2019-2021年三年高考英語真題及解析

1、2019年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(全國卷)英語注意事項：1答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。選擇題答案速填123456789101112131415BABCACBACCBACAB161718192021222324252627282930ACBACBDDBAACDCB313233343536373839404142434445DCABAEAGC

2、DDCCBA464748495051525354555657585960CDCABDABDACBDAB第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A19.15 B9.18.C9.15.答案是C。1Where does this conversation

3、take place?AIn a classroom.BIn a hospital.CIn a museum.2What does Jack want to do?ATake fitness classes.BBuy a pair of gym shoes.CChange his work schedule.3What are the speakers talking about?AWhat to drink.BWhere to meet.CWhen to leave.4What is the relationship between the speakers?AColleagues.BCla

4、ssmates.CStrangers.5Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?AShe might want a ticket.BShe is looking for the man.CShe has an extra ticket.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6How long d

5、id James run his business?A10 years.B13 years.C15 years.7How does the woman feel about James situation?AEmbarrassed.BConcerned.CDisappointed.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8What has Kates mother decided to do?AReturn to school.BChange her job.CRetire from work.9What did Kates mother study at college?AOil painting.

6、BArt history.CBusiness administration.10What is Kates attitude toward her mothers decision?ADisapproving.BAmbiguous.CUnderstanding.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11What is the man doing?AChairing a meeting.BHosting a radio program.CConducting a job interview.12What benefits Mary most in her job?AHer wide reading.

7、BHer leaders guidance.CHer friends help.13Who will Mary talk about next?AHer teacher.BHer father.CHer mother.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14Why does the man seldom do exercise?AHe lacks motivation.BHe has a heart problem.CHe works all the time.15What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do?AHes an athlete.BHes a rese

8、archer.CHes a journalist.16Why does the woman speak of a study?ATo encourage the man.BTo recommend an exercise.CTo support her findings.17How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly?A300 minutes.B150 minutes.C75 minutes.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18What did the scientists do to the road?AThey

9、 repaired it.BThey painted it.CThey blocked it.19Why are young birds drawn to the road surface?AIts warm.BIts brown.CIts smooth.20What is the purpose of the scientists experiment?ATo keep the birds there for a whole year.BTo help students study the birds well.CTo prevent the birds from being killed.

10、第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ANeed a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student？Go to the government website

11、 to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills，find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province，you could be eligible(符合條件)for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment

12、 along with training.Who is eligible：Youth 1518 years old in select communities(社區(qū))Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible：Students aged 1529，returning to school in the fall.

13、Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource managemant projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(機

14、會)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service，its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for

15、persons with a disability.【語篇解讀】主題：人與自我(做人與做事)；話題：暑期工作公告。本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了省政府及其合作者提供的面向學生的四則暑期工作公告。21What is special about Summer Company?AIt requires no training before employment.BIt provides awards for running new businesses. CIt allows one to work in the natural environment.DIt offers more summer j

16、ob opportunities.B細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵詞Summer Company可直接定位到第二則暑期工作公告，而且瀏覽四則暑期工作公告可以發(fā)現，只有Summer Company的介紹里提到了awards (獎勵)以及$ 3，000這樣的字眼，由此可知Summer Company的特別之處在于B項“它為經營新業(yè)務提供獎勵”。22What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A1518.B1524. C1529.D1617.D細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵詞Stewardship Youth Ra

17、nger Program可直接定位到第三則暑期工作公告。根據本部分中的關鍵信息句“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，這個項目的年齡要求是16歲或17歲，且在今年12月31日前不能滿18歲，故選D項“16至17歲”。23Which program favors the disabled?AJobs for Youth.BSummer Company.CStewardship Youth Ranger Program.DSummer Employmen

18、t Opportunities.D細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵詞the disabled(殘疾人)可直接定位到最后一則暑期工作公告中的persons with a disability，兩者屬于典型的同義詞替換，故選D項。這個項目對殘疾人在年齡方面給予了特別照顧。方法技巧細節(jié)理解題答案與原文掛鉤，可在文中找到答案，但往往與原文中的語句并不完全相同，而是用不同的詞語或句型結構表達相同的意思。在本題中，我們可以由題干中的the disabled定位到persons with a disability，從而迅速鎖定答案，提高正確率和答題效率。練后拾詞deadline n截止日期depend on 取

19、決于available adj.可獲得的handson adj.實際操作的長難句分析If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province，you could be eligible for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.如果你是居住在該省某些地區(qū)的青少年，你就有資格參加這個項目，它提供八周的帶薪就業(yè)和培訓。分析：本句是一個主從復合句。if引導條件狀語從句，從句中l(wèi)iving in certain p

20、arts of the province是現在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾a teenager。which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training是which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾this program。BFor Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8yearold is the joker of the class.With

21、shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on the “l(fā)d，”a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“.Vote

22、for.me.”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants，Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year，when

23、called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as the

24、ir new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of the secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the proj

25、ect is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”【語篇解讀】主題：人與自我(生活與學習)；話題：增強自信。本文是

26、一篇記敘文。文章講述了小學教師Whaley通過組織學生演講來幫助學生增強自信的教學實踐。24What made Chris nervous?ATelling a story.BMaking a speech.CTaking a test.DAnswering a question.B細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵詞nervous可定位到第二段第一句，然后應到前文中找使他緊張的因素。根據第一段中的“.today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.”和“.he seems like the kind of kid who would

27、 enjoy public speaking.”可知，今天是演講日，現在輪到了Chris，雖然他看起來像那種喜歡在公共場合講話的孩子，但是他很緊張。由此可知，演講使Chris緊張。25What does the underlined word“stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses.BBad manners. CSpelling mistakes.DSilly jokes.A詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“you should.should.”以及“.Vote for.me.”這樣的語句特點可知，Chris的演講不流暢，也就是說有不適當

28、的停頓。這是他表現不好的地方，與畫線詞后的句意“他完成得非常好”構成轉折關系，與短語except for的語意相呼應。注意：高考閱讀中的熟詞生義現象非常關鍵，例如，如果能夠注意到第二段第三句中的trips一詞在此語境中的特殊意義(意為“絆倒”)則有助于快速解答此題。26We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their futu

29、re jobsDinspire students love for politicsA推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”可知，Whaley創(chuàng)辦這個項目的目的不僅僅是讓學生學會閱讀和在公共場合演講，他還希望學生學會自夸。A項意為“幫助學生看到自己的長處”，與原文意思相符。易錯項分析B項顛倒是非，根據倒數第二段最后兩句可知

30、，“評估學生的公開演講技巧”不是其目的。C、D兩項曲解文意，這個項目雖然借助了“系統(tǒng)競選”的形式，但文章中對其目的的描述并沒有涉及“使學生為他們將來的工作作準備”以及“激發(fā)學生對政治的熱愛”。27Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous.BAmbitious.CCaring.DDemanding.C推理判斷題。文章介紹了Whaley老師通過創(chuàng)辦“總統(tǒng)競選項目”，組織學生演講來幫助學生增強自信。根據第二段中的“His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispe

31、ring support.”和“.Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.”等細節(jié)也可看出Whaley老師是一個關心學生的老師。方法技巧推理判斷題主要考查考生根據文章的字面意思，通過邏輯關系和細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等能力。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時，我們應在理解全文的基礎上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運用邏輯思維，同時借助一定的生活常識進行分析、推理和判斷。例如，本題我們就要根據全文主旨以及對Whaley老師的細節(jié)動作描寫，并結合我們生活中具備此品質特點的人是什么樣的來合理地總結推斷

32、。練后拾詞stumble vi.&n.(朗讀或說話時)結巴；絆腳bring.to a conclusion使結束immigrant n(外來)移民campaign n運動，活動quality n素質，品德長難句分析Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.有一天，惠利問孩子們，如果他們認為自己

33、永遠成不了總統(tǒng)的話就舉手，于是他想到了這個二年級的總統(tǒng)競選項目。分析：本句是一個主從復合句。when至句末是when引導的時間狀語從句，從句中又含有一個if引導的條件狀語從句。CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric(生物測量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces.At present，these technologies are still e

34、xpensive，though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(裝置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong l

35、ayer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples indentities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of wheth

36、er someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart

37、keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts.The team hopes to ma

38、ke it to market in the near future.【語篇解讀】主題：人與社會(科學與技術)；話題：智能鍵盤。本文是一篇科研報道。來自佐治亞理工學院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種智能鍵盤，可以通過分析用戶的打字模式來判斷該用戶是不是安全訪客。28Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?ATo reduce pressure on keys.BTo improve accuracy in typing.CTo replace the password system.DTo cut the cost of espace prote

39、ction.D推理判斷題。根據第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研發(fā)這種智能鍵盤是為了降低網絡安全保護技術的成本。注意題干、正確選項以及原文中一些詞匯的多次呼應現象：develop與come up with是同義詞，

40、expensive 與lowcost是反義詞，cut the cost與lowcost相呼應。29What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?AComputers are much easier to operate.BFingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.CTyping patterns vary from person to person.DData security measures are guaranteed.C推理判斷題。題干問的是“是什么讓智能鍵盤的發(fā)明成為可能

41、”，也就是問這一發(fā)明的核心依據是什么。根據第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities.”可知，正是因為每個人的打字模式不同，這種智能鍵盤就可以通過分析用戶的打字力度及節(jié)奏等來判斷該用戶是不是安全訪客，故C項符合題意。解答該題的關鍵是看懂題干的意思，即智能鍵盤的核心依據是什么。30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environmentfriendly.BI

42、tll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.B細節(jié)理解題。根據題干“研究者對于智能鍵盤有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句話“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”該團隊希望在不久的將來將智能鍵盤推向市場，故選B項。注意：題干中的expect與原文中的hope呼應，答案選項中的consumers與原文中的market呼應。易錯項分析A項“它將是環(huán)保的”屬于無中生有。C項最易誤選，因為文章倒數第二句提到了i

43、s mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts(智能鍵盤大部分是用廉價的、塑料類的零件做成的)，有些考生可能會因為文中提到了plastic一詞就想當然地選C項。這是考生常犯的錯誤：只見樹木，不見森林。D項也是無中生有，原文沒有提及“提高打字速度”。另外注意：該題與29題都有一個特點，那就是，對題干中的關鍵詞是否理解到位直接決定了考生能否定位到原文中的關鍵句子。也就是說，對29題題干中的make.possible這一結構的理解以及對30題題干中的expect這一詞的理解都很關鍵。31Where is this text most likely fro

44、m?AA diary.BA guidebook.CA novel.DA magazine.D文章出處題。根據本文的話題“智能鍵盤”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device.”，尤其是其中的關鍵詞researchers，lowcost device等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報道，最有可能出現在雜志上。方法技巧文章出處題是兼有主旨大意題和推理判斷題特點的題型，主要考查考生根據文章前后邏輯關系和細節(jié)暗示，總結文章大意并推斷文章出處的能力。這也屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀

45、理解題。做這類題時，考生應在理解全文的基礎上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運用邏輯思維，同時借助一定的常識進行分析、推理、判斷。例如，本題我們就要從全文的話題以及文中的關鍵詞researchers，lowcost device等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報道，最有可能出現在雜志上。練后拾詞theft n偷竊get around 克服(困難或問題)precisely adv.精確地，準確地layer n層次by extension 引申，再則participant n參加者commercialize vt.使商業(yè)化長難句分析Thus，the keyboard can determine peop

46、les identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.因此，這種鍵盤能夠確定人們的身份，進而確定他們是否應該被授予權限使用所連接的計算機不管他們是否輸入了正確的密碼。分析：本句是一個主從復合句。whether they should be given access to至句末是whether引導的賓語從句，作determine的賓語；its c

47、onnected to是省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句，修飾the computer；whether someone gets the password right是whether引導的賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語。DDuring the rosy years of elementary school(小學)，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens

48、and teens，and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes，breaking rules and playing jokes on others，among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts t

49、he popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers.The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，jumpstart interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：

50、status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed，Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school，as well as those least liked in elementary school，are“most likely to engage(從事) in dangerous and risky beha

51、vior.”In one study，Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents，scoring the least liked，the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(調查研究)“We found that the least wellliked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had thos

52、e who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment，high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing，kindness，opennesscarry over to later years and make y

53、ou better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of

54、 life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，”he said.【語篇解讀】主題：人與社會(人際溝通)；話題：青少年心理健康。本文是一篇議論文。文章從社會心理學視角討論青少年小學與中學階段的成長經歷，論述了個體受歡迎程度這一青少年心理健康話題。該語篇視角獨特，積極倡導和諧的人際關系和人文情懷。32What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?AUnkind.BLonely. CGenerous.DCool.C推理判斷題。根據題干中的

55、關鍵詞early years of elementary school可定位到第一段第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes.”，根據句意和sharing一詞可推知，作者上小學的時候是一個慷慨大方的人，故選C項。注意不要受本段后幾句話尤其是最后一句話的影響而錯選A項，因為那是作者青少年時期的情況。33What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe classification of the popular.BThe char

56、acteristics of adolescents.CThe importance of interpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.A段落大意題。根據第二段內容以及第二句的句式特點(句中有冒號)，可暫時斷定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分別用The likables.和Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence.引出后文內容，恰恰就是介紹了受歡迎的兩類人：討人喜歡型和追求地位型。同時我們發(fā)現本段第二句中的關鍵詞o.(把分成)與A項

57、中的classification相呼應，所以A項可以概括本段大意。易錯項分析B項以偏概全，只關注了本段的一個共鍵詞adolescence。C項以偏概全，只關注了本段的interpersonal skills。D項以偏概全，只關注了本段的dishonorable behavior。這三個錯誤選項都沒有從整體上準確概括本段的大意。34What did Dr.Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?AThey appeared to be aggressive.BThey tended to be more adaptable.CThey en

58、joyed the highest status.DThey performed well academically.B推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句中的“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究發(fā)現，最討人喜歡的孩子往往適應性強。B項中的adaptable與第四段中的adjustment相呼應。35What is the best title for the text?ABe NiceYou Wont Finish LastBThe Higher the

59、Status，the BetterCBe the BestYou Can Make ItDMore SelfControl，Less AggressivenessA標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了研究者發(fā)現討人喜歡與積極的人生結果有關，因此A項作為標題最合適。注意A項中的be nice與likability，popularity，kindness等詞相呼應。be NiceYou Wont Finish Last.從意義上類似于漢語的“與人為善，于己為善”。這里的finish本義是“獲得(名次)；排名”。方法技巧標題歸納題常見干擾項類型：以偏概全干擾項只闡述了文章的局部信息；斷章取義干擾項是文章中的個

60、別信息或個別字眼，或者以次要的事實或細節(jié)充當全文的主要觀點，比如本題的B項(status成了全文的詞眼就偏了，也就錯了)；主題擴大干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際所表述的內容；張冠李戴命題者有意把屬于A的特征改在B的身上；無中生有或似是而非有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好像在文章中提到了，但認真分析之后會發(fā)現這些內容與文章毫無聯系，比如本題的C項(be the best“做最好的自己”與本文詞眼likable并不是一個概念)，還有D項(selfcontrol“自制力”屬于無中生有，原文中未提及)。練后拾詞status n地位，身份mean adj.刻薄的category n種類jumpsta