M2M移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)架研究報告

1、-PAGE . z. - - . 可修編 專業(yè)英語 題 目 M2M移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)架研究 -. z摘 要文章對M2M業(yè)務(wù)特征和MTC通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)進展了探討。首先詳細分析M2M業(yè)務(wù)特征以及對現(xiàn)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)的影響；然后借鑒國際標準組織提出的M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)，并在此根底上根據(jù)現(xiàn)階段的網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)狀和M2M業(yè)務(wù)需求提出了3G網(wǎng)絡(luò)階段適用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】M2M 網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu) PCRF 核心網(wǎng) 專用網(wǎng)元1 引言物物通信M2M，Machine to Machine是一種涉及一個或多個實體的不需要人為干預(yù)的數(shù)據(jù)通信，也稱為機器類型通信MTC，Machine-Type munication。隨著M2M業(yè)務(wù)的快速開展，基于移動

2、通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的MTC正日益成為一種主要的移動通信方式，但是傳統(tǒng)移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)畢竟是面向人人通信H2H，Hu-man to human業(yè)務(wù)設(shè)計的，適應(yīng)H2H的業(yè)務(wù)需求，卻不能滿足M2M業(yè)務(wù)需求。具體來說，MTC和傳統(tǒng)人人通信的不同之處包括以下方面1：1基于MTC通信的應(yīng)用場景比H2H通信的場景豐富很多，而且具有差異性。根據(jù)功能特性劃分大致可歸納為位置感知和共享、環(huán)境信息感知、遠程控制與執(zhí)行、數(shù)據(jù)收集發(fā)布、視頻監(jiān)控、近場通信等。這些應(yīng)用的差異化一方面表現(xiàn)為功能上的多樣性；另一方面也表達在應(yīng)用特征以及對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的需求上的差異化。2數(shù)據(jù)通信為主，包括小流量數(shù)據(jù)包、視頻流等。3要求MTC通信本錢比H2H更低。由于

3、M2M業(yè)務(wù)是在H2H業(yè)務(wù)之后開展起來的，最小化本錢是M2M業(yè)務(wù)生存的重要考慮。不同的應(yīng)用因其重要性不同，對通信的要求也是不同的，需要結(jié)合事件發(fā)生的可能性和需要付出的通信等綜合本錢來考慮進展本錢的最小化。4M2M終端數(shù)目巨大，需要更靈活和有策略的終端管理。潛在的海量M2M終端接入通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而且M2M終端無論是從傳輸特性、QoS要求和移動性，還是從終端的分布密度方面，都與H2H終端有很大不同。5以小數(shù)據(jù)量傳輸為主。如果繼續(xù)使用傳統(tǒng)移動通信系統(tǒng)來進展MTC通信，其系統(tǒng)的效率、本錢和適用性都無法到達最優(yōu)。因此，在考慮M2M業(yè)務(wù)特征的同時減少對H2H業(yè)務(wù)的影響，從而設(shè)計MTC專用的通信系統(tǒng)，是當前物物通

4、信不斷開展背景下的一個重要課題。2 M2M業(yè)務(wù)特征分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)的設(shè)計，需要以網(wǎng)絡(luò)所承載的具體業(yè)務(wù)為出發(fā)點2。也就是說，M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)的設(shè)計需要充分分析M2M業(yè)務(wù)特征和需求，結(jié)合終端上下行數(shù)據(jù)量、頻度、QoS需求等方面的業(yè)務(wù)特征，將物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用分為如下五類。其中，對各類應(yīng)用的局部需求和特征進展了分析，包括移動性、群組通信、鑒權(quán)以及按方案周期性處理等，不同場景間有較大差異。1監(jiān)控報警類：傳感器本地監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，當發(fā)生不符合預(yù)期的數(shù)據(jù)變化時通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)通知應(yīng)用層進展報警。平均數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率：低，僅在*些觸發(fā)條件下發(fā)送少量上行數(shù)據(jù)流量。尖峰數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求確定的傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)容有關(guān)。Qo

5、S要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求以及當前數(shù)據(jù)所代表的含義有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)平安要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)可靠傳遞要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)持續(xù)性：低，僅在發(fā)生預(yù)置的事件時存在短暫的或者持續(xù)時間較短的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。與人交互性：低，通常由系統(tǒng)根據(jù)預(yù)置處理方式自動處理。對連接性的需求：需要監(jiān)控連接性以防破壞或無效。終端移動性：因無下行流量需求，所以無移動性需求。舉例：輸血車血液環(huán)境監(jiān)測；井蓋監(jiān)控；移動資產(chǎn)跟蹤。2數(shù)據(jù)收集類平均數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率上行流量：中，數(shù)據(jù)量較大，持續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)上報或者周期性數(shù)據(jù)上報；下行流量：低，更多的是用于修改上報規(guī)則等。尖峰數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率：不同

6、場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求確定的傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)容有關(guān)。QoS要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求以及當前數(shù)據(jù)所代表的含義有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)平安要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)可靠傳遞要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)持續(xù)性：取決于數(shù)據(jù)傳輸間隔和傳輸方式的選擇。論文網(wǎng)與人交互性：低，通常由系統(tǒng)根據(jù)預(yù)置處理方式自動處理。對連接性的需求：需要監(jiān)控連接性以防破壞或無效。終端移動性：因偶爾有下行數(shù)據(jù)，所以需要優(yōu)化的移動性管理。舉例：氣象信息監(jiān)測；火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)收集；路況信息收集。3信息推送類平均數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率上行流量：通常較低，主要用于提供給用所需的過濾或輸入條件如位置信息；下行流量：

7、通常較大，主要用于傳遞所推送的信息如廣告、視頻媒體等，持續(xù)的、基于交互等外界條件出發(fā)的或者周期性的數(shù)據(jù)推送。尖峰數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率：具有明顯的尖峰數(shù)據(jù)特征，在條件觸發(fā)后下發(fā)匹配的信息。QoS要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求以及當前數(shù)據(jù)所代表的含義有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)平安要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)可靠傳遞要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)持續(xù)性：通常具有較長時間的持續(xù)性。與人交互性：高，通常用戶會做出反應(yīng)，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)反應(yīng)對推送的信息進展調(diào)整。對連接性的需求：較強，需要維護網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接以便于進展數(shù)據(jù)的正確傳輸。終端移動性：兩極分化。局部終端有很強的移動性；局部終端則通常不移動。

8、舉例：智能博物館等。4視頻監(jiān)控類平均數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率上行流量：高，主要用于傳遞所監(jiān)控的多媒體數(shù)據(jù)；下行流量：低，主要用于傳遞控制和調(diào)節(jié)命令等。尖峰數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率：無明顯的尖峰數(shù)據(jù)特征，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸通常維持一個相對穩(wěn)定的傳輸速率。QoS要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)平安要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)可靠傳遞要求：不同時刻有不同的要求。如在正常情況下要求適中，但一旦發(fā)生*些預(yù)置的事件則需要較高的可靠性傳遞。數(shù)據(jù)持續(xù)性：通常具有長時間的持續(xù)性。與人交互性：低，用戶偶爾會對視頻監(jiān)控過程進展干預(yù)。對連接性的需求：較強，需要維護網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接以便于進展數(shù)據(jù)的正確傳輸。終端移動性：兩極分

9、化。局部終端有很強的移動性；局部終端則通常不移動。舉例：家庭安防中的視頻監(jiān)控等。5遠程控制執(zhí)行器類平均數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率上行流量：通常較低，主要用于提供給用所需的過濾或輸入條件如預(yù)置事件的發(fā)生；下行流量：取決于控制對象和控制命令的復(fù)雜程度。尖峰數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率：通常具有明顯的尖峰數(shù)據(jù)特征。QoS要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)平安要求：不同場景間有較大差異，與應(yīng)用需求有關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)可靠傳遞要求：要求較高，因涉及到控制過程是否能夠正常實現(xiàn)。數(shù)據(jù)持續(xù)性：通常具有長時間的持續(xù)性。與人交互性：高，通常是對人操作指令的具體反映。對連接性的需求：較強，需要維護網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接以便于進展數(shù)據(jù)的正確傳輸。終端移動性

10、：兩極分化。局部終端有很強的移動性；局部終端則通常不移動。舉例：工業(yè)自動化等。3 M2M業(yè)務(wù)對現(xiàn)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)的影響從對現(xiàn)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)的影響來說，M2M業(yè)務(wù)可以分為兩類：A類是現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)不能滿足需要網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的業(yè)務(wù)，這類業(yè)務(wù)需要過載控制功能來防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)過載，以及針對客戶的業(yè)務(wù)需求提供差異化的效勞；B類是對于現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)影響較小的業(yè)務(wù)，這類業(yè)務(wù)是對時效性要求不高的MTC業(yè)務(wù)，而且這些業(yè)務(wù)和現(xiàn)在的移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)業(yè)務(wù)有類似的需求。從整體來說，M2M業(yè)務(wù)局部是A類業(yè)務(wù)，以下分析的是A類業(yè)務(wù)對現(xiàn)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)的影響3。M2M業(yè)務(wù)的多樣性、差異化，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的多種接入方式，M2M終端的海量性、差異化，以及M2M業(yè)務(wù)表現(xiàn)出來的傳統(tǒng)電信業(yè)務(wù)所不具有的各

11、種特點，都對現(xiàn)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)和網(wǎng)元設(shè)備產(chǎn)生了很大影響，其直接后果是現(xiàn)網(wǎng)的核心網(wǎng)元如HLR/PCRF/GGSN的能力已經(jīng)不能滿足M2M業(yè)務(wù)所帶來的信令、流量沖擊和業(yè)務(wù)控制需求，主要表達在以下方面：1由于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的特殊性，可能會產(chǎn)生瞬時大量的信令，會對無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵信令控制設(shè)備STP/HLR/PCRF造成影響而導(dǎo)致全網(wǎng)的癱瘓。因此，一方面要大規(guī)模提高相關(guān)信令控制設(shè)備的容量或設(shè)備的信令處理能力；另一方面需要進展差異化、分優(yōu)先級的接入控制；此外，關(guān)鍵信令控制和處理設(shè)備要具備一定的設(shè)備過載保護機制以及高容災(zāi)、高流控能力，防止關(guān)鍵網(wǎng)元的過載，從而有效提升整網(wǎng)的可靠性。2由于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的特殊性，其接入方式的多樣性

12、，涉及行業(yè)及用戶和設(shè)備的多樣性、海量性，因此需要對用戶數(shù)據(jù)管理HLR網(wǎng)元進展相應(yīng)增強，包括其數(shù)據(jù)庫的可擴展性和靈活性，除了標準的用戶簽約信息，還有設(shè)備序列號、設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序信息、位置信息和配額信息等運營商、M2M客戶私有字段等；對多種接入類型的支持，可對由不同接入類型2G/3G/LTE接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)備進展鑒權(quán)；對用戶標識和尋址的靈活動態(tài)支持，支持一卡多號或一號多卡；支持對終端設(shè)備根本狀態(tài)的查詢，能通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)側(cè)下發(fā)終端醒請求，發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備被盜時能夠立刻鎖死等。3由于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的特殊性及多樣性、群組性，因此有必要對業(yè)務(wù)進展區(qū)分，包括業(yè)務(wù)分類分級、QoS分級、用戶分組、設(shè)備分組，從而進展流量管理和業(yè)務(wù)管理，根

13、據(jù)忙閑時、地理位置等各種特性采取不同的接入和傳輸處理策略等。此外，在現(xiàn)網(wǎng)PCC架構(gòu)中疊加物聯(lián)網(wǎng)策略控制，因其特殊性，PCRFPolicy and Charging Rules Function，策略與計費規(guī)則功能進展策略控制時需先判斷是個人用戶還是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶，而且物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的瞬時爆發(fā)性會影響現(xiàn)網(wǎng)PCC架構(gòu)所以有必要設(shè)置專用的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)M2M PCRF。總之，需要對相關(guān)網(wǎng)元進展能力的增強和升級，可以改造現(xiàn)有相關(guān)網(wǎng)元，也可以設(shè)置M2M的專用網(wǎng)元疊加在現(xiàn)有H2H網(wǎng)絡(luò)上來解決相應(yīng)問題。4 國際標準組織提出的M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)國際標準組織如ITU、ETSI和3GPP等分別從不同角度提出了M2M的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)4。根據(jù)

14、ITU-T發(fā)布的定義，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系架構(gòu)主要可劃分為三個層面：感知層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和應(yīng)用層。如圖1所示，該架構(gòu)根本達成業(yè)界共識，但是其體系架構(gòu)過于抽象屬于概念模型，在轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)實現(xiàn)的過程中還需要細化。在ITU-T物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系架構(gòu)的根底上，ETSI提出了一種可看作邏輯模型的M2M應(yīng)用頂層架構(gòu)5。如圖2所示，ETSI把M2M體系架構(gòu)劃分為M2M設(shè)備及網(wǎng)關(guān)和M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩個大域。M2M設(shè)備及網(wǎng)關(guān)域包括M2M設(shè)備、M2M網(wǎng)關(guān)和M2M局域網(wǎng)，可以基于現(xiàn)有的各類標準實現(xiàn)；M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)域則包括廣域網(wǎng)和M2M應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。相較于ITU的概念模型，ETSI的邏輯模型側(cè)重于M2M效勞能力層，通過對效勞能力和接口的定義來實現(xiàn)屏蔽網(wǎng)絡(luò)細

15、節(jié)的M2M應(yīng)用、M2M效勞能力及網(wǎng)絡(luò)三者之間的相互調(diào)用，可供在研究平臺和網(wǎng)關(guān)設(shè)備功能及接口時參考。在ETSI的體系架構(gòu)根底上，3GPP也提出了一種支持MTC應(yīng)用的通信架構(gòu)。如圖3所示，涉及到的實體包括MTC終端、承載網(wǎng)絡(luò)、MTC效勞器和MTC應(yīng)用。其中，MTC效勞器是MTC業(yè)務(wù)的管理平臺；MTC應(yīng)用負責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的實現(xiàn)。承載M2M通信的移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)包括GPRS、EPC以及短消息和IMS網(wǎng)絡(luò)。3GPP提出的MTC通信架構(gòu)側(cè)重于M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)層，對M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各通信網(wǎng)元的功能和接口進展了定義，其適用于研究MTC業(yè)務(wù)的管理平臺以及M2M核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能和接口時參考。以上標準組織雖然都提出了M2M的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系架構(gòu)，

16、但是有其局限性。ITU和ETSI的架構(gòu)過于框架性，對于實際的網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署沒有較好的指導(dǎo)意義；3GPP雖然對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)元功能增強有一定的研究，但是由于目前部署的H2H網(wǎng)絡(luò)大多處于R7或R8版本，而MTC網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系的研究是在R10以上版本的網(wǎng)絡(luò)根底上進展的。因此，在現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)中按照標準來部署MTC網(wǎng)絡(luò)還為時尚早，需要研究一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)既具有在現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)根底上投資和部署的可行性，又能滿足現(xiàn)階段MTC業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用的需求。5 3G網(wǎng)絡(luò)階段的M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)在現(xiàn)有的3G網(wǎng)絡(luò)階段，為解決開展M2M業(yè)務(wù)面臨的網(wǎng)絡(luò)運營和網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源問題，運營商可以通過采用物理上隔離的網(wǎng)絡(luò)來單獨承載機器通信業(yè)務(wù)，在初期可以通過核心網(wǎng)中專設(shè)的網(wǎng)元實現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)

17、的隔離，在后期演進也可以延伸到采用專用的接入網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的接入隔離。此外，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理平臺也是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)解決方案中必不可少的組成局部。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理平臺與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)獨立網(wǎng)元配合，在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)開展的初期階段主要實現(xiàn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)獨立碼號集中管理和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)有效管控等功能。隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開展，平臺的功能也會逐步支撐更多資源管控與更多的業(yè)務(wù)流程，并開放更多資源及能力。可以根據(jù)M2M業(yè)務(wù)的特性，實現(xiàn)基于位置、時間段、接入類型的QoS控制和相應(yīng)的計費策略；還可以根據(jù)用戶的屬性及行為進展相應(yīng)的分組，實行基于群組的流量統(tǒng)計、事件分發(fā)和策略執(zhí)行等，這表達在核心網(wǎng)中PCRF/SPR/M2MSP的功能實現(xiàn)。綜上所述，在3G開展階段，

18、M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)的特征具體表達在以下四個方面：1在無線接入側(cè)對Wi-Fi、2G、3G、無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多種方式的整合，實現(xiàn)移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)對行業(yè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的廣覆蓋，構(gòu)建面向行業(yè)的M2M移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)。2在核心側(cè)構(gòu)建M2M專用的HLR、GGSN、SMSC等網(wǎng)元，實現(xiàn)對M2M等物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的集中運維和管理，并能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)與現(xiàn)網(wǎng)的有效隔離，有利于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的平安、穩(wěn)定、擴容及升級。3在核心網(wǎng)中部署M2M專用的PCRF等策略控制網(wǎng)元，利用M2M業(yè)務(wù)的業(yè)務(wù)特性和用戶屬性，實現(xiàn)對網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的高效利用和對業(yè)務(wù)效勞的精細支撐。4在核心網(wǎng)中搭建M2M業(yè)務(wù)支撐平臺，實現(xiàn)對業(yè)務(wù)和終端的統(tǒng)一管理。在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)開展的初期階段，考慮針對物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信

19、需求，進展最小本錢隔離：只新建核心網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點，實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)支撐隔離。對于業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)，需要單獨建立物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺，實現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)承載隔離；對于接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，則公用，不考慮單獨建立。如圖4所示，是一種在現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上疊加專用M2M核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)的架構(gòu)。在該方案中，與現(xiàn)網(wǎng)共用無線和SGSN，新建物聯(lián)網(wǎng)專用的GGSN/DPI，通過APN選路將物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)路由到處理物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的GGSN，新建物聯(lián)網(wǎng)專用的PCRF+SPR，完成對物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的流量、平安、QoS控制，新建物聯(lián)網(wǎng)專用的HLR進展物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備簽約信息、標識及平安管理。3G階段的M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)如圖5所示。其中，主要網(wǎng)元的功能如下：HLR：由于現(xiàn)網(wǎng)的HLR都是支持H2H的HLR，支持的

20、能力和M2M的支持能力還是有所不同。HLR也有自己特殊的一些需求，包括：需要支持群組簽約數(shù)據(jù)能力；支持終端監(jiān)控如位置監(jiān)控、IMEI監(jiān)控等能力，支持*個時間段接入控制，支持擴展ID到MSISDN、IMSI的映射能力，支持終端特征簽約如終端的低優(yōu)先級、是否為PS only等，供SGSN控制UE的行為；HLR要支持多profile的簽約，降低終端漫游時的資費，支持一卡多號和一號多卡的M2M業(yè)務(wù)。GGSN：擴展的GGSN需要增強支持基于群組流量統(tǒng)計，基于流的計費信息、QoS策略執(zhí)行和基于群的事件上報等。短消息中心：除了現(xiàn)有的短消息的功能外，需要支持短消息完成設(shè)備觸發(fā)的功能，支持在一號多卡的M2M業(yè)務(wù)中

21、短消息的群發(fā)功能。PCRF：支持群組的策略數(shù)據(jù)動態(tài)下發(fā)、更新和刪除，支持群組用戶的流量監(jiān)控。SCP：完成M2M業(yè)務(wù)中的緊急呼叫等語音呼叫的計費，產(chǎn)生語音呼叫話單。OCS：實時信用控制、預(yù)付費使用數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)和增值業(yè)務(wù)實時計費。M2MSP業(yè)務(wù)平臺：M2M平臺為集團客戶提供統(tǒng)一的M2M終端管理、終端設(shè)備鑒權(quán)。提供數(shù)據(jù)路由、監(jiān)控、用戶鑒權(quán)等管理功能；承載信息上報、參數(shù)配置、終端狀態(tài)檢測、終端注冊等業(yè)務(wù)功能的短信上下行通道；支持一卡多號和一號多卡的M2M業(yè)務(wù)，進展動態(tài)的管理。在實際部署中，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)支撐管理平臺按照功能劃分為總部平臺、省平臺兩個層面。6 結(jié)語M2M業(yè)務(wù)的多樣性、差異化以及M2M業(yè)務(wù)表現(xiàn)出來

22、的傳統(tǒng)電信業(yè)務(wù)所不具有的各種特點，都對現(xiàn)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)和網(wǎng)元設(shè)備產(chǎn)生了很大影響。本文在研究M2M業(yè)務(wù)特征及其對現(xiàn)網(wǎng)的影響和國際標準組織提出的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系架構(gòu)的根底上，提出了在現(xiàn)有移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)上部署具有可行性，又能一定程度上滿足MTC業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用需求的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)。運營商開展M2M業(yè)務(wù)的根底與開展移動通信是一致的，在專用的M2M網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)中，必須長遠規(guī)劃網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)開展實施網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化和數(shù)據(jù)分流，加強平臺建立，完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋，加大網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量，從根本上滿足M2M業(yè)務(wù)需求，同時又不影響當前的人人通信業(yè)務(wù)，提高用戶體驗。參考文獻：1 嘉，思揚. 針對移動M2M業(yè)務(wù)的優(yōu)化技術(shù)研究J. 現(xiàn)代電信科技， 201110： 37-44

23、.2 嘉，思揚. 面向M2M的移動通信系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化技術(shù)研究J. 電信網(wǎng)技術(shù)， 20119： 39-46.3 其博，杰，黎羴，等. 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)：概念、架構(gòu)與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究綜述J. 郵電大學(xué)學(xué)報， 20103： 1-9.4 諸瑾文，王藝. 從電信運營商角度看物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的總體架構(gòu)和開展J. 電信科學(xué)， 20104： 1-5.5 彬. 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)架構(gòu)J. 中興通訊技術(shù)， 20111： 8-10.Abstract article M2M business features and MTC munication network architecture are discussed. Detailed analysis

24、of the M2M business and the impact of the current network architecture, and to draw ISO M2M network architecture, and on this basis in accordance with the present stage network status and the M2M business requirements proposed network architecture for 3G network stage. Keywords dedicated network ele

25、ments of the the M2M network architecture the PCRF core network 1 Introduction barter munication (as M2M, smart phone, PDA and Machine to Machine is a process involving one or more entities with no human intervention, data munication, also known as machine type munication (MTC , Machine-Type municat

26、ion. With the rapid development of the M2M business, MTC based on mobile munication network is increasingly being a major mobile munication, but the traditional mobile munication network, after all, is for everyone munications (H2H, Hu-man to human business designed to adapt to the business needs of

27、 H2H, but can not meet the business needs of M2M. Specifically, at MTC and everyone different munication include the following 1: (1 MTC munication scene scene than H2H munication of rich and differences can be broadly grouped according to the division of features for location-aware and sharing envi

28、ronmental information perception, remote control and e*ecution, data collection publishing, video surveillance, The near-field munication. differentiation of these applications on the one hand the performance of functional diversity, on the other hand is also reflected in the application characteris

29、tics, and on the demand for network differentiation.(2 main data munication, including the small flow of packets, and video streaming.(3 requirements MTC munication costs than H2H lower. M2M business after H2H business development, minimize cost is an important consideration of the M2M business surv

30、ival. Different applications because of their different importance of different munication requirements munication, requires a bination of events, the possibility and the need to pay costs to consider cost minimization.(4M2M huge number of terminals, the need for more fle*ible and have a strategy te

31、rminal management. Potential mass M2M terminal access munication network, and M2M terminals either from the transmission characteristics, QoS requirements, and the mobility of, or from the distribution density of the terminal, different H2H terminal.(5 mainly to the small amount of data transmission

32、. If you continue to use the traditional mobile munication system to MTC munication, efficiency, cost and applicability of the system are not optimal. Therefore, to consider the the M2M business features while reducing H2H business, in order to design MTC dedicated munication system is an important

33、issue in the conte*t of the current munication continuous development of material objects. 2 M2M business characteristics of the design of the network architecture, network hosted business as the starting point 2 In other words, the the M2M network architecture design need to fully analyze the chara

34、cteristics and needs of the M2M business, bined with the amount of the terminal upper and lower rows of data, frequency degrees, QoS requirements and other aspects of the business characteristics, the application of the Internet of Things is divided into the following five categories. Among them, th

35、e analysis of the needs and characteristics of the various types of applications, including mobility, group munication, authentication, and periodic scheduled processing, large differences between different scenes. (1 monitor alarm class: the sensor local monitoring data, not match the e*pected data

36、 change occurs through the network to notify the application layer alarm.The average data transfer rate: low, only a small amount of uplink data traffic sent certain trigger conditions. The peak data transfer rate: The big difference between the different scenes, the application needs to determine t

37、he transmission of data content. QoS requirements: there is a big difference between the different scenarios and application requirements, as well as the meaning of the current data represent.Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements

38、.Reliable data transfer requirements: large differences between the different scenarios, and application requirements.Data persistence: low, a short or shorter duration of data transmission is only e*ist in the event of a preset event. Interact with people: low, usually handled automatically by the

39、system according to the preset approach. Connectivity needs: the need for monitoring to prevent the destruction of connectivity or invalid.Terminal mobility: downstream traffic demand, mobility needs.E*ample: a blood transfusion car blood environment monitoring, manhole covers monitoring, mobile ass

40、et tracking. (Upstream traffic data collection class average data transfer rate: in a large amount of data, continuous data reporting or periodic data reporting, downstream flow: low, is used to modify the escalation rules. The peak data transfer rate: The big difference between the different scenes

41、, the application needs to determine the transmission of data content. QoS requirements: there is a big difference between the different scenarios and application requirements, as well as the meaning of the current data represent.Data security requirements: the big difference between the different s

42、cenarios, and application requirements.Reliable data transfer requirements: large differences between the different scenarios, and application requirements.Data persistence: depends on the data transmission interval and transmission choices. Paper mesh Interact with people: low, usually handled auto

43、matically by the system according to the preset approach. Connectivity needs: the need for monitoring to prevent the destruction of connectivity or invalid.Terminal mobility: due occasionally downlink data, so it is necessary to optimize the mobility management.For e*ample: monitoring of meteorologi

44、cal information, the scene of the fire data collection, the collection of traffic information. Upstream traffic (3 the push class average data transfer rate: usually low, mainly used for filtering or input required to provide application conditions (such as location information, downlink traffic: us

45、ually larger, mainly for passing information (such as push advertising, video media, continued, based on the conditions of interaction outside or periodic data push.The peak data transfer rate: spike data characteristics, under match conditions trigger. QoS requirements: there is a big difference be

46、tween the different scenarios and application requirements, as well as the meaning of the current data represent.Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.Reliable data transfer requirements: large differences between the different s

47、cenarios, and application requirements.The data persistence: usually has a longer persistence.Interact with people: high, usually user feedback, the system based on feedback push information to adjust.Connectivity needs: a strong need to maintain a network connection in order to carry out the correc

48、t transmission of data.Terminal mobility: polarization. Part of the terminal has a strong mobility and part of the terminal is typically not mobile.E*ample: intelligent Museum. (4 video monitoring class the average data transfer rate of upstream traffic: H, mainly used for the delivery monitoring of

49、 multimedia data, downlink traffic: low, and is mainly used for transmission control and adjustment mands.The peak data transfer rate: no significant peak data characteristics, data transmission usually maintain a relatively stable transmission rate. QoS requirements: the big difference between the

50、different scenarios, and application requirements.Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements. Reliable data transfer requirements: at different times have different requirements as in normal circumstances requires moderate, but you ne

51、ed high reliability of delivery in the event of certain pre-event. The data persistence: usually has a long persistence.Interact with people: low, users occasionally would intervene in the process of video surveillance.Connectivity needs: a strong need to maintain a network connection in order to ca

52、rry out the correct transmission of data.Terminal mobility: polarization. Part of the terminal has a strong mobility and part of the terminal is typically not mobile.E*amples: home security video surveillance. (5 remote control actuator class average data transfer rate of upstream traffic: usually l

53、ow, mainly required for application filtering or input conditions (such as preset events downstream traffic: Depending on the ple*ity of the control object and control mand level.Peak data transfer rate: typically have a significant peak data characteristics. QoS requirements: the big difference bet

54、ween the different scenarios, and application requirements.Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.Reliable data transfer requirements: demanding, whether involved in the control process normally achieve. The data persistence: usua

55、lly has a long persistence.Interact with people: high, usually reflect the specific operating instructions.Connectivity needs: a strong need to maintain a network connection in order to carry out the correct transmission of data.Terminal mobility: polarization. Part of the terminal has a strong mobi

56、lity and part of the terminal is typically not mobile.E*ample: industrial automation. 3 M2M business impact of the current network architecture from the e*isting network architecture, M2M business can be divided into two categories: A class is the e*isting network can not meet the need for network o

57、ptimization business, this type of business need to avoid overload control function network overload, as well as to provide differentiated services for customers business needs, class B is for e*isting networks affect small business, type of business is less demanding timeliness MTC business, and th

58、ese businesses and mobile network business similar demand from the whole, most of the M2M business is a Class A business, the following analysis is a Class A business impact of the current network architecture 3. The M2M business diversity, difference, multiple network access methods, M2M terminals

59、massive difference, as well as the the M2M business performance of traditional telemunications business does not have a variety of characteristics of the current network structure and network The metadevice direct consequence of the core network elements of the e*isting network and the as HLR / PCRF

60、 / GGSN ability to not meet the M2M business signaling, traffic impact and business control needs, mainly reflected in the following aspects : (1 due to the particularity of the IOT business, may produce instantaneous large amount of signaling, key signaling interested wireless network control devic