高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法精講精練教師版

1、常九講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高考的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，也是我們英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中所碰到的難點(diǎn)之一。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式：不定式，V-ing分詞（又分為現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞）和過(guò)去分詞。一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种髡Z(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)）補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)（獨(dú)立成分）V-ing 形現(xiàn)在分詞式動(dòng)名詞不定式（to do ）過(guò)去分詞（done）注：常見(jiàn)作獨(dú)立成分的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞to tell you the truth（ 實(shí)話說(shuō)），needless to say（不用說(shuō)）,to be honest/frank（ 老 實(shí)說(shuō)，坦白說(shuō)），to be more exact（更確切地說(shuō)），to make

2、things worse （更糟的是）,not to mention （更不用說(shuō)）,Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking （一般說(shuō)來(lái)/坦白說(shuō)/粗略地說(shuō)）2,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化形式非謂 語(yǔ) 形式構(gòu)成時(shí)公語(yǔ)公復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定 式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在 “to” 前力口not或 never進(jìn)行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成 進(jìn)行式to have been doing/動(dòng)名 詞一般式doingbeing

3、donesb.或 sb s doing 作主語(yǔ)要用 sb s doing在前加not特別注意復(fù)合結(jié) 構(gòu)的否定式：sb s not do ing sb snothaving done完成式having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在 分詞與動(dòng)名詞變化形式相同在前加not二、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)（一）辨別謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)特別注意分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)才能辨別謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)。The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. bei

4、ng weighedB. weighs C. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易誤選 B或C,將其當(dāng)成謂語(yǔ)看待。under the age of four and lessthan 40 pounds用作children的定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞 weigh與名詞children 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選擇 weighing。blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，會(huì)誤選A或C項(xiàng)。這是祈使句+and+陳述句的句型。答案B。（二）非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓

5、語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)t充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)It is important for us to learn English very well.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。I think it important for us to learn English very well.我認(rèn)為對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。it作形式主語(yǔ)使用動(dòng)名詞的句型It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭沒(méi)有用。It is fun（a great pleasure, a waste of time）It is a waste o

6、f time trying to explain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2.用不定式還是用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有特殊規(guī)定 I don t want like I m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager s planis unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. tohave sounded【解析】want后要跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，sound是連系動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)式，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)間的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案Ao類似的知識(shí)點(diǎn)要記牢。如： help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, p

7、romise, wish,pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare,manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等動(dòng)詞后要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。It is difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration.A. accept B.acceptingC. to acceptD.accepted【解析】imagine要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。答案B。類似的知識(shí)點(diǎn)要

8、記牢。下列常見(jiàn)的這些動(dòng)詞（組）后要用動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建議冒險(xiǎn)去獻(xiàn)身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放棄延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（堅(jiān)持欣賞要實(shí)踐）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原諒逃/避反對(duì)）keep, be/

9、get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持習(xí)慣勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得開始將忙乎）3.用不定式還是用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義不同In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.A. waiting B. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting【解析】此題意為“在英國(guó)的一些地方，如果錯(cuò)過(guò)了公交車就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。 mean doing sth 意為 “意味著什么“， mean to

10、do sth 意為 “試圖、打算做什么。答案 Ao類似的知識(shí)點(diǎn)要記牢。動(dòng)詞本身意義不變，跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞意義不同- remember to do sth. 記住要做L remember doing sth.記得過(guò)去做過(guò)forget to do sth.忘了已做過(guò)的事forget doing sth.忘記要做某事動(dòng)詞本身意義改變，跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞意義不同regret to do sth.對(duì)馬上要或不做的事表示遺憾L regret doing sth.對(duì)已發(fā)生的事表示遺憾或后悔mean to do sth. 打算，想要L mean doing 意味著，意思是r try to do sth.努力做某

11、事L try doing sth.嘗試做某事can t help doing sth. 情不自禁，忍不住L can t help (to) do sth. 不能幫忙做某事廣 be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了 consider - to be 認(rèn)為是L consider doing考慮做某事動(dòng)詞本身意義不變，跟不定式被動(dòng)式和動(dòng)名詞意義相同want, need, require接動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義，接不定式就要用被動(dòng)式，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)與 動(dòng)名詞之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系These young trees require looking after（=to be looked aft

12、er ）The matter needs thinking over（=to be thought over）.下列動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)s stop to do 停下來(lái)，要做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）Lstop doing 停止做（動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）go on to do接著做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）Lgo on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事（動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）4.有些動(dòng)詞后要用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows.A. it what

13、 to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it【解析】本題考查“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)do with 的用法。答案 C(三)非謂語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”；分詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”。Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我們的計(jì)劃是讓這件事成為秘密。Their job is making wheelchairs for disab

14、led people.他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.這個(gè)美麗的村莊仍未外界所知?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”的?，F(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。如：This dog is frightening.這條狗讓人害怕。（說(shuō)明狗的特征）This dog is frightened.這條狗有些害

15、怕。（說(shuō)明狗的心理狀態(tài)）Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我們都全累壞了。（tiring 說(shuō)明climbing的特征，tired說(shuō)明我們的狀態(tài)）注意：在下列句中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具體的語(yǔ)法功能What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建議的是降價(jià)促銷。（不定式作表語(yǔ)， 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”）My American teacher is to leave China

16、soon.我的美國(guó)老師即將離開中國(guó)。（不定式作表語(yǔ)，表示將來(lái)）Her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顧小孩。（現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”）She is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。（構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)正在執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作）The cup is broken.杯子碎了。（過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)）The cup was broken by Peter. 杯子是被彼得打壞的。（構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者）（四）非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)1.理解下表中所列的關(guān)系非謂語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系

17、與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系不定式主動(dòng)關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后發(fā)生小帶to的不定式表不動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)關(guān)系同時(shí)進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)關(guān)系動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或表示狀態(tài)When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.（主動(dòng)進(jìn)行）I saw him go to the cinema.（主動(dòng)，全過(guò)程）We heard her singing next door.（主動(dòng)進(jìn)行）We heard the song sung by her next door.（被動(dòng)完成）We heard the song being sung next door.（被動(dòng)進(jìn)行）2.下列動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)必須以用不定式作

18、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect,remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +賓語(yǔ)+不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)advise/allow/permit/forbid +動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) What did the librarian out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to ta

19、keD. insist being takenI don t allow in my office and I don t allow my family at all.A. to smoke - smokingB. smoking to smokeC to smoke - to smokeD. smoking - smoking答案：BB.在think, consider, find 等動(dòng)詞后常用to be + adj.結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，有時(shí) to be省 略。We all discover him （to be） kind and honest.幾個(gè)特別的結(jié)構(gòu)have+賓語(yǔ) +do/doi

20、ng/done“have +賓語(yǔ)+ do sth ”意為“讓/叫/使某人做某事”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的have是使役動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)后的do sth 是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板經(jīng)常要他們一天工作14個(gè)小時(shí)。“have +賓語(yǔ)+ doing ”意為“叫/讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生”。賓語(yǔ)后面用現(xiàn) 在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn) 行。Don t have the dog barking much , Lilin. 李林，別讓狗狂吠不停?！癶ave +賓語(yǔ)

21、+done”意為“讓/叫/使/請(qǐng)別人做某事”或者是“遭受 /遭遇了，此 時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是無(wú)意中的受害者，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者”的意思。賓語(yǔ)后面用過(guò)去分詞作賓 語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。We had the machine mended just now.我們剛才請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球時(shí)腿受了 傷。get+ 賓語(yǔ) +to do/doing/done三種結(jié)構(gòu)的意義請(qǐng)參看上述have+賓語(yǔ)+do/doing/done ”的意義解釋。He got his sister to help

22、him with his clothes.他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。Can you really get that old clock going again你真的能讓那輛舊鐘再走起來(lái)嗎？Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.多麗絲在醫(yī)院把壞牙拔了。catch sb. doing sth逮住某人干某事If she catches me reading her diary,she ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會(huì)憤怒的。 make + oneself + doneoneself與其后的過(guò)去分詞存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，或者

23、說(shuō)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.他提高了嗓門為了 使另1J人聽(tīng)清他的講話。（五）非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn).理解下表中所列的關(guān)系分類形式與被修飾詞的邏輯關(guān)系與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系不定式to do動(dòng)賓關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作后發(fā)生“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)，表示主謂關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作前或者后發(fā)生to be done被動(dòng)關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作后發(fā)生現(xiàn)在 分詞doing主動(dòng)關(guān)系與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行being done被動(dòng)關(guān)系與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行過(guò)去done被動(dòng)關(guān)系在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生分詞存在的狀態(tài)或情況It is a

24、good chance to practice your spoken English.這是練習(xí)你的口語(yǔ)的好機(jī)會(huì)。He was the last one to leave the office.他是最后一個(gè)離開辦公室的。The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那邊的那個(gè)婦女是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year willbe our new library.(將要建的)The house bein

25、g built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.(正在建的)The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.(已經(jīng)建成的)I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜歡讀魯迅寫的小說(shuō)。.動(dòng)詞不定式尾后的介詞不能丟When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person.A. to send B. for sending

26、it C. to send it to D. for sending it to【解析】該題中須用不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，排除 B和D;答案A中，沒(méi)有to就意味著 是把George這個(gè)人打發(fā)走。本句意思是將該報(bào)告送給這個(gè)人一George, it指這 個(gè)報(bào)告，因此to不能少。答案Q(六)非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn).理解下表中所列的關(guān)系非謂語(yǔ)與邏輯主語(yǔ)（即句子的主語(yǔ)）的關(guān)系與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系doing （一般式）作狀語(yǔ)主動(dòng)關(guān)系（幾乎）與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行having done （完成式）作狀語(yǔ)主動(dòng)關(guān)系先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生having been done （完成被 動(dòng)式）作狀語(yǔ)被動(dòng)關(guān)系先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生done （

27、過(guò)去分詞）作狀語(yǔ)被動(dòng)關(guān)系已經(jīng)在過(guò)去發(fā)生或是 不十分強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library,we were then takento see the laboratory.Seen （=Whe

28、n the town is seen） from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked （=When he was locked） up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.too to，enough to do ，onlyto等結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果The boy is too young to join the navy.這男孩太小參不了海軍。The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.這廳大得足以容納一千人。They

29、 lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他們搬起石頭結(jié)果卻砸了 自己的腳。注意：動(dòng)詞作結(jié)果作狀語(yǔ)表示未曾預(yù)料的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示自然而然或必 然的結(jié)果。Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)的附著規(guī)則使用分詞（短語(yǔ)）作句子狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有一條規(guī)則必須遵守：即分詞（短語(yǔ)）的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，否則句子就是錯(cuò)句。from th

30、e top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see【解析】此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是 TOC o 1-5 h z 被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。答案A。對(duì)比： Seeing from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.主要：已經(jīng)成為固定用法的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）不需要

31、遵守這條附著規(guī)則 常見(jiàn)的的有：considering（鑒于 /考慮到）,judging by/from （從來(lái)看，依據(jù)來(lái)判斷 ），supposing that （假定），providing that （假定）,according to （依據(jù)）,including （包括）,owing to （由于）,talking/speaking of （談及）given （考慮到）,provided that （如果）.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯主語(yǔ)+不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.

32、今天我先給你寄100美元。其余的錢一年內(nèi)陸續(xù)寄過(guò)去。Weather permitting, I ll go to the park with my parents on Sunday.如果天氣允許，星期天我將和爸媽去公園。All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.考慮到所有的情況，原來(lái)計(jì)劃好的旅行不得不取消。 with（without）+賓語(yǔ)+不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞With a lot of difficult problems to settle ,the newlyelected preside

33、nt ishaving a hard time.有很多難題要解決新任總統(tǒng)日子可不好過(guò)！Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.由于沒(méi)有東西吃，他餓死了。The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.每天長(zhǎng)江上各種船只來(lái)來(lái)往往顯得格外忙碌。Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks.如果不另給我們時(shí)間的話，我們?nèi)瞧谥畠?nèi)完成不了

34、任務(wù)。With everything well arranged, he left the office.一切都安排妥善之后，他離開了辦公室。（七）不定式的省略不定式的省略我們可以分作兩種，一種是對(duì)不定式符號(hào)“ to”的省略 （如：makesb. dosth等）；另一種則是不定式符號(hào)“ to ”后省略實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的形式。這兒講的是第二種情況（又稱不定式符號(hào)to的替代作用）。常見(jiàn)情形有： would/should like/love to, used to, have to, ought to, be going to, be ableto, be willing to等后面的 to 均為不定式符號(hào)

35、，重復(fù)時(shí)可省略to后該不定式短語(yǔ)。如：一Could you lend me your dictionary?能把你的詞典借給我嗎？一 Id like to （lend you my dictionary）.行。動(dòng)詞 afford, agree, expect, forget, hope, intend, manage, need, pretend, refuse,try, want, wish 等后面常接不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，重復(fù)時(shí)可省略to后該賓語(yǔ)。如：You may ask him for help if you want to (ask him for help).如果你愿意，可以請(qǐng)他幫你。

36、動(dòng)詞 allow, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, tell, persuade 等后面常接不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，重復(fù)時(shí)可省略to后該賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I ll go to her birthday party if she invites me to (go to her birthday party).如果她邀請(qǐng)我參加她的生日聚會(huì)，我會(huì)去。(八)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般說(shuō)來(lái)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)要么就是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，要么就是被它所修飾的中 心詞。但是有時(shí)需要明確非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這時(shí)就要標(biāo)明它的邏輯

37、 主語(yǔ)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，具有名詞特性，其邏輯主語(yǔ)由“名詞所有格或 形容詞性物主代詞”表示，放在動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)之前。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)不在句首時(shí)，也可由 “名詞普通格或代詞賓格表示。Helen s/ Her being absent made the teacher very angry.海倫 / 她沒(méi)來(lái)上課，讓老師很生氣。They insisted on my/me speaking at the meeting.他們堅(jiān)持要我在會(huì)上發(fā)言。形容詞+for + 名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式形容詞通常表示事物的性質(zhì)It is necessary for you to finish the work

38、 before Friday.你們有必要在星期五前做完這項(xiàng)工作。His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是讓我們乘不同的車去旅游。形容詞+of+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征How careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase!他真不小心，把如此貴重的花瓶打破了。It s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，沖進(jìn)著火的大樓里救這個(gè)嬰兒（九）關(guān)于there b

39、e 的非謂語(yǔ)形式there be非謂語(yǔ)形式可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ).作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用 there to be結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用there being。能這樣用的及物動(dòng)詞為:expect , like , mean, intend , want , prefer , hate 等，如：We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我們不希望有任何同志掉隊(duì)。They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。We have no objection to there b

40、eing a meeting here. 我們并不反對(duì)在這里開會(huì)。.作狀語(yǔ)多用there being 結(jié)構(gòu)，但若置于介詞for之后要用there to beThere being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近沒(méi)有人，我只得獨(dú)自干了。（原因狀語(yǔ)）It s too early for there to be anybody up語(yǔ)）There having been no rain for a long time因?yàn)楹瞄L(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)下雨了，地面非常干燥。3.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以，但如是用forIt is not uncommonfor

41、there to be problems of communication老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問(wèn)題是很常見(jiàn)的。.太早了，還不會(huì)有人起床。（作程度狀,the ground was very dry.（原因狀語(yǔ)）引導(dǎo)則要用there to be.between old and young.There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.校園內(nèi)有幼兒園對(duì)女教師十分方便。考點(diǎn)1辨別謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)Please do me a favor my friend Mr. Smith to Yout

42、h Theater at 7:30 tonight.A. to inviteB. invitingC. inviteD. invited【解析】答案為 Co該題目把祈使句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及破折號(hào)的作用綜合到一起來(lái)進(jìn)行考察查。句意：請(qǐng)幫我個(gè)忙一一邀請(qǐng)我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7點(diǎn)半到青年劇院。破折號(hào)后是一個(gè)祈使句?？键c(diǎn)2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作各種成分的區(qū)別1.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別I can t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talkingwhile she works.A. working , stoppingB. to work, stop

43、pingC. working,to stopD. to work , to stop【解析】答案為Co stand在這里表示“忍受”，后面要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而“ refuse ”要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 Isnt it time you got down to thepapers?A. markB. be markedC. being markedD.marking【解析】答案為 Dgot down to ”中的“to”是介詞因而要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而動(dòng)名詞“marking”與其邏輯主語(yǔ)“ you”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。There is a new problem invol ved in the popul

44、arity of private cars road conditions need.A. that, to be improvedB. which , to be improvedC. where, improvingD. when, improving【解析】答案為 Ao因?yàn)椤肮窢顩r需要改善，“ need”后接“improving ”或“to beimproved都可以。后面的從句應(yīng)是problem”的同位語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用that 引導(dǎo)。 Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She triedalone, butshe didn t li

45、ke it and moved backhome.A. livinglivedH. io liveC. to be living D.having【解析】答案為 Ao try doing sth. 意為“試著做某事；try to do sth. 意為“盡力去做某事”。句意：蘇姍不想依賴父母。她試著一個(gè)人生活，但不喜歡這樣，又搬回家 去了。All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show.A. to goB. goingC. to have goneD. havinggone【

46、解析】答案為 Bo consider doing 意為“考慮做某事”。.作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別Tom sounds very much in the job, but I m not sure whether he can manageit.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestinglyD.interestedly【解析】答案為 A sound”是連系動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)使用形容詞化的分詞作表語(yǔ)。C D備選項(xiàng)都是副詞，應(yīng)排除。interest ”的現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，意思是“令人 感興趣的”；過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，意思是“感興趣的”。Pleas e rema

47、in ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to beseated【解析】答案為 Bo seat是及物動(dòng)詞，be seated=sit down。此處seated=sitting ”。 “remain seated ”保持坐著的狀態(tài)。句意為：請(qǐng)各位在座位上坐著；獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吆芸炀蜁?huì)宣布的。.作賓語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)）補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別 The teacher asked us so much noise.A. don t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to

48、make【解析】答案為Do在動(dòng)詞“ask”后面用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其否定形式是“ not to do”。一Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute.I ll have Bob you to your roo m.A. showB. showsC. to showD. showing1解析】答案為A. have sb. do意為.命令或安排某人做某事才 .根據(jù)提供的情景可判新出讓Bob帶你到房間去.*hav。狙doing sth/表示.使某人一直處于朝狀態(tài)中. A cook will be immediately fired if he w

49、as foundin kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked【解析】答案為Bo “find ”后接現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此句中“smoking”是主語(yǔ)“he”的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。表示主動(dòng)的正在發(fā)生的事。根據(jù)“ immediately 可判斷出“廚師當(dāng)場(chǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙會(huì)被立即開除”。 To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear Englishasmuch as we can.A. speakB. speakingC.spokenD. to speak【解析】

50、答案為C。此處考查hear+賓語(yǔ)+do/doing/done ”的結(jié)構(gòu)。因?yàn)椤?English ”是“被說(shuō)“，故用過(guò)去分詞（spoken）作賓補(bǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。4.作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別 If there is a lot of work,Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC.doneD. doing【解析】答案為A “work”和“do”雖然存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但主語(yǔ)“ I ”和“ do”存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，此時(shí)用“ to do ”做后置定語(yǔ)。 When I handed the report

51、to John, he said that George was the personA. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD.for sending it to【解析】答案為Co該題中須用不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，排除B和D選項(xiàng)；答案A項(xiàng)意為“送喬治這個(gè)人走”，顯然不符合題意。而應(yīng)該是將報(bào)告送給“喬治這個(gè)人”才符合題意。“it ”指這個(gè)報(bào)告。后面的介詞“to不能少。一The last onepays the meal.Agreed!A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arrive D. arriving【解析】答案為 Co the

52、last/next/first.后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)。 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Gamesin Beijing in 2008.A. holdB. holdingC. heldD. to be held【解析】答案為 Db非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)的三種情況:the meeting to be held意為“即將召開的會(huì)議；the meeting held 意為“已經(jīng)召開的會(huì)議”；the meeting beingheld是“正在召開的會(huì)議”的意思。很顯然當(dāng)時(shí)（2006 年）“the 29th OlympicGames還沒(méi)有召開，故選D項(xiàng)。R

53、eading is an experience qui tedifferent from watching TV; thereare picturesin your mind instead ofbefore your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formed【解析】答案為 Co根據(jù)本題提供的語(yǔ)境，“看書時(shí)有畫面在大腦中形成?！倍渲杏兄^語(yǔ)“there are:所以本應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可排除 B項(xiàng)。又因?yàn)椤翱磿耐瑫r(shí)就會(huì)形成，排除A、D選項(xiàng)，故選C項(xiàng)作定語(yǔ)。 At the beginning of class, the noise of d

54、esks could be heard outside theclassroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close【解析】答案為 Co參看上面的例。The Town Hall in the 1800 s was the most distinguished building at thattime.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed【解

55、析】答案為Co參看上面例的簡(jiǎn)析。一Can those at ihc back of the C I U.S S room hear me? No problem.A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat【解析】答案為 Co “sit ”為不及物動(dòng)詞，可用“ sitting ”作定語(yǔ)；“seat”為及物動(dòng)詞， 常與反身代詞連用或用“be seated”形式。這里seat與those”構(gòu)成邏輯上 的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) =those who are seated 。5.作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別He hurried to the booking office only that al

56、l the tickets has been sold out.A. to be told B. to tellC. toldD.telling【解析】答案為 Ao “only ”后接不定式表示出人意料的結(jié)果。Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a recordUS $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】答案為 B。從句意來(lái)分析，主句部分表示油價(jià)上漲了百分之三十二，逗號(hào)

57、后面的內(nèi)容為油價(jià)上漲后的必然結(jié)果“達(dá)到記錄”The storm left ,a 10t of damage to this area .A. caused B. to have caused C. to causeD. havingcaused【解析】答案為 Db因“The storm”與“cause”存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除選項(xiàng)A;不定式作狀語(yǔ)，前面通常不用逗號(hào)，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；因暴風(fēng)雨給這個(gè)地區(qū)“造成損失”是在“結(jié)束”之前，所以用完成式?！癥ou can t catch me! ” Janet shouted,away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran【解

58、析】答案為 Bo arunning away在此作shouted”的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，由珍妮特發(fā)出這一動(dòng) 作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail出 辰iMllC. To failD. Havingfailed【解析】答案為Do非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。且“沒(méi)有打動(dòng)電話”在“發(fā)電子郵件”前已經(jīng)發(fā)生。用現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)式的完成式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird s Nest forthe 2008 Olympic

59、Games.A. Having shown B. To be shownC. Having been shown D. To show【解析】答案為Co “show”與“take”之間有明顯的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系，且句子的主語(yǔ)與“show構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故該空格處用完成式的被動(dòng)形式。in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dressC. Dressing D. Having dressed【解析】答案為Ao dress”是及物動(dòng)詞，其用法為dress sb./oneself（表動(dòng)作）

60、、bedressed in （表狀態(tài)）”。“dress”與“he”之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put【解析】答案為 A。句子的主語(yǔ)是“the hotline ”與“投入使用”存在著邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 而且表示過(guò)去的事情，所以排除D項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)3分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)的附著規(guī)則 Faced with a bi