高考英語精選備考題庫系列含詳解閱讀理解六

1、2012高考英語精選備考題庫系列（含詳解） 閱讀理解（六）備戰(zhàn)2012高考，精選閱讀200篇，適合高三上學(xué)期使用，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。（2011年8月）工When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation （報(bào)告）.Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate （ 交流 ）effectively. Edmo

2、nds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president ; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck

3、, and his mother worked as a waitress. A great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high school , Baltimore City College. After graduating in 1967, Edmonds went on to Morgan State University.Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined

4、 the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （國(guó)會(huì)議員）from Baltimore. During Bill Clinton s presidency, spewches for Health and Human ServicesSecretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed（任命）hi

5、m to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections, Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school s special assistant to the president fo202K20 1語篇解讀文章主要介紹美國(guó)總統(tǒng)演講稿撰寫人J.Terry Edmonds的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?Edmonds proved

6、 himself to be good at writing at high school.Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967.Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.Edmonds served the White House after 2000.解析 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 根據(jù)第二段第二句.Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high school Baltimore City College.可知Edmonds上中學(xué)時(shí)就表現(xiàn)出

7、了寫作天賦，故選 A。答案AEdmonds entered the world of politics first as.news secretary for a congressmana speechwriter for President Clintonnews secretary in the White Housea speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala解析 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句He joined the world of politics as news secretaryfor his congressman同會(huì)議員 from B

8、altimore.可知答案為 A。答案AThe text is most likely to be found in a book about.A. popular scienceB. historical eventsC. successful peopleD. political systems解析推理判斷題。本文主要是介紹Edmonds的成功經(jīng)歷，故本題選C。答案COutside her shabby cottage, old Mrs. Tailor was hanging out laundry on a wire line, unaware that some children la

9、y hidden in the leaves of a nearby tree watching her every move. They were determined to find out if she really was a witch.They watched as she took a broomstick to clean the dirt from her stone steps. But, much to their disappointment, she did not mount the broomstick and take flight. Suddenly , th

10、e old lady s work was interrupted by the cackling of her hen a signal that-an egg had been laid in the warm nest on top of the haystack.The old broomstick was put aside as she hobbled off towards the haystack followed by Sooty, a black cat she had rescued from a fox trap some time back. With only th

11、ree legs, it was hard for Sooty to keep up with the old lady. The cat provided proof the children were sure that only a witch would own a black cat with three legs.There , standing on a wooden box, was Mrs. Tailor, stretching out to gather her precious egg. Taking the egg in one of her hands, she be

12、gan to climb down when, without warning, the box broke and the old lady fell.“We have to go and help her, “ whispered Amy.What if it is a trick? ” replied Ben.“Don be silly, Ben. If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already, “ reasoned Meg. Come on Amy, let s go. The girls climbe

13、d down the tree and ran all the way to the haystack.Approaching carefully, they could see a wound on the old lady face. She h ad knocked her head on a stone and her ankle was definitely broken.Go anmgeteDad to herbrother. Tell him about the accident. ”The boys did not need another excuse to leave. T

14、hey ran as fast as they could for help, hoping that Mrs. Tailor would not wake and turn the girls into frogs.語篇解讀孩子們對(duì)住在破舊房舍里的、 用掃帚柄掃臺(tái)階的、 后面跟著一只黑色的三條 腿的貓的Old Mrs.Tailor是不是巫師很感興趣， 于是躲在附近的樹上偷偷觀察， 結(jié)果如何呢？ 本文的寓意又是什么呢？Why were the children hiding in the tree?They wanted to watch Mrs. Tailor do her housewor

15、k closely.They were playing a hide-and-seek game.They wanted to find out if the rumors about Mrs. Tailor were true.They were pretending to be spies.解析 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由首段尾句 They were determined to find out if she really was a witch.可知孩子們想看看人們對(duì)老太太是巫師的傳言是否是真的。答案CMrs. Tailor stopped sweeping when.her front steps

16、 were cleanshe noticed the children in the treeshe was ready to take a flightshe heard the hen cackling解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段倒數(shù)最后一句可知答案為D。答案DBen did not rush to help Mrs. Tailor because.he thought that she could be tricking themhe knew that they should not have been in the treehe did not see the old lady fall

17、 downhe was afraid of the three-legged cat解析推理判斷題。從文中描述的內(nèi)容可知，Ben認(rèn)為Mrs. Tailor是一個(gè)巫師，他認(rèn)為可能是 Mrs. Tailor在使詭計(jì)，所以在兩個(gè)女孩子前去救助時(shí)，他依然沒有奔向前去幫助Mrs. Tailor。答案AWhich of these old sayings best suits the story s lesson for us?Make hay while the sun shines.Never judge a book by its cover.People in glasshouses should

18、 not throw stones.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可以推知，作者想告訴我們不要以貌取人或僅從事物的表象來判斷事物”。答案BAndrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “ like a magic carpet.You could fold itaupd put it into your pocket or handbag ” .

19、 Then he paused “ But you ll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.”It was a rare indeed uniqueoccasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor , William Henry James Grout , did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, pred

20、ictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout Wonderful Bag, a leather case.Grout s aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train.Now doesn t that soundfamiliar? Grout intended

21、to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage： in Grout s day tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn d o the s

22、ame with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated（充氣的）tyre.So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse（B圓）.Throughout, the tyre remains

23、inflated.Will the young Fitzsimons s folding wheel make it into production? I haven t the foggiesidea. But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It as silly a concept now as it w

24、as 100-years-ago : there s plenty still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than 1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane minus wheels, of course as hand baggag

25、e.Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie s imagination? No. But it s progress.語篇解讀一位發(fā)明家想要發(fā)明折疊自行車的話，最大的困難是如何折疊輪子。其實(shí) 19世紀(jì)的一位發(fā)明家在當(dāng)年已經(jīng)做到了，令人欣喜的是現(xiàn)在又有人想出了折疊輪子的辦法。 我們都在期待著。We can infer from Paragraph 1 that thc Brompton folding bike.was p

26、ortablehad a folding wheelcould be put in a pocketlooked like a magic carpet解析推理判斷題。這種自行車的特點(diǎn)是便于攜帶，而不是呈地毯狀或?yàn)榈氖悄芊胚M(jìn)口袋，故不能選C或D。答案AWe can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable.were difficult to separatecould be split into 6 pieceswere fitted with solid tyreswere hard to carry on a tra

27、in解析 推理判斷題。從文章第三段 And importantly.in Grout , tyredayere solid. 可得知答案。他的折疊方法只適合當(dāng)時(shí)的固體輪胎。答案CWe can learn from the text that Fitzsimons s invention.kept the tyre as a whole piecewas made into production soonleft little room for improvementchanged our views on bag design解析推理判斷題。從文章第四段squashed into.like a

28、 slender ellips河得知答案?！贝鸢窤Which of the following would be the best title for the text?Three folding bike inventorsThe making of a folding bikeProgress in folding bike designWays of separating a bike wheel解析主旨大意題。全文講述了不同時(shí)期的三位發(fā)明家對(duì)折疊自行車的探索。故選Co答案C4)We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art

29、 class.“You could win prizes our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing, “ The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. ”We stu

30、died the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that t

31、en-dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. Im going to spendmine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich.Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored constru

32、ction paper. Some of us used big designs, and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our poster and let the space draw the viewer s attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students desks athen return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness

33、.It was yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of, making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then always always rewarding the same old winners.I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the

34、 very best of all of the posters I had seen, and then I turned it in.Minutes passed.No one came along to give me the grand prize, and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.I was still sitting at my desk, thinking, What poster?when the teacher gav

35、e me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.語篇解讀本文描述了在五年級(jí)美術(shù)課的一次海報(bào)設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽中，作者出乎意料地取得了第一名的經(jīng)歷。What was the teacher s requirement for the poster?It must appear in time.It must be done in class.It must be done on a construction sheet.It must include the words on

36、the blackboard.解析 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段 .makesure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster.可知；老師的要求是黑板上的內(nèi)容需在海報(bào)中出現(xiàn)。答案DThe underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means.formed an idea formade an outline formade some space forchose some colors for解析猜測(cè)詞義題。第三段中conjure up意為 想起；使呈現(xiàn)于腦際”。

37、從對(duì)稱的結(jié) 構(gòu) “Some.while we conjured up our designs. 與下文的 Others.while deep in thought. 可以 猜測(cè)出該詞詞義。答案AAfter the teacher s words, all the students in the class.looked very seriousthought they would be richbegan to think about their designsbegan to play games解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段生動(dòng)、形象地描寫了同學(xué)們思考時(shí)的各種動(dòng)作。答案CAfter seeing

38、the good students designs, some students.loved their own designs morethought they had a fair chanceput their own designs in a cornerthought they would not win the prize解析 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第四段 .wander past the good students desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness可知： 看至U優(yōu)秀

39、學(xué)生作品后，另夕卜 些學(xué)生對(duì)自己這次的參賽作品信心更加不足了。答案DWe can infer from the passage that the author.At enjoyed grown up tricks very mucliloved poster competitions very muchfelt surprised to win the competitionbecame wise and rich after the competition解析推理判斷題。最后三段描寫了作者焦急地等待比賽結(jié)果的心情，所以對(duì)于不自信的作者來說，這次比賽的結(jié)果讓他很吃驚。答案CFew laws a

40、re so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled to $1.01 per packsmokers have jammed telephone “ quit lines “ acrosstklyeseeking to kick the habit.This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They

41、 studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve pub

42、lic health, they raise money and most particularly, the deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate oftaxation varies widely.In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation , a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.0

43、6 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S. C. , where the a cent a pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.The influence is obvious.In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys - 13. 8%, far below the national average. By comparison,26% of high school s

44、tudents smoke in Kentucky. Other low tax states have similarly depressing teen smoking records.Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low- income Americans “ who choose to smoke. ”That s teu But there is mor

45、e reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit,they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.語篇解讀煙草稅增加后，取得了立竿見影的效果一一許多煙民紛紛戒煙。然而

46、有些地 方卻對(duì)此充耳不聞，中學(xué)生吸煙的比例居高不下。本文讓我們意識(shí)到：從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看，通過增加 煙草稅而使人們戒煙是澤被千家萬戶的大事。The text is mainly about.the price of cigarettesthe rate of teen smokingthe effect of tobacco tax increasethe differences in tobacco tax rate解析主旨大意題。本文主要談?wù)摰氖菬煵荻愒黾雍笕〉玫拿黠@效果以及給人們帶來的 益處。A、B、D均為文章的某一方面。答案CWhat does the author think is a sur

47、prise?Teen smokers are price sensitive.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.Tobacco taxes improve public health.Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段第一句可知，唯一讓人吃驚的是，有些州對(duì)此充耳不聞， 也就是繼續(xù)保持低煙草稅。答案BThe underlined word “ deter in Paragraph 3 most probably means.A. discourageB. remo

48、veC. benefitD. free解析猜測(cè)詞義題。由語境可知，煙草稅會(huì)改善公眾的健康，籌集資金，特別是能讓青少年放棄吸煙的習(xí)慣。答案ARogers attitude towards the kncome smokers might be that of.A. toleranceB. unconcernC. doubtD. sympathy解析推理判斷題。Roger認(rèn)為高煙草稅是把稅收負(fù)擔(dān)加到了低收入的煙民身上，故應(yīng) 該持同情態(tài)度。答案DWhat can we learn from the last paragraph?The new tax will be beneficial in th

49、e long run.Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.Future generations will be hooked on smoking.Adults will depend more on their families.解析推理判斷題。由全文最后一句可知，增加煙草稅促使煙民戒煙，可讓他們有更多 的時(shí)間與家人團(tuán)聚，減少癌癥和心臟病的發(fā)病率，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看，是一件有益的事情。答案AHow Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingsArchitects have long had the fe

50、eling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical （經(jīng)驗(yàn)的, 實(shí)證的 ） basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.Researches show that aspects of

51、the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota , reported that the height of a room s ceilingaffects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abst

52、ract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced

53、the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory

54、 at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores ontests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classroomsprimarily overlooked roads and parking lots.Recent study

55、 on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.So

56、 far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. We have a very limited numberof studies, so we realmost looking at the problem through a straw （吸管），architect David Allison says. Howdo you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That s what we re all

57、struggling with. ”語篇解讀建筑師認(rèn)為房子的設(shè)計(jì)可影響居住者的思想、情緒、行為，對(duì)此科學(xué)家進(jìn)行 了理論上的論證。What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?A. Light.B. Ceilings.C. Windows.D. Furniture.解析 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 由第二段 .the height of a room s ceiling affects how people think. 可知選Bo答案BThe passage tells us that.the shape of furniture may affec

58、t people s feelingslower ceilings may help improve students creativitychildren in a dim classroom may improve their gradesstudents in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。B、C均屬于與事實(shí)相反的選項(xiàng)；D項(xiàng)屬于移花接木式的錯(cuò)誤，由文章倒數(shù)第二段最后 句furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax 可知。”答案AThe underline

59、d sentence in the last paragraph probably means that.the problem is not approached step by stepthe researches so far have faults in themselvesthe problem is too difficult for researchers to detectresearch in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns解析 猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù) Wehave a very limited number

60、 of studies.及“Howdo you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of hem?”可知， 對(duì)這 個(gè)地區(qū)的研究不足以制定出大眾化的模式。答案DWhich of the following shows the organization of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point （次要點(diǎn)）C: Conclusion解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)先總述房子的設(shè)計(jì)影響人的創(chuàng)造性、專注性以及休閑性，再分述這三方面，