英文各種從句詳解

1、請(qǐng)各位朋友補(bǔ)充說明，謝謝。1.主語從句1）主語從句可直接位于主語的位置，如果從句較長(zhǎng)，謂語又較短，可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有：*ltisafactapityaquestiongoodnewsthat.*ltseemsappearshappenedhasturnedoutthat.|*ltisclearimportantlikelypossiblethat.*Itissaidreportedestimatedhasbeenprovedthat.Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegene

2、ration.|Itseemsthattheperformaneeisveryuseful.2）what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“.的東西時(shí)”一般不用it作形式主語。Whatwelackisexperienee.3）what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義，但它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，都用陳述語序。Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.|IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.Tobecontinued:賓語從賓語從句1）賓語從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that?？墒÷?。介詞后一般接疑

3、問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。inthat（因?yàn)椋?exceptthat（除了）,butthat（只是）已構(gòu)成固定搭配，其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.2）

4、賓語從句后如有賓補(bǔ)，要用形式賓語it來代替，而把賓語從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3）在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，如果謂語是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上，賓語從句則變成肯定形式。Hedidntthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.Tobecontinued:表語從句表語從句表語從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等弓丨導(dǎo)外，還可由because,asif

5、（though）等弓丨導(dǎo)。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，不可用because.PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.Tobeconti

6、nued:同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明，一般用連詞that引導(dǎo)，由于先行名詞的意義不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語較短，將同位語從句位于謂語之后。Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.IhadnoideahowmanybooksI

7、couldborrowatatime.Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.Tobecontinued:定語從句定語從句定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是一個(gè)句子。定語從句通常位于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。*限制性定語從句限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之后，無逗號(hào)，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有時(shí)也可指物，相當(dāng)于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指

8、物，但只用于限制性定語從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語等。ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1）當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,somethin

9、g,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。Thatisallthatveheardfromhim.HesthefirstpersonthatImgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句，并且不可省略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語從句句末時(shí)，作為介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethings（whicht

10、hat）wehavetoputupwith.3）引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞+which的結(jié)構(gòu)。Evenincomicbookswhere（=inwhich）therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.5.定語從句*非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開，若省去，原句意思不受影

11、響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*介詞whose”引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞whose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.*as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)的定語從句主要用于“such.as及”thesame.

12、as的結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.（as代替先行詞problems）Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.（as代替主語）Tobecontinued:狀語從句狀語從句*時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有:when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until

13、,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.assoonas,hardly(scarcely).when,nosooner.than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessagereceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.*地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.Wherevershewent,shetookherl

14、ittledaughterwithher.*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語從句Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：so.that,such.that,sothat,that,so等。MickeyMouseiss

15、oattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等，從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。*條件和讓步狀語從句1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等。Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelineto

16、transmitcomputerdata.2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,evenif等引導(dǎo)狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)為形容詞(副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞)+as+主語+謂語”Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.Youngasheis,heisquiteexperieneedinthiswork.(=thoughhe