定語從句的講與練

1、PAGE 6/6定語從句的講與練定語從句1. 定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及理解2. 定語從句的關(guān)系詞的使用3. 定語從句的簡化表達知識總結(jié)歸納（一）定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞，它與定語從句之間要有一個詞連接，這個詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，時間，地點，原因狀語。結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。1. There she saw

2、a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that help

3、s protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定語從

4、句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautif

5、ul hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.（三）關(guān)系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞，這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manag

6、er of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知識重點與難點（一）當(dāng)先行詞有最高級，序數(shù)詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all, no, only等形式時，關(guān)系代詞一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.

7、2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.（二）當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間，地點，原因的詞時，關(guān)系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that1. Im very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didnt tell the truth to

8、me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.（三）定語從句的簡化表達： 1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4.

9、 You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party t

10、o be given in our class at 7:45.說明：修飾一個名詞除了后面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語，done短語，being done短語，to be done短語修飾。其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語： 正在做.的人/正在發(fā)生的事。2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語： 被.的人/事3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被.的人/事4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被.的人/事（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ?（2）The “crazy” gestur

11、e, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.（3）Did you see that car being repaired ?（4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.（5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（6）Goods imported from

12、 abroad are not always better than those made in China.（7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.總結(jié)：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。1. 這些短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。2. 分詞作定語時，其動作應(yīng)與全句動作同時發(fā)生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動意義。being done表

13、示正在被做的3. 不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的，to be done表示將要被做的【典型例題】例1 Friendship is needed by all, _ plays an important role in peoples lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析：_ plays an important role in peoples lives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句。答案：A 例2 Uncle Li _ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. wh

14、om C. with whomD. to whom分析：_ I worked three years ago作為定語從句修飾先行詞Uncle Li，從句完整的表達是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以關(guān)系詞前應(yīng)加上介詞with。答案：C 例3 Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained分析：定語從句

15、_ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修飾先行詞the reason指“他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。 答案：A 例4 Teachers, _ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析：非限定性定語從句_ work is rather hard修飾先行詞teachers, 它與從句中的work是從屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞用whose 答案：D 例5 The Olympic Games

16、 , _ in 776 BC, didnt included women players until 1912. A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會，直到1912年才容納女運動員。_in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games，指過去的內(nèi)容，表示被動。用done做定語。 答案：C 例6 The houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon

17、.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析：根據(jù)句意房子即將開工。_ for the teachers and the construction work修飾The houses應(yīng)為The houses The houses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。 答案：B 例7 How many of us_, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. hav

18、e attended分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說，我們當(dāng)中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢？_, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾How many of us做定語。與全句動作同步. 答案：B 例8 She has three children, _ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析：非限定性定語從句_ is working in Australia修飾先行詞three children，根據(jù)從句

19、中的is判斷，是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作。 答案：B【模擬試題】1. Susan is the very girl _ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _ he devoted

20、 much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Dont you think the question _ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being