2012版英語一輪知識點學(xué)案：Unit1《Alandofdiversity》（新人教版選修8）

1、 世紀(jì)金榜 圓您夢想 第 PAGE 12頁（共 NUMPAGES 12頁） 英語投稿咨詢QQ：1123682317 山東世紀(jì)金榜書業(yè)有限公司2012版英語一輪知識點學(xué)案：Unit1A land of diversity（新人教版選修8）.重要單詞聚焦1distinction n差別；區(qū)分；卓著2meansn. 手段；方法3majority n. 大多數(shù)；大半4hardshipn. 苦難；困苦5elect vt. 選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人6boom n. (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 vi. 處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時期7pole n. 地極；電極；磁極8applicantn. 申請人9customsn. 海

2、關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅10occurvi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)11cattle n. 牛(總稱)12indicatevt. 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示13luggage n. 行李(美baggage)14shave(shaved；shaved，shaven) vt.& vi.刮；剃15apparent adj. 顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的16slip vi. 滑動；滑行；滑跤n. 滑動；滑倒17hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用18nowhere adv. 無處；到處都無19punishment n. 處罰；懲罰20justice n. 正義；公平21reformvt.& vi. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改

3、造；改良22graspvt.& n. 抓?。蛔ゾo；掌握；領(lǐng)會23thankfuladj. 感激的；感謝的.重點短語掃描1live on繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存2by means of. 用辦法；借助3make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等4keep up堅持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)5teamup with 與合作或一起工作6mark out 畫線；標(biāo)出界線7Takein 包括；吸收8a great/good many許多；很多9apply for申請；請示得到10in addition另外11 achieve ones dream 實現(xiàn)夢想12admire the view 欣賞風(fēng)景.

4、課文原句突破1Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.信息提取by means of用某種辦法，借助于某事物。例句仿寫思想可以借助于音樂來表達(dá)。Thoughts can also_ _ _ _ _ _.【答案】be expressed by means of music2By the time California elected to

5、 become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.信息提取by the time連詞，意為“到時”。例句仿寫當(dāng)他14歲的時候，他就已經(jīng)自學(xué)了數(shù)學(xué)。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _he had learnt maths by himself.【答案】By the time he was fourteen years old3However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California

6、 at least fifteen thousand years ago.信息提取It is likely that.有可能。例句仿寫他有可能不參加會議_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _the meeting.【答案】It is likely that he will not attend4It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixtur

7、e of many races and cultures.信息提取It is believed that.人們相信。例句仿寫人們相信辛勤工作就能成功。_ _ _ _hard work can lead to success.【答案】It is believed thatmeans n手段；方法As is known to us，telephone is a useful means of communication.眾所周知，電話是一種有用的通訊工具。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the

8、sky is still not very clear.為防止空氣污染，每種可能的方法都已用過了，但天空仍然不清澈。(1)by means of 借用，依靠We express our feelings by means of words.我們用語言來表達(dá)感情。(2)by no meansnot at all一點也不By no means am I satisfied with my present job.我對目前的工作一點也不滿意。(3)by this means通過這種方式Y(jié)ou can do it by this means.你可以用這種辦法去做。 (4)by all means 可以

9、，當(dāng)然行，務(wù)必May I use your bicycle?我可以用你的自行車嗎？By all means！當(dāng)然可以！1In many places in China，_bicycle is still_popular means of transportation.Aa；theB/；aCthe；a Dthe；the【解析】句意為：在中國的許多地方，自行車仍然是一種受歡迎的交通工具。“the單數(shù)名詞”指的是整個類別，這個類別是可以區(qū)別于另外一個類別的。而popular means of transportation應(yīng)該有很多種，自行車只是其中一種，故用不定冠詞a。【答案】Cmajority n

10、大多數(shù)；大半He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.他以71票的優(yōu)勢贏得了該席位。A majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.大多數(shù)人相信吸煙有害健康。(1)單獨用做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可。The majority were/was against the plan.大多數(shù)人反對這個計劃。(2)單獨用做主語，如果后面的表語是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are student

11、s.昨天參加會議的大多數(shù)是學(xué)生。The majority of the damage is easy to repair.這次的損失大部分容易補(bǔ)救。2Dont worry about the present situation in the world；_of people prefer peace to war.Athe most Bthe great partCthe majority Dthe number【答案】COccur(1)vi.發(fā)生I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident

12、 occurred.我正沿街尋找停車點時，突然發(fā)生了事故。Just then an idea occurred to me.就在那時，我想起了一個主意。It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.她突然想她可能會收養(yǎng)一個無家可歸的孩子。Then a practical idea hit/struck/occurred to her!那時他突然想到一個切合實際的主意！It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.我一下子明白我們?nèi)绾胃纳凭置媪恕t sudde

13、nly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.我突然想到我們可以用計算機(jī)來做這項工作。3Why are you so late?I was in half the way when it_to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.Aoccurred BhitChappened Dreminded【解析】答語意為：走到半路時，我突然想起我把筆記本忘在家里了，因此我不得不回去取。It occurred to sb.為一固定句型，意為“某人突然想

14、起”。【答案】Akeep up 堅持，維持，沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)We sang as we marched to keep our spirits up.我們一面行進(jìn)一面唱歌以保持高昂的情緒。We should keep up our good traditions.我們應(yīng)該沿襲我們的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。I hope the fine weather will keep up.我希望好天氣能保持下去。(1)keep (on) doing sth.繼續(xù)、重復(fù)做某事(2)keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(3)keep on繼續(xù)(4)keep up with.跟上，與同步前進(jìn)She

15、 kept on working although she was tired.她雖疲勞但仍繼續(xù)工作。Dave couldnt keep up with the rest of his class.德夫跟不上班里的其他同學(xué)。Dont give up；keep on trying.別放棄，繼續(xù)努力。4Would you slow down a bit，please？I cant _you.Akeep up with Bput up withCmake up to Dhold on to【解析】keep up with意為趕得上，跟得上，不落后于，符合語境要求；put up with忍受；make

16、 up to討好(某人)，奉承，接近；hold on to抓住不放，執(zhí)著于。句意為：請慢點兒走好嗎？我跟不上你。【答案】A5In the face of all these difficulties，were not discouraged and our spirits_well.Akeep up Bgo upChold up Dpick up【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意為：面對著所有的這些困難，我們沒有氣餒，而是繼續(xù)保持斗志。keep up繼續(xù)保持；go up上升；hold up支撐，耽擱；pick up撿起，接收。【答案】Atake in(1)包括；包含The tour takes i

17、n six European capitals.這次旅游包括六個歐洲國家的首都。(2)允許某人寄宿家中She was homeless so we took her in.她無家可歸，我們就收留了她。(3)欺騙(愚弄)某人She took me in completely with her story.她用謊話把我完全蒙蔽了。(4)吸收，吸入(空氣，水等)Take in a deep breath深吸一口氣(5)理解(吸收)所見所聞I hope youre taking in what Im saying.我希望你能理解我說的話。6 Dont be_by products promising

18、to make you lose weight quickly.Ataken off Btaken outCtaken away Dtaken in【解析】根據(jù)句意“不要被那些許諾能讓你快速減肥的產(chǎn)品所欺騙”。take off拿去；取消；脫(衣帽)；飛機(jī)起飛；take out 拿出，取出；去掉，帶；take in接受；吸收；收容；領(lǐng)會；包含，欺騙；take away 拿走，奪去；使離去?！敬鸢浮緿a great/good many許多；很多Tom found that there were a great/good many people already there.湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒已經(jīng)有很多人了

19、。It seems that a great /good many of them are out of work now.似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在失業(yè)了。A great many of the flowers were white.那些花多數(shù)是白色的。a good/great many后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但a good/great many后接of時，必須加限定詞，如these/those/the/ones等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。A good many of those students like this song.那些學(xué)生中有很多喜歡這首歌。7_the houses were knocked do

20、wn in the earthquake.AA great many BThe number ofCA great many of DA great deal of【解析】名詞前有the，these，those及my，your等物主代詞時，a great many后要加of?！敬鸢浮緾apply for申請，請求She applied for a job as an English teacher.她應(yīng)聘英語教師的工作。We had to apply to the government for financial help.我們只好向政府申請財務(wù)援助。What you said doesnt

21、apply to me.你所說的并不適合我。You cant apply this rule to every case.這個規(guī)則并不能適用于所有的狀況。(2)apply oneself to (doing) sth.專注于；專心做某事He applied himself to learning English.他專心學(xué)英語。8To travel to the United States，you must first apply_the American Embassy_your visa.Afor；to Bto；forCfor；for Dto；to【解析】考查apply短語的用法。apply

22、 to sb.for sth.向某人申請某物。句意為：要去美國旅行，你要首先向美國大使館申請簽證?！敬鸢浮緽That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。句中的why引導(dǎo)的為表語從句，注意以下句式區(qū)別(1)Thats why.這就是為什么(why從句表示結(jié)果)(2)Thats because.這是因為(because從句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是

23、(表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because ）Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.湯姆開會遲到了，那是他病了。Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.湯姆病了，那就是他開會遲到的原因。The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.湯姆開會遲到的原因是他病了。9 Is this the reason_she explained in the report for

24、 her success in the job?Awhat BthatChow Dwhy【解析】考查定語從句。因此處關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，故此處只能用that，which或省略。【答案】B10The reason_death was feared was_no man could experience it twice.Awhy；that Bwhy；becauseCwhy；why Dbecause；that【解析】句意為：人們之所以恐懼死亡，是因為無人能經(jīng)歷兩次?！敬鸢浮緼However，it is likely that Native Americans were living

25、 in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能美洲土著人至少一萬五千年前就生活在加利福尼亞。本句式中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。It is likely that.是可能的，此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb./sth.be likely to do.某人/物可能干某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight.Its likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能給我打電話。It is likely/that the weather will be fine

26、.The weather is likely to be fine.天氣可能會很晴朗。11It is very_that，in many schools，the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.Apossibly BprobablyClovely Dlikely【解析】句意為：在很多學(xué)校學(xué)生做作業(yè)的時間可能將比原來少。用it is likely that句型，其他三個詞不用于這個結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬鸢浮緿12Since he was 67，it didnt seem_that he wou

27、ld continue long in that position.Aimpossible BnecessaryCparticular Dlikely【解析】考查形容詞。句意為：他已經(jīng)67歲了，看起來不可能在那個職位上待很長時間了。A、B選項用于Its impossible/important/necessary/unusual that.句型，that從句常用should動詞原形，而非would動詞原形。C項不符合題意，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿.單詞拼寫1All the_(行李) the passengers bring with them needs to be examined twice a

28、t the Liuting International Airport during the Beijing Olympic Games.【答案】luggage2Many_(申請人) applied for the wellpaid job，but none of them were accepted by the company.【答案】applicants3A high fever_(表明) that a persons body is fighting disease.【答案】indicates4It is_(顯然的) from scientific studies that the d

29、rug produces severe side effects.【答案】apparent5The old man_(滑倒) on the icy road and broke his leg.【答案】slipped.選詞填空take in；by means of；make a life；the majority of；mark out1The actress rose to fame overnight_her perfect performance in the film.【答案】by means of2_students were in favour of the suggestion

30、that they go out for a picnic the next day.【答案】The majority of3Please_the mistakes I made in my composition.【答案】mark out4The students found it easy to_what their teacher had taught.【答案】take in5The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to_.【答案】make a life.易錯模塊1Do you think we shou

31、ld put an ad in the paper for the lost child?Yes，_.Athats all right Bby all meansCit just depends Dnever mind【解析】考查交際用語。A項表示“沒關(guān)系”，相當(dāng)于D項，用于回答別人的歉意，不合題意；B項表示“當(dāng)然可以”，為正確選項；C項表示“看情況而定”，與前面的Yes矛盾?！敬鸢浮緽2The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house_a ladder.Aby the mea

32、ns Bby all meansCby ways of Dby means of【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。by means of此處意為“憑借；以方式”。【答案】D3She couldnt speak，but made her wishes known_sign.Aby means of Bby any meansCby all means Dby no means【解析】句意為：她不能說話，但通過手語讓別人了解了她的愿望。by means of sign在此意為“靠著/憑借手語”?！敬鸢浮緼4But by no means_with my progress.Athe teacher is not satisfiedBis the teacher not satisfiedCthe teacher is satisfiedDis the teacher satisfied【解析】by no