初中英語動詞變形

1、動詞的變形1.動詞講解實(shí)義動詞：及物動詞（帶賓語）；不及物動詞（不帶賓語）。及物動詞后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實(shí)義動詞，叫做及物動詞。MrSmithgavehiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday.史密斯先生給了他的妻子20英鎊過生日。Heaskedtheteacherafewquestions.他向老師問了幾個(gè)問題。不及物動詞本身意義完整，后面不須跟賓語的實(shí)義動詞，叫做不及物動詞。Birdsfly.鳥會飛。IthappenedinJune1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三二年六月。Mywatchstopped.我的表停了。系動詞亦稱連系動詞，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不

2、能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有動詞，例如：他是一名教師。（與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有，女m他開會時(shí)總保持沉默。此事仍是一個(gè)謎。天氣還是很好。3）表像系動詞用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有例如：他看起來很累。他看起來很傷心。4）感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有例如：這種布手感很軟。這朵花聞起來很香。）變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有和多指人的情緒或身體狀態(tài)的變化，但側(cè)重于轉(zhuǎn)變后的結(jié)果。當(dāng)情況變壞時(shí)，往往用表示，和還可用于人或事物

3、顏色的變化。她凍得臉色發(fā)青了。這塊腐爛的肉變綠了。表示結(jié)果的圓滿。如：自那之后，他瘋了。她沒多長時(shí)間就富了。聯(lián)系動詞固定搭配：發(fā)瘋變爛出毛病了餓了goblind變瞎變白紅病倒fallasleep入睡cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)comealive復(fù)活comeeasy變?nèi)菀譳eepfit/silent/calm保持健康/沉默/冷靜2.時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)always,hardly,often,usually,everyday,onceaweek,onSundays,sometimes,at等一般過去時(shí)attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,yeste

4、rday,lastweek,ago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般將來時(shí)next.tomorrow,in+段時(shí)間,before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等過去完成時(shí)before,by+過去的時(shí)間等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)atthattime,atsixyesterday,atthatmoment等過去將來時(shí).saidthat.thenextday/week/month/year語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例

5、句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動詞用原形三人稱單數(shù)-s/es一般-s-es輔音+y-ieshavehasHegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.一般過去時(shí)動詞用過去時(shí)Bewas/were一般/去e雙寫/輔+y結(jié)尾一iedgo-wentcome-camedo-didleave-left等Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.一般將來時(shí)begoingto+V原will/shall+V原Gocomeleavestayfly等用進(jìn)行表將來Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

6、時(shí)be+doing一般去e雙寫+ingtiedielie一變ie為y加ingTomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/has+PPhave/hasbeen+doing分詞規(guī)則的同過去式是一樣的不規(guī)則的動詞的過去分詞需逐個(gè)記憶Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.Hehassleptfortwodays.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing多用于復(fù)合句中一般去e雙寫+ingtiedielie一變ie為y加ingHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday過去完成時(shí)had+動過去分詞多用于復(fù)合句

7、中規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)成與過去時(shí)一樣的需要逐個(gè)記憶詳見不規(guī)則動詞表Wehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendoflastyear.過去將來時(shí)would+V原形多用賓語從句中Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.主動句與被動句的轉(zhuǎn)化英語中只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。其形式為：Be動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞如：Theteachergavehimadictionary.Hewasgivenadictionary（byhisteacher）.Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld.（1）被動語態(tài)的用法：不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者（即不知道誰做）時(shí)

8、用被動語態(tài)，省略by短語。女口：Amanwaskilledintheaccident.（一個(gè)人死于事故）/Thiswindowwasbrokenyesterday.（這扇窗子是昨天被打破的）不說或者眾所周知是誰做時(shí)，用被動語態(tài)，省略by短語。如：Riceisalso父rowninthisplace.（這個(gè)地方也種水稻）/Arailroadwillbebuilthereinthreeyears.（三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路）強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，句尾加by短語。如：IwaswrittenbyLuXun.（它（書）是魯迅寫的）/Apetdogisneverkilledbyitsowner.（寵物狗是

9、不會被主人宰殺的）（2）主動語態(tài)如何改寫為被動語態(tài)：主動句：主語（人/物）+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語（人/物）+其他+狀語i（動作的執(zhí)行者）（各種時(shí)態(tài)形式）（動作的承受者）i被動句：主語（人物）+謂語（及物動詞）+by+人/物+其他+耳大語1（動作的承受者）（be+過去分詞）（動作的執(zhí)行者）、宀2上（3）注意點(diǎn)：“動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動時(shí),可以用間接賓語做被動句的主語。女口：Histeachergavehimadictionary.Hewasg祁enadictionarybyhisteacher.（老師給他一本字典一他得到老師一本字典）也可以用直接賓語做被動句的主語，但是需用to或者

10、for引出原句的間接賓語。女口：Histeachergavehimadictionary.Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.（老師給他一本字典一一本字典由老師送給了他）Hisfathermadehimakite.Akitewasmadefarhimbyhisfather.（他的父親給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏一個(gè)風(fēng)箏由他的父親做給了他）“動詞+賓語+動詞原形”改為被動時(shí)，動詞原形前要加to.女口：Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.Thepoormanwasmadetowork12hoursaday.（老板讓這個(gè)可憐的人一天工作

11、12小時(shí)一這個(gè)可憐人被迫一天工作12小時(shí)）“動詞+介詞”改為被動時(shí)，介詞一般在原位不動。女口：Thegirltakesgoodcareofherlittlebrother.Thegirlslittlebrotheristakengoodcareofbyher.（女孩照顧小弟弟一女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著）“be+過去分詞”未必表示被動語態(tài),而可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Heispleased/worried/tired/（系表）（他高興/焦慮/疲勞）Hewashit/knockeddown/told/shot/（被動）（他被擊中/撞倒/關(guān)照/射中）3.句型祈使句：句首動詞用原形Ittakes/tooksb

12、.sometimetodosth./Itcostsb.somemoneytobuysth.Whatabout/Howaboutdoingsth.?做。事情怎么樣？Whatdoyouthinkofdoingsth.?你認(rèn)為做。事情怎么樣？Its+形容詞forsb.todosth.對某人來說，做某事很。（所接形容詞用來修飾所做的這件事的性質(zhì)）例：Itsdifficultforhimtofinishthetask.Its+形容詞ofsb.todosth.某人很。做某事（所接形容詞用來修飾人的品格）例：Itsverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyhomework.Whatgreatfu

13、nitistodosth.做某事太開心啦。Doyoumind（ones）doingsht.?你介意（某人）做某事嗎？情態(tài)動詞之后一般用動詞原形Must/can/may/might/should/could/beableto/shall不定式之后用動詞原形agreetoto答應(yīng)做某事asksb.todo要求某人做某事invitesb.todo邀請某人做某事want（sb.）todo想要（某人）做某事plantodo計(jì)劃做某事have（no）timetodo有（沒有）時(shí)間做某事encouragesbtodo鼓勵某人做某事helpsb（to）do幫助某人做某事Itstime（forsb.）todo到

14、時(shí)間做某事了havetodo不得不/必須做某事wouldliketodo想要做某事decidenottodo決定（不）做某事hopetodo/wishtodo希望做某事wishsb.todo希望某人做某事例夕卜：lookforwardtodoing期望做某事如：Ialwayslookforwardtohearingfrommyparents.我總是期待收到父母的來信。Preferdoing（A）todoing（B）與B相比，我更喜歡A如：Ipreferplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.與打籃球相比，我更喜歡踢足球。介詞之后動詞一般用-ing形式begooda

15、tdoing擅長做某事begoodfor對做某事有好處例：Eatinglessandtakingmorepractiseisgoodforkeepinghealthy.beinterestedindoing對做某事很有興趣getreadyfor準(zhǔn)備好做某事haveagoodtimeindoing做某事很高興by/throughdoing通過做某事例：Ifinallysucceededby/throughstudyinghard.with/withoutdoing有（沒有）做某事例：Itsnotpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.havefundoing做某事有樂

16、趣enjoy/dislike/hatedoing喜歡/不喜歡/討厭做某事finishdoing完成做某事practisedoing練習(xí)做某事go+動名詞（動詞-ing）spendsometime（in）doing花時(shí)間做某事keepdoing保持長時(shí)間做某事的動作keepondoing反復(fù)做某事bebusydoing忙著做某事dreamofdoing夢想做某事thankyoufordoing謝謝你為我做某事see/hear/watchsb.doing看到/聽到/觀看某人正在做某事名詞短語中的動詞用-ing形式Areadingclass/aswimmingpool/adrivingtestmak

17、ealiving（謀生活）Todo和doing都有的表達(dá)，彼此之間有區(qū)別liketodo喜歡做具體的事情likedoing強(qiáng)調(diào)興趣，愛好begin/starttodo（已經(jīng)完成前一件事）開始做另一件事；begin/startdoing某件事做到一半，停了一會兒（或中間做了另一件事），再開始接著做這件事還有三種情況用不定式表達(dá)：主語不是人；接心理活動；動詞本身是beginning：beginningtostart例：Itbeginstorain.begintothink/know/believestoptodo停下之前在做的事，開始做這件事stopdoing停下手頭上正在做的事Continue/

18、goontodo停止做某事，繼續(xù)做另一件事Continue/goondoing做了一會兒某事，中間停了一下，繼續(xù)做這件事trytodo努力嘗試做某事trydoing一種新的嘗試forget/remembertodo忘記/記得去做某事（還沒做）forget/rememberdoing忘記了/記得做過某事雙寫大全Beginning,running,planning,swimming,getting,shopping,chatting,sitting單選題:TOC o 1-5 h zWhathesaidsounds.A.nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD.wonderfull

19、yTheseapplestaste.A.tobegoodB.tobewellC.wellD.goodHeturnedtenyearsagobutlaterhebecame.A.ateacher;adoctorB.teacher;doctorC.teacher;adoctorD.ateacher;doctorThedoglostyesterday.A.gotB.becameC.turnedD.fallTheoldmanmusthavemad.A.goneB.turned6.IfeltthatIshouldleave.A.strongB.strongly7.Doyoulikethematerial

20、?Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.fallenC.tobestrongC.feelsD.drivenD.verystrongD.isfeltIamafraidtheweatherwillhotforafewdays.D.bestayedA.lastB.belastedC.stayAlthoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealthpoor.A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continuesIlovetogototheseasideinsummer.Itgoodtolieinthesunorswimi

21、nthecoolsea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makesThecloththatsmoothandsoft.A.feels;sellswellB.feels;iswellsoldC.isfelt;sellswellD.isfelt;sellsgooddelicious,thefoodwassoonsoldout.A.TastedB.BeingtastedC.TastingD.TotasteHappybirthday,Alice!Soyouhavetwenty-onealready.A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passedThepilotaskedall

22、thepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating情態(tài)動詞和動詞搭配A.droppedB.dropC.droppingD.todrop.Isawtoeoldwom_a_nherewhenIwaswalking.A.sit,passB.sitting,pastC.sitting,passD.sit,past_.themorningofseptember,ourschoolbegins.A.InB.OnC.AtD.To動詞時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)1.Iwilltellhimass

23、oonashebackA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.cameMaryonshoeswhenshethem.A.triesbuysB.triesbuiesC.trysbuysD.trysbuiesThegirloftencoldwhenshe.A.cathcsdancesB.catchesdancesC.catchsdanceesD.catchesdanceehehimselfthere?No,Idontthinkso.A.DoenjoyB.DoesenjoiesC.DoesenjoysD.Doesenjoyyourteacherfromthemveryoften?Certa

24、inly.A.DohearB.DoeshearC.DoreceiveD.receiveyourmothersomecleaningonSundays?A.DoesdoesB.DodoesC.DoesdoD.DodoTomtoworkhardtohelphisfamily?Yes,he_A.HasxdoesB.HasxdoesC.DoeshashasD.DoeshavedoesWhichteacherlessonstoyoueveryday?A.doesgivesB.doesgiveC.dogiveD.givesSmithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,?,hedoes.A

25、.doesheNoB.doesheYesC.doesntheNoD.doesntheYesMrBlackoftenfishingonSundays,he?A.goesdoesntB.goesisntC.doesntgodoesD.doesntgoisHeusuallyTVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatchingWellgotoplaywithsnowifittomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowedNeitherInorheFrench.A.speakB.doesntspeakC.speaksD.doesntspea.Nobody_howtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing.TheYoungPioneer_waterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries.Someare_intheriverandsomeare_games.A.swimmingplayingB.swimmingplaiingC.swimmingIplayi