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1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案之狀語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):使學(xué)生懂得狀語(yǔ)從句的定義,句法功能,分類,引導(dǎo)詞,及各類狀語(yǔ)從句的用法聯(lián)系高考試題提高學(xué)生分析和解決問題的能力。學(xué)習(xí)方法:自主學(xué)習(xí)講義內(nèi)容,獨(dú)立完成題目并且小組討論達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)和鞏固練習(xí)。概念及分類:句子可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句,并列句和復(fù)合句;復(fù)合句中從句可分為定語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。用來修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、其它動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句可分為:1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句;3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句;4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句;5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句;6.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;7.比較狀語(yǔ)從句;8.方式狀語(yǔ)從句;9.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,while和

2、as1,when,觀察下面例句,總結(jié)其用法:WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.總結(jié):從句表示的動(dòng)作,主句和從句的先后關(guān)系。在下列句子中,when的含義是:,做為并列連詞。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.WewereabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorainShewasonthepointofgoingtoshopwhenthetelephonerang.Hardlyha

3、dIarrivedwhenthetrainleft.Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhensomeoneaskedhimtoplaybasketball.總結(jié)::觀察下列句子中when的含義:Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotsuchagoodone?when表示條件,意思接近“在情況下”whenever:IgotothetheaterwheneverIgetthechance.(每當(dāng),每次)Come

4、andseemewheneveryouwantto.(在任何時(shí)候)2,while,觀察例句并總結(jié)用法:Wewerelistening/listenedtotheradiowhilehewasreadingnewspaper.Iliketeawhilehelikecoffee.Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.TOC o 1-5 h z總結(jié):while引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須,常用時(shí)。作為并列連詞,表示,翻譯成;語(yǔ)氣比but。把while的含義寫在后面括號(hào)內(nèi):)Whilewedidntagree,wecontinuetobegoodfriends.

5、(Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idontknowthemwell.(Whilethereislife,thereishope.(Striketheironwhileitishot.(總結(jié):while除了引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句外,還可以引導(dǎo)。3.as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:Astimegoeson,itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)發(fā)生,可譯為或者溫馨提示:當(dāng)主句表示的是短暫的動(dòng)作,而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí),whe

6、n,while,as可互換使用。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.題組訓(xùn)練用while,when,as填空:_Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.Howcanhegetgoodgradeshewontstudy?Iwaswanderingthrou

7、ghthestreetIcaughtsightofatailorsshop.thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner.than.,hardly(scarecely,barely).when.這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生,常譯為ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearri

8、vedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.TOC o 1-5 h z注意:在nosooner.than.;hardly/scarcely/barely.when結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用,從句使用時(shí)態(tài)。此外,當(dāng)把nosooner或hardly等提到句首時(shí),應(yīng)用語(yǔ)序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=Hardly.Ihadnosoonercomehomethanitbegantorain.=Nosooner.題組訓(xùn)練英譯漢:Theyphonedimmedia

9、telytheyreachedhome.TheyearmybrotherjoinedthearmyIgraduatedfromthehighschool.Ihadwaitedfor3hoursbythetimethetrainarrived.(注意主句時(shí)態(tài):)EverytimeIseeher,sheisalwaysbusy.Iwanttoseeherthemomentshearrives.表示時(shí)間的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)也可以引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,如:tilluntil和not.untilHeremainedthereuntilshearrived.Youmaystayhereuntiltherainst

10、ops.Hewontgotobeduntilshereturns.UntilyoutoldmeIhavenoideaofit.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.觀察以上各句,找出用法。肯定句:主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是,意為某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止。否定句:主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是,意為某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始??梢杂糜诰涫?,而不可以。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中notuntil兩詞在一起不分開;句首時(shí),要倒裝。題組訓(xùn)練句型轉(zhuǎn)換Ididntleaveuntilshecameback.shecame

11、backleave.notuntilshecamebackI.before,after和sincebefore,在之前:翻譯下面的句子:Lookbeforeyouleap.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.把下列各句中的before的含義寫在后面:Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.()Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.()Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.()BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeas

12、uredme()before構(gòu)成的固定句型,看例句總結(jié):Itwillbeayearbeforeyouleaveschool.ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.Itwillbe+before(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用)Itwas+before(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用)since:IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysinceheleftschool.Ihaveseenhertwicesincehelivedhere.總結(jié):since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般動(dòng)詞,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性或

13、者反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。主句時(shí)態(tài)為,從句時(shí)態(tài)為。從句動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,則表示。概括since構(gòu)成的句型,:ItisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeoutItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.把以上句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。在“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句”句型中,時(shí)間的計(jì)算一律從從句的動(dòng)作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。3.after在之后Iwilltellthemafteryouleave(youhaveleave).Itoldthemafteryouleft/hadleft.你能發(fā)現(xiàn)after之后的時(shí)態(tài)嗎?

14、三地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)從句1地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞為和_.請(qǐng)?zhí)顚懀篩ouarefreetogoyoulike.Gobackyoucomefrom.Makeamarkyouhaveanyquestions.翻譯下列句子:Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Whereverthereissmoke,thereisafire.以上兩句where從句表示抽象含義,從句必須放在主句之前。注意區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句題組訓(xùn)練,判斷下列各句中包括什么從句:TOC o 1-5 h zGobacktotheplacewhereyoucomefrom.()Thisistheshopwh

15、ereIboughtmybike.()Gobackwhereyoucomefrom.()Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.()總結(jié):你是根據(jù)什么作出判斷的?原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞:because,as,since,nowthat,每個(gè)連詞的含義不盡相同,觀察例句總結(jié)用法:Whywereyouabsentfromthemeeting?BecauseIwasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourclass.Sinceyouarebusy,youd

16、onthavetogo.總結(jié):because表示,用來回答提出的問題;as和since表示,as可以翻譯成,since翻譯成;as的位置可以在主句前或者后,而since,nowthat只能在主句.此外,for,并列連詞,也可表示原因,起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.目的狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有從屬連詞Iwillspeakslowlyyoucanunderstandme.wemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.在口語(yǔ)中,sothat引導(dǎo)從句時(shí),可以省略

17、。Wewillseatnearthefrontso(that)wecanhearmoreclearly.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreehisfather(should)seehim.forfearthat,incase,lest引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用should+動(dòng)詞原形。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有觀察例句,概括結(jié)構(gòu):Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttog

18、otothepark.Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldntsupporthisfamily.當(dāng)so或such置于句首時(shí),主要倒裝語(yǔ)序。Socleverastudentthathewasabletoworkoutthedifficultproblem.題組訓(xùn)練:用so或such填空Itissurprisingthatlittlewormseatmanygrains.HeissmartaboythatIlikehimverymuch.Canyoubelievethatinarichcountrythereshouldbemanypoorpeople?思考:such.

19、as結(jié)構(gòu)中,as引導(dǎo)的是什么從句?觀察下面的句子并作出回答:Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Pleasesendsuchonesasyouhavetomorrow.比較such.that并得出結(jié)論:條件狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句從屬連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.Youwillfailtheexamyoustudyhard.youdontloseheart,youwillsucceed.當(dāng)if從句的條件不是真實(shí)的或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件時(shí),要用.IfI(know)hisaddress,I(tell)you.I

20、fyou(come)hereyesterday,you(see)her.Ifit(rain)tomorrow,I(stay)athome.條件狀語(yǔ)從句中也可以省略Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.Hehasnomoney.If(thereis)any,hewillgiveyousome.Weallknowthat,if(itis)notcarefullydealtwith,thesituationwillgetworse.在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)態(tài)問題:Youwillfindawayifyouuseyourhead.Dontleavetheroomunlesstheteach

21、ertellsyouto.方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞有Doasyouaretoldto,oryouwillbefired.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.4.IfeelasifIhaveafever.asif或asthrough引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)需要用語(yǔ)氣。從句中也可以采用省略形式:Shestoodatthegate,asif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.溫馨提示:在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,讓步,條件及方式狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)和從句的主語(yǔ)一致,并且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,從句中的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞一塊兒省略。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀

22、語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有Heisunhappy,hehasalotofmoney.itwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.Iwerebusy,IwouldgoEventhough/ifitisraining,I(go)there.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中的表語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首,需用倒裝語(yǔ)序。漢譯英(as):盡管他是孩子,她卻懂得很多。雖然我很喜歡它,但我不會(huì)買的,因?yàn)樗F了。,Iwontbuyit,foritstooexpensive.不管他怎樣努力,還是找不到工作。,hecouldntfindajob.though

23、引導(dǎo)的從句可以倒裝,也可以不倒裝;although引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrueWhateveryousay(=),hewontbelieveyou.Wherever(=)yougo,Iwillgo.Whoever(=)youare,youmustobeytherules.While在正式文體中,也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,如:WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idontagreethattheycantbesolved.比較狀語(yǔ)從句than,as.asHeistallerthanI(am)Tomisasoldas

24、hisbrother(is).Hestudiesharderthanweexpect.IadmireandrespectyoumorethanIcansay.翻譯下面的句子:Ilikeyoubetterthanhe(likesyou)Iknowyoubetterthan(Ido)herthan為從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,因此后面跟人稱代詞的主格形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常省略than做介詞,則可以跟人稱代詞的賓格。思考:as有哪些用法,你知道嗎?請(qǐng)你寫在下面的橫線上:真題匯總:09真題(2009安徽卷)一Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.-Thefirstt

25、woarefreethethirdcosts$30.A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before(2009北京卷)Johnplaysbasketballwell,hisfavoritesportisbadminton.A.soB.orC.yetD.for(2009北京卷)Youmayusetheroomasyoulikeyoucleanitupafterwards.A.sofarasB.solongasC.incaseD.evenif(2009福建卷)Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthe

26、pianoyesterday.A.whenB.whileC.afterD.since(2009湖南卷)thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.A.AlthoughB.AslongasC.IfonlyD.Assoonas(09江蘇卷)unemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.A.BeforeB.WhereC.UnlessD.Until(09江西卷Acco

27、rdingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerawoman.A.thanB.suchC.soD.as(09遼寧卷)Itjustisntfair.Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendswerelyingonthebeach.A.wheneverB.thoughC.forD.while(09遼寧卷)PetersjacketlookedjustthesameasJacks,butitcosthis.A.asmuchtwiceasB.twiceasmuchasC.muchastwice

28、asD.astwicemuchas(09全國(guó)II)Allthedishesinthismenu,otherwisestated,willservetwotothreepeople.A.asB.ifC.thoughD.unless(09山東卷)Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?itdoesntmin.A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If(09陜西卷)MyparentsdontmindwhatjobIdoIamhappy.AeventhoughBassoonasCaslongasDasthough(09上海卷)TheGreatWallistouristattra

29、ctionthatmillionsofpeoplepourineveryyear.A.soawell-knownB.asowell-knownC.suchwell-knownaD.suchawell-known(09上海卷)Youcantborrowbooksfromtheschoollibraryyougetyourstudentcard.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as(2009四川卷)OwenwouldnteatanythinghecookedithimselfA.untilB.sinceC.unlessD.while(2009四川卷)Myuncleshouseinthed

30、owntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwiceexpensive.A.asB.soC.tooD.very(2009浙江卷)Theincomesofskilledworkerswentup.,unskilledworkerssawtheirearningsfall.AMoreoverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.Otherwise(2009浙江卷)Themedicineworksmoreeffectivelyyoudrinksomehotwateraftertakingit.AasBuntilCalthoughDif(2009重慶卷)

31、PeterwassoexcitedhereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriendtovisitChongqing.A.whereB.thatC.whyD.when08真題Allpeople,theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.(2008重慶B)A.evenifB.whetherC.nomatterD.howeverYoudbetternotleavethemedicinekidscangetatit.(2008山東)A.evenifB.

32、whichC.whereD.sothatIusedtolovethatfilmIwasachild,butIdontfeelitthatwayanymore.(2008遼寧卷)A.onceB.whenC.sinceD.althoughLaterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(2008江西卷)A.whereB.whenC.whoD.whichHaveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?Yes,

33、Imgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.(2008安徽卷)A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.IfpossibleNancyenjoyedherselfsomuchshevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.(2008福建)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereTheartistwasbornpoor,poorheremainedallhislife.(2008重慶)A.andB.orC.butD.soWellhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayitrains

34、oritsverycold.(2008天津卷)A.sinceB.ifC.unlessD.untilThereweresomechairsleftovereveryonehadsatdown.(2008四川卷)A.whenB.untilC.thatD.whereInsomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneymenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.(2008四川卷)A.butB.whileC.becauseD.thoughHefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginni

35、ngtofail(2008山東)A.thoughB.forC.butD.soAsmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthreeyouneedmorespaceforbaggage.(全國(guó)卷II)A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unlessHaveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?Idontmindwherewegotheressun,seaandbeach.(2008全國(guó)卷1)A.asitB.aslongasC.nowthatD.inorderMyEnglishteachershumorwasmakeeverystudentb

36、urstintolaughter.(2008江西卷)A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchthatD.sothatIthoughtwedbelatefortheconcert,weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.(2008湖南卷)A.butB.orC.soD.fortheInternetisofgreathelp,Idontthinkitsagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.(2008湖南卷)A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.AsDidyoureturnFredscall?IdidntneedtoIllseehimt

37、omorrow.(2008北京卷)A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.becauseImsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolong,butitllstillbesometimeBriangetback.(2008北京卷)A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.afterDoyouhaveaminute?Ivegotsomethingtotellyou.Ok,youmakeitshort.(2008安徽卷)A.nowthatB.ifonlyC.solongasD.everytimePleaseremindmeofthemeetingagaintomorrowIfor

38、get.(2008上海春招)A.thoughtB.sothatC.incaseD.until17.thisisonlyasmalltown,itscrowdedwithtouristswhocomehereallyearround.(2008上海春招)A.SinceB.UnlessC.OnceD.Although-AreyoureadyforSpain?-Yes,Iwantthegirlstoexperiencethattheyareyoung.(20XX年上海卷)A.whileB.untilC.ifD.beforewellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotoflu

39、ckinmountainclimbing.(20XX年上海卷)A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although07真題Iwontcallyou,somethingunexpectedhappens.2007全國(guó)卷IA.unlessB.whetherC.becauseD.whileWeallknowthat,thesituationwillgetworse.2007全國(guó)卷IA.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwi

40、thhehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.2007全國(guó)卷IIA.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.WhenPopmusicissuchanimportantpartofsocietyithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.2007上海卷A.asB.thatC.whichD.whereSmallsailboatscaneasilyturnoverinthewatertheyarenotmanagedcarefully.2007上海卷A.thoughB.beforeC.untilD.ifIreallydontlikeart,

41、Ifindhisworkimpressive.2007山東卷AAsBSinceCIfDWhileThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimewemeetthemagain.2007安徽卷A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.whenLeaveyourkeywithaneighbor_youlockyourselfoutoneday2007北京卷A.eversinceB.evenifC.soonafterD.incaseThevillagehasdevelopedalotwelearnedfar

42、mingtwoyearsago.2007福建卷A.whenB.whichC.thatD.whereYouwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewyouhaveconfidence.2007福建卷A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.thoughMostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees,buttheyhaveeggsoryoungchicks,theydontuseanest.2007湖南卷A.whyB.howC.unlessD.whereHewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonthshecou

43、ldreceoverandretumtowork.2007江西卷A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.thatthereisasnowstormorsomeotherbadweal.her,themailalwayscomesontime.2007上海春ABecauseBIfCWhenDUnlesstomorrow,ourshipwillsetsailforMacao.2007上海春AHowevertheweatherislikeBHoweveristheweatherlikeCWhateveristheweatherlikeDWhatevertheweatherislikeItisd

44、ifficultforustolearnalessoninlifeweveactuallyhadthatlesson.2007天津A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.whenManyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,theyknewittobevaluable.2007浙江A.asifB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.sothatMyparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehousethereisapowerout.2007重慶卷A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.sothatWehadtowaithalfanhourwehadalreadybookedatable.2007遼寧卷A.sinceB.althoughC.untilD.before參考答案:二1.可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;主句和從句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以主句所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之后。這時(shí),當(dāng)時(shí),那時(shí)候;was/weredoing.when.;beabouttodo.when;beonthepointofdoing.when;hadjustdone

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