通信工程本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)附件材料 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 所在系部： 電氣信息系 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 06通信本科（二）班 指導(dǎo)老師： 日 期： 二一年6月 目錄TOC o 1-3 h u HYPERLINK l _Toc30860 1 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 PAGEREF _Toc30860 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc11351 1.1英文文獻(xiàn)原文題目 PAGEREF _Toc11351 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc259 1.2中文翻譯 PAGEREF _Toc259 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc14659 2 專業(yè)閱讀書目 PAGEREF _Toc14659 12 HYPERLINK l _To

2、c6762 2.1 毫米波雷達(dá)及其應(yīng)用(精) PAGEREF _Toc6762 12 1 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯1.1英文文獻(xiàn)原文題目 Increases massively along with the automobile, on the road the stream of vehicles rest, does not make the road traffic accident year to increase large scale by the , causes the massive personnel casualty and the property damage. News whi

3、ch according to Chinese male peaceful on January 14, 2005 issued: China altogether sent in 2004 to live the traffic accident 567, 753, caused 99, 217 dead, 451, 810 people the wound, the immediate goods are lost 27. 7 hundred million Yuan. Traffic accidents primary cause exercises after over speed ,

4、 occupies the magical skill causes, the liquor drives, weary driving and so on. But collides is the traffic accidentmain manifestation, majority is the vehicle - vehicle collision and the person - vehicle collision. may affirm, along with our country automobile inventory and productivity swift growt

5、h, high speed road and first-class highway course fast extending, if does not enlarge road service peaceful the entire control, the traffic safety accident will increase massively, causes more casualties and economical theloss. the expert indicated to the road service accidents analysis result, in o

6、ccurs junction passes in the accident, some 80% are because the pilot responds not promptly, does not handle, when makes to become. And some 65% accident are the automobile follows the collision to create, other belong lean the surface collision, to scratch hang the result. Therefore, Germany Merced

7、es-Benz Companys experts, in hands over after each kind to pass the accident to carry on the system research analysis obtains: If the pilot can before the accident has to shift to an earlier time 1 second consciousness to attend a meeting to have the traffic accident to occur, and has adopted corres

8、ponding the true measure, then the overwhelming majority accident possibly avoids. the automobile anti-collision early warning system to enhances the automobile travel security to be very important. Year starts from the 1971, domestic and foreign presented the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser,

9、the machine to regard one after another to think, infrared as well as interactive and so on anti-collision early warning systems research or the product. This article to each kind of anti-collision aspects and so on early warning systems principle, characteristic, flaw will carry on the analysis, an

10、d proposes the automobile anti-collision early warning systems development direction. The automobile anti-collision early warning system is in the automobile travel process, as well as about the direction danger carries on the examination to automobilesaround, in the automobile and the danger has in

11、 the collision danger situation, carries on the acousto-optic warning, prompts pilot dangerous thing the direction as well as the degree of hazard, with the aim of letting the pilot take the corresponding measure, avoids following the collision and the side hangs and so on traffic accidents occurren

12、ces. Automobile anti-collision early warning system general by the information acquisition, the information processing, the information judgment, the early warning information and so on four groups to become. The information acquisition present stages technology has the ultrasonic wave, the radar, t

13、he laser, the machine vision,infrared as well as interactive, through these technical gathering automobile travel process in all around information; The information processing part is mainly carries on the processing analysis to the gathering information, sentences to break in the automobile travel

14、process whether all around to have the danger, commonly used monolithic integrated circuit, ARM, microprocessors and so on DSP, even uses the multi-CPU special purpose computer to process; Information the judgment is according to this vehicle vehicle type, the weather, time as well as this vehicle a

15、nd danger distance to, information and so on relative velocity, relative acceleration, through the information fusion technology, real-time carries on the dangerous or the secure state dynamic identification; When the early warning information part mainly refers to information the identification for

16、 the danger, this part carries on the dangerous rank judgment, the dangerous direction as well as should acousto-optic warning. As a result of the different information acquisition technology, its corresponding automobile against hits the early warning system to be different, below to each kind of a

17、nti-collision early warning systems principle, the characteristic, lacks to fall and so on aspects to carry on the analysis. After radar truck anti-collision early warning system use electromagnetic wave launch, meets obstacle the reflection the echo to examine and the computation unceasingly to it

18、with the front or rear area the obstacle to the speed and the distance, undergoes the analysis judgment, with does not carry on the warning to present hazards goal according to degree . This system by the dual-mode antenna, the directional coupler, the mixer, frequency modulation the oscillator and

19、the processing unit is composed. When the transmitter uses microwave frequency modulated continuous wave system , in the vehicles march forward, the radar pencil beam launches the frequency modulated continuous wave signal forward, when the transmitting message meets the goal, is reflected for the i

20、dentical antenna receive, after mixing enlargement processing, between the available its pulsation signal the difference expressed that the radar and goal distance leaves, may obtain the distance the corresponding signal impulse after the microprocessor processing computation to count the value, aga

21、in according to the slip frequency signal difference and the relative velocity relations, calculates the goal the relative velocity which reaches to thunder , the microprocessor above two physical quantity substitution dangerous time letter counts the matrix, then figures out the dangerous time. rad

22、ar sounding stable property, not easily object surface shape and color shadesound. The environment adaptation performance is good, is been big the weather effect, it has the measuring time to be short, the measuring range big (may achieve above 10km), the precision higher merit. But periphery the ve

23、hicles, the obstacle can have the electromagnetic wave disturbance to it, between trailer-mounted radar each other also has the disturbance. This system is huge, the construction cost is expensive. On the high speed road, the isolation strip and the road two side metal has limited this systems appli

24、cation to a great extent. Since the early 80s, many of the world famous universities and research institutions to And the United States more than 300 companies (including IBM and other computer companies) are put into research Study. Such as millimeter wave radar research, automotive radar used for

25、more than 30GHZ The millimeter wave radar, it can reduce the electromagnetic radiation from the antenna beam angle increases Degrees, eliminating the need to reduce the reflection caused by the malfunction and interference; other Surface as the Doppler shift, the relative speed and high precision. P

26、resent primarily Used in millimeter wave broadband wireless data communications and guided weapons, but still did not put Off the radar of the inherent defects in poor anti-interference abilityto detect small angle range, the steam Car driving in the jitter can not adapt, but also turn out in the ro

27、ad before and after testing by theTo turn restrictions. millimeter wave radar and image sensor combination with image Sensor under the direction of the road, so as to control the transfer of laser or millimeter wave radar Moving direction, laser or millimeter wave radar to follow the car driving Dri

28、ve rotation. Have Effective solution to the laser or millimeter wave radar inherent part of the defect, the detection side To the line, perspective view of the shortcomings of small or even 0, but the image sensors And Leida Yun station control technology high. improvements in algorithmic research S

29、tudy 18 - 20, if the millimeter wave linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM - CM), two-lane Maximum matching hair, Larry detection, high-precision phase detection, narrowband compensation side Method, measured by the second difference method, etc. on the precision and improved anti-interfe

30、rence. Automotive collision avoidance systems are often not only in a technical, but full use of each Kind of technology expertise, the whole system performance greatly improved. An example of Chongqing After nearly a decade Chi Technology Co., Ltd. developed the intelligent vehicle highway Active d

31、riving safety warning system , Information Monitoring on each side of car is the super- Sound ranging principles. In the short-range ultrasonic distance measurement technique is very good, 4 - 5m range of powerful, but the car is moving in from the left and right sides of the information Auto close,

32、 so the use of its information gathering before and after image sensor. After nearly Decades of research, the company has been in the software algorithms have great breakthrough, as the U.S. State TIs digital signal processor development, the company designs and more CPU Processors, so each CPU divi

33、sion of labor. Now, the company has been able to do per second Able to handle 37 images per second, far more than the film image, reaching as Frequency flow requirements, to ensure real-time detection, accuracy. From the twentieth century 80s, famous universities, research institutions And automobil

34、e manufacturers to actively research Automotive Collision warning systems, various transport Companies and insurance companies are very concerned about how to reduce traffic accidents, the original Due to the following points: According to statistics, about 120 million people worldwide die each year

35、 pay Through accident, car accident not only caused the increase in economic losses, returned to the urban traffic Caused unnecessary congestion through to families in many wounds, so that peoples health Living adversely affected, it has increasingly become concerned about social issues; Research Th

36、at, as early as 1 s warning will reduced by 50% 90% of rear-end accident; security has been The focus of the automotive market, the survey shows that most users think the most important consideration The problem is that the safety car; great market prospects of the system 21. Through the various exi

37、sting features of vehicle collision avoidance warning systems, performance Analysis, we found that, ultrasonic, radar, laser has the following inherent flaw: in Car side there is more objective, not well identified the most dangerous targets, Lead to false positives; roads are not well detected corn

38、ers dangerous target, subject to public Impact of road railings, also led to false positive and false negative; radar and laser can be measured On the distance of several kilometers, but ineffective in the 200m the following high cost, big problem Little to do, and they system complexity, bulky, exp

39、ensive; laser as Perception point of view is almost 0 directive, the weather and robustness; machine vision The collision warning system with high technical requirements and hardware requirements by climate; Infrared collision warning system is relatively the best, all-weather use,anti- Interference

40、 ability, but the systems technical requirements and hardware requirements are also high; interaction Intelligent anti-collision warning system in the type of traffic information on a certain role in promoting, However, to supporting the use of cars widely used and requires a long process. Developme

41、nt of electronic technology will drive the development of collision warning systems. In order to prevent Collision warning system to overcome the shortcomings of each system above, the following aspects should : to improve anti-jamming capability, reduce false positives; increased visual angle, Impr

42、ove the monitoring range; enhance stability, reduce false positives, false negative; increase in driving Members and automobile testing, because the collision in the drivers fatigue driving and vehicle Performance also has a relationship; increased police decision-making factors, ultrasonic, radar,

43、laser, etc. Alarm factor is the distance of cars and hazards should be considered relative velocity, The relative acceleration, vehicle and weather; form of intelligent expert system to improve reporting Police real-time, accuracy, because the different models and different weather safety Distance a

44、nd time requirements of different security; industry standard form, it is imperative Because the product can not do without the successful application of industry standards. Collision Warning System will promote intelligent car, information, and Play a catalytic role on unmanned technology to make o

45、ur journey in life Safe, comfortable, fast being.1.2中文翻譯 隨著汽車大量增加,路上車流不息,使道路交通事故逐年大幅度增加,造成大量人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。據(jù)中國公安部2005 年1月14日發(fā)布的新聞:中國在2004年總共發(fā)生交通事故567, 753 起,導(dǎo)致99, 217 人死亡, 451, 810 人受傷,直接財(cái)產(chǎn)損失27. 7 億元。交通事故的主要原因包括超速行使、占道行使、酒后駕駛、疲勞駕駛等。而碰撞是交通事故的主要表現(xiàn)形式,其中大部分是車- 車碰撞和人- 車碰撞。可以肯定,隨著我國汽車保有量和生產(chǎn)量的快速增長,高速公路和高等級(jí)公路里程的

46、快速延伸,如果不加大汽車交通安全控制,交通安全事故會(huì)大量增加,造成更多的傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。 專家對(duì)汽車交通事故的分析結(jié)果表明 ,在所發(fā)生的交通事故中,有80% 是由于駕駛員反應(yīng)不及時(shí),處置不當(dāng)所造成。其中有65% 的事故屬汽車追尾碰撞造成,其余則屬于側(cè)面碰撞、擦掛所致。因此,德國奔馳公司的專家們?cè)趯?duì)各類交通事故進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究分析后得出 :若駕駛員能在事故發(fā)生前提早1秒鐘意識(shí)到會(huì)有交通事故發(fā)生,并采取了相應(yīng)的正確措施,則絕大多數(shù)事故都可能避免。汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)對(duì)提高汽車行駛安全性十分重要。從1971年開始,國內(nèi)外相繼出現(xiàn)了超聲波、雷達(dá)、激光、機(jī)器視覺、紅外以及交互式等防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的研究或者產(chǎn)品。本文

47、將對(duì)各種防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的原理、特點(diǎn)、缺陷等方面進(jìn)行分析,并提出汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向。 汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng) 是在汽車行駛過程中,對(duì)汽車的前后以及左右方向的危險(xiǎn)物進(jìn)行檢測,在汽車與危險(xiǎn)物具有發(fā)生碰撞危險(xiǎn)的情況下,進(jìn)行聲光報(bào)警,提示駕駛員危險(xiǎn)物的方向以及危險(xiǎn)程度,以便讓駕駛員采取相應(yīng)的措施,避免追尾碰撞和側(cè)掛等交通事故的發(fā)生。汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)一般由信息采集、信息處理、信息判斷、預(yù)警信息等四個(gè)部分組成。信息采集現(xiàn)階段的技術(shù)有超聲波、雷達(dá)、激光、機(jī)器視覺、紅外以及交互式,通過這些技術(shù)采集汽車行駛過程中的四周信息;信息處理部分主要是對(duì)采集的信息進(jìn)行處理分析,判斷汽車行駛過程中四周是否有危險(xiǎn)物, 常用單片

48、機(jī)、ARM、DSP等微處理器,甚至采用多CPU專用計(jì)算機(jī)來處理;信息判斷就是根據(jù)本車車型、天氣、時(shí)候以及本車與危險(xiǎn)物的距離、相對(duì)速度、相對(duì)加速度等信息,通過信息融合技術(shù),實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)或安全狀態(tài)的動(dòng)態(tài)辨識(shí);預(yù)警信息部分主要指信息辨識(shí)為危險(xiǎn)時(shí),該部分進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)級(jí)別判斷、危險(xiǎn)方向以及相應(yīng)的聲光報(bào)警。由于不同的信息采集技術(shù),其相應(yīng)的汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)不同,下面對(duì)各種防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的原理、特點(diǎn)、缺陷等方面進(jìn)行分析。 雷達(dá)汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)利用電磁波發(fā)射后遇到障礙物反射的回波對(duì)其不斷檢測和計(jì)算與前方或后方障礙物的相對(duì)速度和距離,經(jīng)過分析判斷, 對(duì)構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn)的目標(biāo)按程度不同進(jìn)行報(bào)警。該系統(tǒng)由收發(fā)天線、定向耦合器、混頻

49、器、調(diào)頻振蕩器和處理單元組成。當(dāng)發(fā)射機(jī)采用微波調(diào)頻連續(xù)波體制時(shí),在車輛行進(jìn)中,雷達(dá)窄波束向前發(fā)射調(diào)頻連續(xù)波信號(hào),當(dāng)發(fā)射信號(hào)遇到目標(biāo)時(shí), 被反射回來為同一天線接收, 經(jīng)混頻放大處理后,可用其差拍信號(hào)間相差來表示雷達(dá)與目標(biāo)的距離,把對(duì)應(yīng)的脈沖信號(hào)經(jīng)微處理器處理計(jì)算可得到距離數(shù)值,再根據(jù)差頻信號(hào)相差與相對(duì)速度關(guān)系, 計(jì)算出目標(biāo)對(duì)雷達(dá)的相對(duì)速度,微處理器將上述兩個(gè)物理量代入危險(xiǎn)時(shí)間函數(shù)數(shù)字模型后,即可算出危險(xiǎn)時(shí)間。雷達(dá)探測性能穩(wěn)定,不容易受對(duì)象表面形狀和顏色的影響。環(huán)境適應(yīng)性能好, 受天氣影響較大, 它具有測量時(shí)間短、量程大(可達(dá)到10km 以上) 、精度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是周圍車輛、障礙物都會(huì)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生電磁

50、波干擾,車載雷達(dá)彼此之間也存在干擾。此系統(tǒng)龐大, 造價(jià)昂貴。在高速路上, 隔離帶和路兩邊的金屬在很大程度上限制了此系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。 80年代初期以來,世界上許多著名大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu),以及美國的300多家公司(包括IBM等計(jì)算機(jī)公司) 都投入研究。例如毫米波雷達(dá)的研究,汽車用雷達(dá)采用30GHZ以上的毫米波雷達(dá),一方面可縮小從天線輻射的電磁波射束角幅度,減少由于不需要的反射所引起的誤動(dòng)作和干擾;另一方面由于多普勒頻移大,相對(duì)速度的測量精度高。目前主要應(yīng)用在寬帶無線數(shù)據(jù)通信及毫米波制導(dǎo)武器,但是仍然沒有擺脫雷達(dá)的固有的缺陷抗干擾能力差,檢測視角范圍小,在汽車行駛中的抖動(dòng)無法適應(yīng),還有在公路轉(zhuǎn)彎出的前后檢測

51、受到彎道的限制。毫米波雷達(dá)和圖像傳感器的結(jié)合,有圖像傳感器根據(jù)路面的方向,從而控制激光或者毫米波雷達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向,讓激光或者毫米波雷達(dá)跟隨汽車行駛車道轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。有效的解決了激光或者毫米波雷達(dá)的固有部分缺陷,即檢測方向直線,視角角度小甚至為0的缺陷,但是要求圖像傳感器和對(duì)雷達(dá)云臺(tái)控制技術(shù)高。 在算法上的改進(jìn)的研究 ,如果毫米波的線性調(diào)頻連續(xù)波(LFM - CM) 、雙線極大值匹配發(fā)、雙拼檢測法、高精度相位檢測法、窄帶補(bǔ)償方法、二次相差法等等所測精度上和抗干擾上有所提高。汽車防撞系統(tǒng)常常不只是用一種技術(shù),而是充分發(fā)揮每種技術(shù)的特長,讓整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的性能得到很大提高。如重慶安馳科技有限公司經(jīng)過近十年研究出的“

52、高速公路智能型汽車行駛主動(dòng)安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)”,汽車左右兩邊的信息監(jiān)控就是超聲波測距原理。超聲波在短距離測距中是非常好的技術(shù),在4- 5m范圍內(nèi)功能強(qiáng)大,而汽車在行駛中左右兩邊的信息都離汽車很近,所以其前后的信息采集使用圖像傳感器。經(jīng)過近十年的研究,該公司在軟件算法上已經(jīng)有很大突破,隨著美國TI公司的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器的發(fā)展,該公司設(shè)計(jì)出多CPU的處理器,讓各個(gè)CPU分工合作?，F(xiàn)在,該公司已能做到每秒能處理37幀圖像,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過電影每秒播放的圖像,達(dá)到了視頻流的要求,保證了檢測的實(shí)時(shí)性、準(zhǔn)確性。 從二十世紀(jì)八十年代起,國內(nèi)外著名大學(xué)、研究機(jī)構(gòu)以及汽車生產(chǎn)廠家就積極地研究汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng),各個(gè)運(yùn)輸公司和保險(xiǎn)

53、公司也非常關(guān)心如何減少交通事故的發(fā)生,其原因有以下幾點(diǎn): 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),全球每年都有約120萬人死于交通事故, 汽車事故的增加不僅帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,還給城市交通帶來了不必要的堵塞,給家庭帶來許多創(chuàng)傷,使人們的生活受到負(fù)面影響,這日益成為人們關(guān)心的社會(huì)問題; 研究表明,早1 s報(bào)警會(huì)減少50% 90% 追尾事故; 安全一直是汽車市場的焦點(diǎn),調(diào)查表明,大部分用戶認(rèn)為最重要考慮的問題是汽車的安全性; 系統(tǒng)的市場前景很大 21 。通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有的各種汽車防撞預(yù)警系的特點(diǎn)、性能進(jìn)行分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),超聲波、雷達(dá)、激光有以下的固有缺陷: 在汽車一方出現(xiàn)多目標(biāo)時(shí),不能很好的辨識(shí)出最危險(xiǎn)的目標(biāo),導(dǎo)致誤報(bào); 在道路彎道處不能

54、很好檢測到危險(xiǎn)目標(biāo),受公路上欄桿影響,也導(dǎo)致誤報(bào)和漏報(bào); 雷達(dá)和激光都能測出上幾公里的距離,但是在200m以下效果不好、成本高、大題小做,并且它們系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜、體積龐大、造價(jià)昂貴; 激光的視覺角度幾乎為0,方向性強(qiáng),天氣變化魯棒性差; 機(jī)器視覺的防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)要求和硬件要求高,受氣候影響; 紅外防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)相對(duì)來說是最好的,可以全天候使用,抗干擾能力強(qiáng),但是系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)要求和硬件要求也高; 交互式智能化防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)在交通信息化上有一定的促進(jìn)作用,但是要廣泛應(yīng)用和汽車配套使用都需要漫長的過程。電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展將帶動(dòng)防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。為了使防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)克服上面各個(gè)系統(tǒng)的缺陷,應(yīng)該從以下幾個(gè)方面去做

55、: 提高抗干擾能力,減少誤報(bào); 增加視覺角度,提高監(jiān)控范圍; 增強(qiáng)穩(wěn)定性,減少誤報(bào)、漏報(bào); 增加駕駛員和汽車檢測,因?yàn)榕鲎彩鹿手旭{駛員的疲勞駕駛和汽車的性能也有關(guān)系; 增加報(bào)警決策因素,超聲波、雷達(dá)、激光等系統(tǒng)報(bào)警的因素是汽車和危險(xiǎn)物距離,應(yīng)該考慮相對(duì)速度、相對(duì)加速度、車型以及天氣; 形成智能型專家系統(tǒng),提高報(bào)警的實(shí)時(shí)性、準(zhǔn)確性,因?yàn)椴煌能囆秃筒煌奶鞖鈱?duì)安全距離和安全時(shí)間要求不同; 形成行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這是當(dāng)務(wù)之急,因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品的成功應(yīng)用離不開行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用將推動(dòng)汽車的智能化、信息化,也對(duì)無人駕駛技術(shù)起到促進(jìn)作用,從而讓我們的行車生活處于安全、舒適、快捷之中。 2 專業(yè)閱讀書目2.1

56、毫米波雷達(dá)及其應(yīng)用(精) 內(nèi)容摘要 毫米波雷達(dá)的研制是從40年代開始的。50年代出現(xiàn)了用于機(jī)場交通管制和船用導(dǎo)航的毫米波雷達(dá)（工作波長約為 8毫米），顯示出高分辨力、高精度、小天線口徑等優(yōu)越性。但是，由于技術(shù)上的困難，毫米波雷達(dá)的發(fā)展一度受到限制。這些技術(shù)上的困難主要是：隨著工作頻率的提高，功率源輸出功率和效率降低，接收機(jī)混頻器和傳輸線損失增大。70年代中期以后，毫米波技術(shù)有了很大的進(jìn)展,研制成功一些較好的功率源:固態(tài)器件如雪崩管（見雪崩二極管）和耿氏振蕩器（見電子轉(zhuǎn)移器件）；熱離子器件如磁控管、行波管、速調(diào)管、擴(kuò)展的相互作用振蕩器、返波管振蕩器和回旋管等。脈沖工作的固態(tài)功率源多采用雪崩管,其

57、峰值功率可達(dá)515瓦(95吉赫)。磁控管可用作高功率的脈沖功率源，峰值功率可達(dá)16千瓦（95吉赫）或1千瓦(140吉赫)，效率約為10?；匦苁且环N新型微波和毫米波振蕩器或放大器，在毫米波波段可提供兆瓦級(jí)的峰值功率。在低噪聲混頻器方面，肖特基二極管（見晶體二極管、肖特基結(jié)）混頻器在毫米波段已得到應(yīng)用，在100吉赫范圍，低噪聲混頻器噪聲溫度可低至500K(未致冷)或100K（致冷）。此外，在高增益天線、集成電路和鰭線波導(dǎo)等方面的技術(shù)也有所發(fā)展。70年代后期以來，毫米波雷達(dá)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于許多重要的民用和軍用系如近程高分辨力防空系統(tǒng)、導(dǎo)彈制導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)、目標(biāo)測量系統(tǒng)等。(作者: 向敬成 張明友 毫米波雷達(dá)及其

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