人教版新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)數(shù)詞和主謂一致

1、語法專項提升語法專題五數(shù)詞和主謂一致 英 語2022高中總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI內(nèi)容索引核心考點(diǎn)分層突破 專項訓(xùn)練鞏固提升核心考點(diǎn)分層突破高考鏈接1.(2020全國, 語篇填空)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.

2、”2.(2020全國, 語篇填空) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. means 根據(jù)上下句的時態(tài)確定此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時, 因為主語是it, 故謂語動詞用mean的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。carries 該句含有why引導(dǎo)的表語從句, 從句的主語是decorating, 所以此處謂語應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。3.(2020天津, 單項填空)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (r

3、emain) around that level ever since. 4.(2020浙江, 語篇填空)And, as more children were born, more food (need). has remained 句意: 醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量在20世紀(jì)90年代初期達(dá)到了18所, 從那時起數(shù)量一直保持在那個水平上。根據(jù)時間狀語ever since可知, 應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時; 句子的主語是The number, 所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。was needed food為不可數(shù)名詞, 謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 又因food與need之間為動賓關(guān)系, 故用被動語態(tài)。5.(2018全國, 語

4、篇填空)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. is 句子的主語是it, 所以句子謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 又因該句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時, 所以填is。考點(diǎn)歸納數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為兩種: 基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)目)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)?？键c(diǎn)一 年齡的表達(dá)法表示某人的確切年齡, 用 “基數(shù)詞+year(s) old” 或者 “at the age of+基數(shù)詞”,

5、 也可直接用基數(shù)詞; 表示某人幾十多歲時, 用 “in ones+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)(如twenties, thirties等)” 來表達(dá)。She is still in her twenties. 她才二十幾歲。考點(diǎn)二 年代的表達(dá)法表示 “幾十年代” 時, 在年份后加-s或-s。My grandpa was born in the 1930s. 我爺爺出生于20世紀(jì)30年代。考點(diǎn)三 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法分子用基數(shù)詞, 分母用序數(shù)詞, 若分子大于1, 則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如: one-fourth (a quarter)1/4; two-fifths 2/5。Two-thirds of the money was

6、 spent on food. 三分之二的錢都花在了食品上?？键c(diǎn)四 dozen與score的用法1.dozen(一打, 十二), score(二十)與具體數(shù)詞或與many, several 等連用時, 后不加-s, 所修飾的名詞前介詞of有無均可。但是習(xí)慣上score多與of連用, 而dozen很少與of連用。如: two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋, many dozen pencils好多打鉛筆; two score of eggs 40個雞蛋; three score of people 60個人。dozen, score的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接of時, 表示 “許多”。如: dozens o

7、f eggs幾十個雞蛋, scores of pencils幾十支鉛筆。2.當(dāng)所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these, those, my, your等或是修飾人稱代詞賓格them, us, you時, 這時需要加of。如: two dozen of these pens, three score of them。主謂一致謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致, 這叫主謂一致。在判定一個句子主謂是否一致時, 要遵循下列三個原則: 語法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z法一致” 就是從語法形式上取得一致, 即主語為單數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式; 主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”

8、 就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語一致的問題。主語形式為單數(shù), 但意義為復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動詞依意義而定, 也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆?是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語保持一致?？键c(diǎn)一 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式的情況1.主語為表示時間、距離、金錢、書名等整體概念的名詞時。Ten miles is not a long way for me. 十英里對我來說不是很長的距離。2.由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的單數(shù)名詞做主語, 前面由every/each/no修飾時。Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每個男孩和每個女孩都有一個蘋果。3.and連接的兩個詞是指同一

9、個人、同一事物或同一概念, 且兩個名詞共用一個冠詞時。A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now. 一位英語老師兼班主任現(xiàn)在正告訴我們關(guān)于義工們的一些情況。4.“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 做主語時。The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800. 出席會議的教授人數(shù)是1,800。5.動詞-ing形式、不定式或從句做主語時。What the teacher does and say

10、s is of great importance to the students. 老師做的事和說的話對學(xué)生很重要。6.“more than one+單數(shù)名詞” 和 “many a+單數(shù)名詞” 做主語時。More than one student has gone to Beijing. 不止一個學(xué)生去了北京。Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris. Delete it! Its a trick. Many a pe

11、rson has been cheated by such tricks. 嘿! 我手機(jī)上有一條短信, 告訴我我已獲得巴黎周末雙人游的一等獎。刪掉吧! 那是個騙局。許多人被這樣的短信騙過。7.“the+形容詞” 做主語, 表示一類抽象的事物時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定會取代舊事物?？键c(diǎn)二 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況1.有些集合名詞如: clothes, cattle, folk, people, police 等做主語, 后面的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The police are searching for the m

12、urderer. 警方正在搜尋兇手。2.“the+形容詞/過去分詞” 做主語, 表示某一類人時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The old are living a happy life now. 老人們現(xiàn)在生活幸福。3.由and或both.and.連接兩個單數(shù)名詞做主語時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 這家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售?？键c(diǎn)三 謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式視情況而定1.集合名詞如: group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, cro

13、wd, audience, club, party, crew等做主語時, 如果看成一個整體, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 如果側(cè)重其成員, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。My family has four people. My family all like watching football games. 我家有四口人。我的家人都喜歡觀看足球比賽。2.主語是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如: deer, sheep, fish, series, means, works, aircraft等時, 視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Every means has been tried, but none pro

14、ved successful. 每個辦法都嘗試過了, 但沒有一個是成功的。Many means have not come into effect. 許多方法都沒生效。3.代詞none, neither, all以及what引導(dǎo)的從句等做主語, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 我們所需要的就是一小塊土地, 在這兒我們可以在一年的生長

15、季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹。What they have are 200 computers. 他們擁有的就是二百臺電腦。4.population表示 “人口”, 即一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目, 它做主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時, population是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民, 它做主語時, 謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The population of Canada is about 36 million. 加拿大的人口數(shù)大約是3 600萬。Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers. 那個國家8

16、0%的人口是農(nóng)民。考點(diǎn)四 “名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語” 做主語時的主謂一致1.有時主語與謂語動詞之間插入一個介詞短語, 該短語對謂語動詞不產(chǎn)生影響。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. 森林火災(zāi)的危險不能輕視。2.當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, in addition to, as well as, as much as, more than, rather than, no less than, except, but, besi

17、des, including 等連接的單詞(詞組)時, 其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與它們前面的主語保持一致。Newspapers, as well as the Internet, play an important role in daily communication. 報紙, 還有互聯(lián)網(wǎng), 在日常交流中起到了重要的作用?？键c(diǎn)五 “名詞(或代詞)+of+名詞” 做主語時的主謂一致1.由some, plenty, a lot, lots, most, the rest, all, half, part或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞等短語做主語時, 謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果of后面

18、所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式。About one third of the books are well worth reading. 大約三分之一的書非常值得閱讀。Over 30% of the work has been finished. 30%以上的工作已經(jīng)完成了。2.由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名詞+of this kind(type, sort, part, piece, section, pair)等構(gòu)成的短語做主語時, 謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)

19、的一致。This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous. 這種動物很危險。3.“a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞” 做主語, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！發(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞” 做主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！癮 good/great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞” 做主語, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. 大量資金投放到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌錾??？键c(diǎn)六 就近原則1.由or,

20、 either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時, 謂語動詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. 不但他的家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。Are either you or your brother going to the party? 要么你要么是你的弟弟將要去參加這個聚會嗎? 2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數(shù)決定。There are some envelopes and paper

21、 for you. 有一些信封和紙張給你?？键c(diǎn)七 定語從句中的主謂一致1.在定語從句里, 關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等做主語時, 其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. 看過這部電影的請舉手。2.“one of+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句” 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is one of the boys who have been abroad. 湯姆是出過國的男孩之一。3.“the only one of+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句” 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 從

22、句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 他是唯一一個通過這次考試的學(xué)生。專項訓(xùn)練鞏固提升單句語法填空1.(2020廣西南寧高三二模)He doesnt think himself special and often stresses that he is just an ordinary kid who (love)reading about science and doing experiments. 2.(2020北京東城區(qū)高三二模)Most of our time at the d

23、esk (spend) wrestling with our imagination, and we know that a successful poem arrives on the back of failure. loves 該定語從句的先行詞為an ordinary kid, 故從句謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。is spent most of our time為第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 并且該句需用被動語態(tài), 故填is spent。3.(2020北京海淀區(qū)三模)Theres nothing better than flying to a foreign destination to vis

24、it the attractions it (have) to offer. 4.(2019遼寧八校聯(lián)考)Two-fifths of the land in that district (be) covered with trees now, about 80% of which were planted in the 1990s. has it (have) to offer是定語從句, 從句中主語為it, 故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式has。is “分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞” 做主語時, 謂語動詞要和分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞一致, land是不可數(shù)名詞, 所以填is。5.A respected person (s

25、peak) politely. speaks 主語A respected person為第三人稱單數(shù), 故用speaks。 6.She spends the entire day in her tiny studio, which (measure) less than 10 square metres altogether, filled with cloth shoes in various stages of completion.measures which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 先行詞為studio, 且measure在此處用作系動詞, 應(yīng)用主動形式表被動意義, 故用measures

26、。7.The number of heart attacks and strokes (rise) because of changes in our body clock.8.I think this is a phenomenon, which (call) for our great concern. rises the number of. 做主語時, 謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 calls 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 該句為定語從句, which指代a phenomenon, 故謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù);由I think this is可知, 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時, 故填calls。9.A g

27、roup of dogs (know) as “Therapy Dogs”. 10.Dr Barone (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them for free. are known 由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 本句缺少謂語動詞,“a group of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)” 做主語時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, dogs與know之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系, 此處描述的是一般情

28、況, 因此用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。operates 根據(jù)語境可知, 此處表示經(jīng)常做的事情, 故用一般現(xiàn)在時, 且由句子主語Dr Barone可知, 應(yīng)填operates, 與下文的goes和helps呼應(yīng)。11.Swimming in heated pools (be) very common in this part of the country in winter. 12.Without the new taxes, houses built before World War (have) lower costs than more modern houses do. is 此處為動詞-i

29、ng做主語, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時, 故用is。have 分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 該句的主語是houses, 且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時, 故此處用have。13.That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers (be) an understatement to those who are really familiar with the field of literature. 14.Neither the teacher nor the students (know) the solution to the maths problem. is That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers為that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句做主語, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 根據(jù)后文可知, 此處用一般現(xiàn)在時, 故用is。know neither. nor連接兩個并列的主語, 謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語the students, 且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時, 故用know。15.He is one of those people who (work) too hard. 16.F