增壓柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正確使用和保養(yǎng)

1、增壓柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正確使用和保養(yǎng)1、車用增壓柴油機(jī)在增壓器發(fā)生故障后、可否拆掉增壓器，使柴油機(jī)連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)？作為應(yīng)急措施，可以在汽車行 駛途中，增壓器發(fā)生故障無法馬上修復(fù)時(shí)拆去增壓器，使車輛駛向最近的一汽服務(wù)站，實(shí)行措施盡快排解增壓器的故 障。由于，當(dāng)增壓器拆去后，柴油機(jī)的動(dòng)力性能必定會下降，燃油消耗也會提升。在拆卸渦輪增壓器時(shí)，應(yīng)將柴油機(jī)氣缸體上原通向渦輪增壓器的進(jìn)、回油管分別用螺塞堵塞住，使機(jī)油壓力腔不 泄壓，肯定不要將進(jìn)、出油口聯(lián)通，這將使柴油機(jī)潤滑機(jī)油無法形成足夠的機(jī)油壓力，進(jìn)而發(fā)生燒損柴油機(jī)曲軸、連 桿等零件的惡性事故。2、在增壓柴油機(jī)使用過程中最關(guān)鍵的留意事項(xiàng)是什么？答：最關(guān)鍵的是保證增

2、壓器轉(zhuǎn)子軸承的壓力潤滑。增壓器的轉(zhuǎn)子組件，在工作時(shí)的額定轉(zhuǎn)速高達(dá)每分鐘10萬轉(zhuǎn) 以上，這樣高的轉(zhuǎn)速下，任何滾動(dòng)軸承已無法正常工作。所以增壓器所采納的是用壓力油把軸托浮起來的液壓軸承。 保持肯定壓力的潤滑油，在特殊設(shè)計(jì)的軸承壓力室中，產(chǎn)生一個(gè)向中心的力、保持軸與套不產(chǎn)生金屬接觸磨損。同時(shí) 循環(huán)流淌的壓力油還把運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中的熱量帶走，保證軸承的工作溫度在允許的范圍內(nèi)。為此，使用增壓柴油機(jī)的司機(jī)伴侶們要關(guān)注以下兒點(diǎn)：（1）增壓柴油機(jī)在每次啟動(dòng)后要怠速運(yùn)行35分鐘，使機(jī)油泵工作正常并建立必要的機(jī)油壓力，保證壓力油到 達(dá)位于柴油機(jī)最上端的增壓器軸承處。（2）不要突然關(guān)機(jī)停車，應(yīng)漸漸降低柴油機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速到怠速運(yùn)行

3、35分鐘，待增壓器轉(zhuǎn)子的轉(zhuǎn)速大幅度下降后再關(guān) 閉油門。（3）新車啟動(dòng)前或長期封存不用的增壓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)再次啟動(dòng)前，要在增壓器進(jìn)油口加注純潔機(jī)油50ml以上（牌號與 柴油機(jī)油相同）。3、增壓器在全負(fù)荷工作時(shí)，廢氣渦輪外殼燒呈暗紅色高溫狀態(tài)屬正常嗎?它的極限工作溫度是多少？柴油機(jī)正常排氣溫度在600-700,而增壓柴油機(jī)的高溫燃?xì)庠跍u殼內(nèi)推動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子高速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)、渦殼的溫度能達(dá) 到近750,外殼在黑暗環(huán)境下呈暗紅色屬正?，F(xiàn)象，它的極限溫度在1023K （750）o當(dāng)增壓器渦殼溫度過高時(shí)，往 往發(fā)生柴油機(jī)工作不正常，增壓器轉(zhuǎn)子超轉(zhuǎn)速現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)馬上降低負(fù)荷停車檢查，以防燒損渦輪局部零件，高溫的主 要緣由如下：（1）柴

4、油機(jī)噴油泵供油量過大，柴油機(jī)工作粗暴或燃燒不完全，排氣溫度提升。噴油泵調(diào)速失靈而。飛車”引 起增壓器轉(zhuǎn)子超速，也要發(fā)生高溫。（2）柴油機(jī)噴油咀噴射壓力低，積碳，霧化不好，燃燒不良。（5）噴油泵的出油閥或柱塞嚴(yán)峻磨損，形成二次噴射燃燒不充分。（4）噴油提前角過小、柴油燃燒時(shí)間短促，燃燒不完全。（5）排氣背壓高、排氣不暢，排氣散熱力量減弱。（6）增壓壓力下降（可能是進(jìn)氣不暢，空濾器堵塞，或進(jìn)氣管漏氣）進(jìn)入氣缸空氣少、燃燒不良而高溫。4、 渦輪增壓器采納什么牌號的機(jī)油?在使用潤滑油中的日常質(zhì)量掌握有哪些？答：增壓器長期在高溫燃?xì)飧g條件下工 作，軸承溫度很高，工作條件惡劣。所用潤滑油必需具備防止高溫

5、沉積，抗腐蝕和抗氧化力量。所以應(yīng)采納CD級潤 滑油，推舉使用15W40CD級或15W30CD級。加注機(jī)油要留意機(jī)油的清潔度，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求雜質(zhì)顆粒度不大于0.015mm,當(dāng)添加補(bǔ)充機(jī)油時(shí)要使用同一品牌機(jī)油。 由于增壓器與柴油機(jī)共用同一油池（油底殼），所以日常檢查要留意機(jī)油是否變質(zhì)，有無柴油漏入而稀釋的問題。對 整機(jī)三濾進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)時(shí)，要特殊留意增壓器油路上的暢通，濾清器臟了要準(zhǔn)時(shí)更換，漏油處準(zhǔn)時(shí)修復(fù)。5、增壓柴油機(jī) 日常保養(yǎng)時(shí)有關(guān)增壓器局部要做哪些工作？（1）檢查各連接部位的堅(jiān)固性緊固松動(dòng)的連接螺栓或螺母。（2）檢查各環(huán)節(jié)的密封性，各部接口無漏氣現(xiàn)象，特殊留意壓氣機(jī)后的環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)生漏氣，將影響到壓縮比，進(jìn)而

6、 造勝利率下降，油耗增加。（3）渦輪增壓器屬于精密產(chǎn)品，只要運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)，無漏油現(xiàn)象一般不允許拆卸保養(yǎng)，但在運(yùn)行過程中覺察有異響 或特別狀況，那么要停機(jī)，然后拆開壓氣機(jī)殼和空濾連接處，手動(dòng)檢查轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的敏捷性，細(xì)心觀看和傾聽有無葉輪與 殼體的擦碰聲。(4)檢查有無漏機(jī)油的現(xiàn)象，特殊留意渦輪外殼工作時(shí)溫度很高，機(jī)油泄漏接觸渦殼會引起火災(zāi)。當(dāng)增壓器產(chǎn)生不正常噪音時(shí)、決不能連續(xù)使用、否那么有可能導(dǎo)致發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)全面損壞。應(yīng)找出緣由，加以消退。必要 時(shí)先關(guān)閉發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。然后對增壓器進(jìn)行檢查。用手撥動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子，假設(shè)很快停止或有碰擦聲，應(yīng)按修理手冊進(jìn)行增壓器拆檢.也 可送至有條件修理站修復(fù)。留意：必需持增壓器發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停機(jī)后才

7、可脫開壓氣機(jī)前管道，否那么運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中的增壓器會因壓氣機(jī)端強(qiáng)大的吸力，造成人員 損害。此外可能有外來物吸入增壓器而損壞葉輪。Proper use and maintenance of the supercharged diesel engines1 cars with turbocharged diesel engine turbocharger failure, can tear down the turbocharger, the diesel engine to continue running? As an emergency measure, traveling in the car on

8、 the way, turbocharger failure can not be repaired immediately to remove the supercharger the vehicle towards the FAW service station, to take measures as soon as possible to rule out the failure of the turbocharger. When the turbocharger is removed, the dynamic performance of the diesel engine will

9、 inevitably decline in fuel consumption will rise.In the disassembly of the turbocharger, the diesel engine cylinder body Uehara should to the turbocharger inlet and return pipe plug to plug to live, not relief, must not enter the oil pressure chamber, the oil export Unicom This will allow the diese

10、l engine lubricating oil is not enough oil pressure, and then burning of the diesel engine crankshafts, connecting rods and other parts of the serious accident.What is the most critical in the process of turbocharged diesel engine use precautions?A: The most crucial is to ensure that the pressure of

11、 the turbocharger rotor bearing lubrication. Turbocharger rotor assembly, in the work of the rated speed up to more than 100 000 per minute, turn, such a high speed, Rolling does not work. Turbocharger oil pressure axis prop float hydraulic bearing. To maintain a certain pressure, lubricating oil, i

12、n a specially designed bearing pressure chamber, resulting in a force to the center, to keep the shaft and the sleeve does not produce metal contact wear. Also during operation of the circular flow of oil pressure in the heat away, to ensure that the bearing operating temperature range allowed.To th

13、is end, turbocharged diesel engine driver friends to pay attention to the following:turbocharged diesel engine to be idle after every time you start to run for 3-5 minutes, so that the oil pump is working properly and establish the necessary oil pressure to ensure that the oil pressure reaches the t

14、urbocharger bearing in diesel engine top.Do not shut down suddenly stop, should gradually reduce the engine speed to idle running for 3-5 minutes, until the turbocharger rotor speed dropped significantly and then close the throttle.a new car before the start of long-term storage without the supercha

15、rged engine is started again before the turbocharger inlet to raise more than pure oil 50ml (grade diesel engine oil).the turbocharger in the working hours of full load, the exhaust turbine housing burned dark red high temperature is normal? Its operating temperature limit is how much?Normal diesel

16、engine exhaust temperature of 600 -700 , high temperature gas turbocharged diesel engine driven vortex shell rotor high-speed rotation, the the volute temperature can reach nearly 750 C, the shell in the dark, dark red is a normal phenomenon, its limit temperature of 1023 K (750 C). Often occurs whe

17、n the high temperature of the turbocharger turbine housing of the diesel engine is not working properly, the super speed of the turbocharger rotor phenomenon should immediately reduce the load stop and check, to prevent burning of the turbine part of the parts, high temperature of the main reasons a

18、re as follows:diesel fuel injection pump oil excessive diesel crude or incomplete combustion, the exhaust temperature. Failure of fuel injection pump governor. Speed caused by the turbocharger rotor speeding, but also of high temperature.diesel fuel injection nozzle injection pressure is low, carbon

19、 deposition, atomization burning bad.(5) fuel injection pump delivery valve or plunger severe wear, the formation of secondary injection combustion is not sufficient.fuel injection advance angle is too small, diesel combustion time is short, incomplete combustion.high exhaust back pressure, poor exh

20、aust, exhaust cooling capacity weakened.boost pressure drop (which may be poor intake, air filter blockage, or intake manifold leak) into the cylinder air less burning of poor high temperature. Turbocharger with what brand of oil? In the use of oil in the daily quality control? A: turbocharger long-

21、term high-temperature gas corrosion conditions, the high bearing temperature, poor working conditions. The lubricant must possess to prevent the high temperature deposition, corrosion resistance and antioxidant capacity. So CD grade lubricants should be used, it is recommended to use 15W-40CD level

22、or 15W-30CD-leveLFilling oil to pay attention to the cleanliness of the oil, the standard requirements of the impurity particle size less than 0.015mm, to use the same brand of oil when adding a supplementary oil. The supercharger and diesel engines share the same oil sump (oil pan), so routine insp

23、ections should pay attention to the oil whether the deterioration, and whether the diesel fuel leak into the problem of dilution. Three filter on the machine for maintenance, to pay special attention to the smooth flow of the turbocharger oil on the road, the filter is dirty to the timely replacemen

24、t of the oil spill at the timely repair. 5, the routine maintenance of the turbocharged diesel engine turbocharger part to do what?Connection (1) Check all joints solid fastening loose bolts or nuts.Check the link in the tightness of ministries interface leakage phenomenon, special attention to the

25、after part of the compressor air leak will affect the compression ratio, thereby causing the power drop, increases fuel consumption.The turbocharger is a precision product, smooth operation, leakage generally does not permit the demolition and maintenance, but abnormal sound or abnormal conditions found during operation, will have to stop, and then open the compressor shell and empty filter connections and the flexibility to manually check for rotor rotation, and carefully observe and listen to whether the impeller an