機(jī)構(gòu)包括國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)、糧食及農(nóng) 業(yè)組織、聯(lián)合國教科文組織、世界銀行以及世界衛(wèi)生組織。聯(lián)合國通過這些機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行大部分的人道主義工作，其中包括 大規(guī)模疫苗項(xiàng)目(通過 WHO)、防止饑荒和營養(yǎng)不良(通過 WFP)以及保護(hù)難民(如聯(lián)合國難民署)。孤臺國瑁翅及專門*1構(gòu)席號上曾就學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)0箱導(dǎo)者住i討*建言時日 。1帆白及雙批金逑| |息大刊覃4團(tuán) 若拜,咯杭穴業(yè)諸，通麻午:瓦LMG隼2IAEA國際意子建機(jī)構(gòu)奧地利茫也納天燈之彌iPffTif3ICW國際國就相織IM加拿大紫杼利家| |言定,本杰明LMTipiiFib國際費(fèi)讓直原皇至| |怠大利馬| |

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38、International Telecojuunication UnionI GenevaSwitzerland9UNESCOUnited Nations E due at i onail Scientific and Cultuxail OrgBiiizat ion| FariSj Francs10imiBOUnited Nations Industrial DeirelopnteiiLt OrgmiizationViennaj Austria11umoWorld Touris* Qrgani工虱ionz:Madridj12UFUUniversal Post al UnionBern, Sv

39、itzerland13WBGWorld Bank Group匚usV-ashingt orij DCj14WPWorld Food Prceranjue1 1Romj It aly15WHOWorld Health OrganizationI Geneva, Switzerlande_WIPOWorld Intellectual Property OrganisationGeneVajSwit ztrlandEWOWorld Meteorological OrganiiwatIonn gss 四SwitzerlandWith the addition of South Sudan on 14

40、July 2011, there are 193 United Nations member states, including all undisputed independent states apart from Vatican City. In addition, there are two non-member observer states of the United Nations General Assembly: the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over Vatican City) and the State of Cook Isl

41、ands and Niue, both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their full treaty-making capacity recognised by the Secretariat.2011年7月14日南蘇丹加入之后81,目前聯(lián)合國總共有193個會員國，包括除梵蒂岡之外所有未受爭議的獨(dú)立國家.此外，聯(lián)合國大會中還有兩個非會員觀察員國家：圣座(對梵蒂岡擁有主權(quán))和巴勒斯坦國 84。庫克群島和紐

42、埃兩國皆是同新西蘭自由聯(lián)合的國家， 是多個聯(lián)合國專門機(jī)構(gòu)的正式會員，秘書處承認(rèn)它們的“完全締約能力”4. The Group of 77The Group of 77 at the UN is a loose coalition of developing nations , designed to promote its members collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. Seventy-seven nations foun

43、ded the organization, but by November 2013 the organization had since expanded to 133 member group was founded on 15 June 1964 by the Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development （UNCTAD）.聯(lián)合國中的七十七國集團(tuán)是一個發(fā)展中國家的松散聯(lián)合，目標(biāo)是促進(jìn)其成 員的共同經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和提升在聯(lián)合國中的集體談判能力。該集團(tuán)最初由七十七個國家創(chuàng)立，但截至 2013年11月其成員國 數(shù)量已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展至133個。1964年6月15日，在聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會議上發(fā)表了七十七個國聯(lián)合宣言,正式宣布集團(tuán) 成立。聯(lián)合國共有六種用于政府間會議和檔的官方語言，分別為阿