河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（19）主謂一致與副詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要公開(kāi)課

1、52基本規(guī)那么淅水第一中圖Henasln NOA High fchwl河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(19)主謂一致與副詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要主謂一致主謂一致：即指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱和數(shù)上要和主語(yǔ)一致。(1)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，假設(shè)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要加-s或-es ,具體變化同名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)。假設(shè)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第一、第二人稱或復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，不需 要加-s或-es。(2)在助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面，直接接動(dòng)詞原形(3 ) There be句型須主謂一致There be句型是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞一致。副詞第一節(jié) 副詞的種類與位置(概述)54副詞的種類根據(jù)副詞的詞義

2、，我們可以把副詞做如下分類：假設(shè)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由多個(gè)局部組成，比方：Will be done , should have done等，這時(shí)副詞一般要放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后You should never have trusted him.你永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該相信他。在加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的句子中，我們一般是把副詞放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之 前或be動(dòng)詞之前As a teacher, you should always be patient with students.I always have been patient.在只有助動(dòng)詞而省去了實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中，副詞一定要放在這 個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之前。You should have

3、known better than to trust him.你早就應(yīng)該知道他這個(gè)人靠不住。I never will.（省去了 trust him ）我今后再也不會(huì)相信他了。Can you find a place to park your car in the street?一Yes, I usually can.副詞也要用在省略了表語(yǔ)的be動(dòng)詞之前。I hear that his American girlfriend used to be his English teacher.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他的美國(guó)女友曾是他的英語(yǔ)老師。No, she never was.不，她從來(lái)不曾是。2）表示確切頻率的副

4、詞一般只能用于句末Milk is delivered daily.牛奶每天都送來(lái)。3）上述表示不確切頻率的副詞，有些也可以用于句首或句末例如：Often/Sometimes/Usually I work late into the night.often 一般不單獨(dú)放在句末，而須加very或quite修飾。例如:He comes late for school quite often.Often he comes late for school.He often comes late for school.4 ） always可在句末，但不能放在句首,除非用在祈使句中。 例如：You alwa

5、ys make the same mistakes.Always remember not to argue with your boss.5）在否認(rèn)句中的頻度副詞在否認(rèn)句中，有的頻度副詞位于not之前，有的頻度副詞位于 not之后。這主要是從意思上來(lái)判斷。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，always要放 在 not 之后（not always ）;而 often , sometimes f usually 要放在not之前He doesnt always leave before 6 oclock, sometimes he works until 8 oclock.（不總是）His wife complains

6、 that he sometimes doesnt listen to her.（有時(shí)不）The history lectures sometimes arent interesting.6 )否認(rèn)頻度副詞never , rarely , seldom有兩點(diǎn)須注意：不能再與否認(rèn)詞not連用一般只用在句中。假設(shè)放在句首，那么句子要用局部倒裝Never have I heard such a story.59程度副詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的大小和程度，絕大多數(shù)程度副詞是用來(lái)修飾形容詞、 副詞或動(dòng)詞的。有些還可以修飾名詞。(1 )程度副詞的種類absolutely almost completely表示否認(rèn)：

7、barely scarcely hardly(2 )程度副詞在句中的位置放在它所修飾的詞之前)一般直接放在所修飾的對(duì)象之前修飾形容詞You are absolutely wrong.你絕對(duì)錯(cuò)了。修飾動(dòng)詞You can hardly expect her to be kind to you.你很難指望她對(duì)你好。修飾副詞He speaks English quite well.I saw only him at the party last night. (I didnt see any other friends.)昨晚在晚會(huì)上，我只看到他在場(chǎng)。(其他朋友沒(méi)有來(lái))I saw him only a

8、t the party last night. (I didnt see him at other places.)我昨晚只是在晚會(huì)上看到他了。(沒(méi)有在其他地方看到) enough的特殊用法enough是個(gè)例外，它要放在所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后He is not old enough to go to school.他還沒(méi)到上學(xué)的年齡。) barely, scarcely, hardly不能與否認(rèn)詞連用Because of his hearing loss, he scarcely hears me when I speak.(3)可修飾名詞的程度副詞這樣的程度副詞主要有：quite only

9、 even particularly especially almost ratherquite some time相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間 rather a bore相當(dāng)令人討厭的人quite要置于a/an之前，rather可用在a/an前面或后面quite a nice day 天氣不錯(cuò) 不說(shuō):a quite nice day*rather a long way/a rather long wayVegetables, especially spinach(菠菜)z are good for health.He is almost a child.他差不多還是個(gè)孩子。I can speak only

10、English.60方式副詞表示動(dòng)作行為的方式。方式副詞一般只修飾動(dòng)詞，是動(dòng)詞專用的(1 )方式副詞的種類方式副詞在數(shù)目上是不固定的，因?yàn)樗梢杂上鄳?yīng)的形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成bravely calmly fast happily hard well intentionally(2 )方式副詞在句中的位置方式副詞主要是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞的，它的位置通常在動(dòng)詞后邊。1 )在動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)里，方式副詞可用于賓語(yǔ)后或介詞前The class is listening to the teacher carefully.The class is listening carefully to the teac

11、her.2)方式副詞要放在被動(dòng)分詞之前I was badly paid in that company after I had just graduated.我剛畢業(yè)時(shí)在那個(gè)公司薪水很低。When do you think you will have completely finished?61句子副詞這樣的副詞通常放在句首，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，而非句子中的謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞。通常表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的觀點(diǎn)或說(shuō)話的角度。(1 )說(shuō)明說(shuō)話的角度Scientifically, the experiment was a success.從科學(xué)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)成功了。(2)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度Frankly, I thin

12、k he is dishonest.老實(shí)說(shuō)，我覺(jué)得他這人不夠老實(shí)。句子副詞大多數(shù)情況下放在句首，不過(guò)放在句中也不少見(jiàn)。但很 少放在句末。I am basically an optimistic person.我基本上是個(gè)樂(lè)觀的人。I dont normally come to work on weekends.正常的情況下，我周末不上班。62副詞的其他位置(1 )幾個(gè)副詞出現(xiàn)在句末時(shí)，一般采用如下順序：方式副詞+ 地點(diǎn)副詞+時(shí)間副詞。She sang an English song nicely in the auditorium last night.She checked the acco

13、unts carefully in the office this morning.(2 )確定性副詞和不確定性副詞，如：probably , possibly , perhaps , certainly , definitely , surely 等，通常不用于句末, 而是用于句首和句中He has probably not been there before.I definitely know how to deal with this matter.其中,perhaps和surely多用于句首。(1)時(shí)間副詞(2)地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞分為指方向的地點(diǎn)副詞和指位置的地點(diǎn)副詞downfromin

14、onoverout ofroundawayupheretheresomewhereanywherenowhereeverywhere(3)頻度副詞(4)程度副詞quiteratherreallyscarcelysotoovery(5)方式副詞表示動(dòng)作行為的方式。這類副詞并不像其他副詞那樣數(shù)目較為固定, 方式副詞在數(shù)目上是不固定的，因?yàn)樗梢杂上鄳?yīng)的形容詞加“y 構(gòu)成。bravelycalmlyfasthappilyhardwellintentionally(6 )句子副詞這樣的副詞用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，而非句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。actually apparently certainly clearly

15、 evidentlyBasically I am an optimistic person.55副詞在句中的位置（概述）一般來(lái)說(shuō)，副詞在句中的位置有三種：句中、句末和句首。例如：I have never been there before.（放在句中的時(shí)間副詞）He went away quickly.（放在句末的方式副詞）Yesterday I met her in the park.（放在句首的時(shí)間副詞）但是，并不是所有的副詞都可以放在句中這三個(gè)位置。有的副詞不能放在句首，有的不能放在句末，有的既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末副詞的這種復(fù)雜的位置關(guān)系主要取決于副詞本身的種類。副詞在句中確實(shí)切

16、位置，還與句中的動(dòng)詞形式有關(guān)?？傊?，副詞在句中的位置較為復(fù)雜且靈活多變。第二節(jié)副詞在句中的位置56時(shí)間副詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。（1 ）時(shí)間副詞的種類1）表示確切時(shí)間的副詞yesterday today now tomorrow2）表示不確切時(shí)間的副詞already recently lately3）表示時(shí)間的副詞短語(yǔ)this morninglast night（2）時(shí)間副詞在句中的位置1 ）表示確切時(shí)間的副詞和表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)一般不能用于句中，它 們可用于句首或句末。用在句末更常見(jiàn)（尤其是在祈使句中只能用 于句末）O可以說(shuō)：Im leaving for Beijing on a business

17、trip tomorrow.不說(shuō):fm tomorrow leaving for Beijing on a business trip/Come to my office this afternoon.不說(shuō)：Come this afternoon to my office/）表示不確切的時(shí)間副詞可用于句首、句中或句末。Ive recently been busy.Recently I have been busy.I have been busy recently.） before, early, immediately, late 通常位于句末。I have never heard such

18、 a story before.He came to school late.總體來(lái)看：1）時(shí)間副詞一般可用在句首，也可用在句末。而通常我們把時(shí) 間副詞放在句末較為保險(xiǎn)。2）能用于句中的時(shí)間副詞不多。3）在祈使句中時(shí)間副詞只能用于句末。57地點(diǎn)副詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或方位。（1 ）地點(diǎn)副詞的種類1)表示方向的地點(diǎn)副詞away down in off on over out round up2）表示位置的地點(diǎn)副詞 here there somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere(2)地點(diǎn)副詞在句中的位置1 )方向地點(diǎn)副詞一般用于“位置地點(diǎn)副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)”之前 例如:He often walks around in the garden after supper.2）兩個(gè)表示位置的介詞短語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，較大的地點(diǎn)位于句末例如：He works in a foreign-funded company in Beijing.3 ）方向地點(diǎn)副詞 away ,down ,in ,off ,on ,over ,out ,round , up ,還有here , there可以用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)而放在句首。這時(shí)可以 有兩種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞+動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞+名詞主語(yǔ)Down came the rain.下起雨來(lái)了。副詞+代詞主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞Away