英語新聞報(bào)道結(jié)構(gòu)

1、關(guān)于英語新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)第一張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月英語新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)第二張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月I. IntroductionWhat is news?第三張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. News is a fresh report of events, facts, or opinions that people did not know before they read your story. 新聞就是針對(duì)人們讀你的報(bào)道以前還不知道的事 件、事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)的一種全新報(bào)道。 2. News is anything timely that int

2、erests a number of persons, and the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number. 凡是及時(shí)的、能引起一部分人興趣的東西, 便是新 聞。而最好的新聞則是那種能夠激起最大多數(shù)人最 大興趣的東西。 第四張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. News is any event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a co

3、mmunity and that is capable of being understood by them. 新聞是指人們能及時(shí)獲悉的事件、觀點(diǎn)或見解， 它能吸引或影響社會(huì)上的許多人，并能為他們所 理解。 4. News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance, use, or interest to aconsiderable number of persons in a publication audience. 新聞是對(duì)任何事物的及時(shí)報(bào)道，對(duì)于讀者群體中 的許多人來說，這類報(bào)道具有重要性、實(shí)用性或 趣味性。 第

4、五張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. If a dog bites a man, it is not news; if a man bites a dog, its (big) news. 狗咬人并非新聞，人咬狗才是（大）新聞。 第六張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月News is an account of what is happening around us. It may involve current events, new initiative or ongoing projects or issues. But news is not only about w

5、hats taking place of the day, it also concerns background analysis, opinions, human interest stories, etc.第七張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月A. Identify news categoriesthe nature of the reported events 1. hard news 2. soft news 第八張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Hard news is how journalists refer to news of the day. It is

6、a chronicle of current events / incidents and is the most common type of news printed on the front page of a typical newspaper. 第九張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月硬新聞關(guān)系到國計(jì)民生以及人們切身利益 的新聞。包括黨和國家的重大方針、政策的 制定和改變，時(shí)局變化，市場行情，股市漲 落，銀根松緊，疾病流行，天氣變化，重大 災(zāi)難事故等等。這類新聞為人們的政治、經(jīng) 濟(jì)、工作、日常生活的決策提供依據(jù)。 第十張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Soft news

7、 is a term for all the news that isnt time-sensitive（時(shí)效性）, including profiles of people, programs or organizations, etc.第十一張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月軟新聞：人情味較濃的社會(huì)新聞（社會(huì)花 邊新聞、娛樂新聞、體育新聞、服務(wù)性新聞 等），形式上通俗，注重趣味性。它沒有明 確的時(shí)間界定，多屬于延緩性新聞，無時(shí)間 的緊迫性。它和人們的切身利益無多大關(guān) 系，向受眾提供娛樂、開闊眼界、增長知 識(shí)、陶冶情操。 第十二張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月the con

8、tent of the reported events e.g. economic news, political news. Sports news, entertainment news, technology news, obituary, etc.the region of the reported events e.g. international news, domestic news, local news, etc.第十三張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月the issuing medium of the reported events e.g. print news,

9、 broadcast news, TV news, online news, etc.第十四張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月B. Identify news stylesThere are mainly four news styles which are (1) news reporting (消息報(bào)道 )(2) feature (特寫)(3)editorial (社論) (4)advertisement (廣告)第十五張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月II. News StructureA. The lead Every hard news article starts

10、with a lead the first 1-2 sentences that summarize the most interesting point of the article. The lead should be brief yet catchy , giving the reader an instant sense of what the article is about and making him or her want to read more. 第十六張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月新聞導(dǎo)語是新聞報(bào)道開頭的第一段文字，也是最重要的部分，通常是標(biāo)題的展開形式，記

11、者必須把新聞時(shí)間的主要情節(jié)用一兩句化概括在新聞導(dǎo)語的第一段里。這是新聞報(bào)道的精華所在。按照新聞報(bào)道的要求，導(dǎo)語盡可能回答個(gè)和一個(gè)即hat（何事）、ho（何人）、here（何地）、hy（為何）和ow（如何）。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)曾被西方新聞界視為金科玉律，但是由于新聞導(dǎo)語趨于愈來愈短，因此，新聞導(dǎo)語現(xiàn)在一般未必包含所有的新聞要素，而是突出其中最重要的新聞要素，其他要素可放在以下的段落。第十七張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月DENVER, Colorado (AP) A lightning strike at a golf course driving range Saturday killed a

12、 man and injured his 16-year-old son, a fire department spokeswoman saidWhen SaturdayWhere At a golf courseWho A man and his sonWhat Lightning killed the man and injured his son第十八張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more in front of the television are

13、at risk of developing sleeping problem later in life, new research reports.Who TeenagersWhat Teenagers may develop sleep problemsWhen Later in their lifeHow Spending three hours or more in front of TV第十九張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月By EMMA ROSS, AP Medical Writer BANGKOK, Thailand-Asias bird flu death toll

14、rose to 12 with the announcement Monday of two additional deaths, while China said it suspected the virus has reached poultry in one of its most remote cornersWhen Monday, Where ThailandWhat Bird flu death toll rose to 12Who Thailand and China第二十張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月In a soft news story , however ,

15、the lead should present the subject of the story by allusion (暗示; 引喻 ) . This type of opening is somewhat literary (文學(xué)的 ). Like a novelist (小說家) , the role of the writer is to grab the attention of the reader.第二十一張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月B. The 5 “Ws” and the H News articles, especially a hard news stor

16、y, always include the essentialswho, what, where, when, why and how. Good news writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event in the first two or three paragraphs. 第二十二張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Who is involved? Who made a scientific discovery? Whos speaking at a forum? Who

17、made the donation? Who organized the new staff group? (Not just names, but titles and brief backgrounds if necessary.)第二十三張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月What is the nature of the news story or event? Is it about a scientific discovery, an economic conference, a delivered speech, a heavy flood or casualty in t

18、he Middle East?Where is the news or event taking place?When will (or did) the event take place? What time and date is the event, or when will someone be available for an interview if needed?第二十四張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Why is the story newsworthy? Tell readers why they should care. Who will be affected

19、by this news and how? In other words, what distinguishes the story or event from others?How usually describes the manner in which the action occurs. 第二十五張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月C. “inverted pyramid” structureJournalism instructors usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. This