高考代詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)和專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

1、高考對(duì)代詞的考查主要涉及在給定的上下文中運(yùn)用代詞的能力，以及對(duì)不定代詞和替代詞的考查。命題主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)等題型中，側(cè)重于在具體語(yǔ)境中考查各種代詞之間的區(qū)別。其考點(diǎn)主要包括：1考查替代詞的用法。?？嫉奶娲~有one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it等。2考查不定代詞的用法。常考的不定代詞有any，some，all，none，other，another, every, nothing等。3考查反身代詞的用法。?？嫉姆瓷泶~有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, th

2、emselves等。4考查it的用法。it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)的用法； it的實(shí)指用法； it的虛指用法，如：can help it, put it, catch it, come it, make it, see to it that等。一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法1both，either，neither用于兩者。both意為“兩者都”；either意為“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”；neither意為“兩者中的任何一個(gè)都不”。如：Both the boys are clever.兩個(gè)男孩每個(gè)都很聰明。Either of the two bo

3、ys is clever.兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。Neither of the two boys is clever.兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。2all，none，each，every用于多者。all意為“全部都”，指可數(shù)的東西時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)，指不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)為單數(shù)；none意為“全都不，任何一個(gè)都不”，指可數(shù)的東西時(shí)可為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)為單數(shù)；each和every意為“每一個(gè)”，為單數(shù)，兩者都能作定語(yǔ)用，但each還可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Every student in our sch

4、ool works hard.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本電子詞典。二：some和any的用法1表示“一些”時(shí)，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑問(wèn)或條件句中。如：If you have any questions, please ask me.2在疑問(wèn)句中可用some，表示希望得到對(duì)方肯定的回答。如：Would you like some

5、coffee?3some可接單數(shù)名詞表示“某一個(gè)”；any可接單數(shù)名詞表示“任何一個(gè)”。如：I remember having read this article in some magazine.Here are three novels.You may read any.三：復(fù)合不定代詞的用法由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞，叫復(fù)合不定代詞。1some構(gòu)成的不定代詞一般用于肯定句，意為“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She think

6、s shes something since she won the prize.獲獎(jiǎng)之后，她覺(jué)得自己了不起了。2any構(gòu)成的不定代詞一般用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，意為“隨便某個(gè)人或物，無(wú)論什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：Does anybody else want to go?There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!有時(shí)也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：Anybody can work out that simple maths proble

7、m.You can take anything you like.3no構(gòu)成的不定代詞意為“沒(méi)什么人或物”。如：I know nothing about it.There is nobody here.4every構(gòu)成的不定代詞意為“一切人或物，每個(gè)人或物”。everything還可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.She does everything to help her mother.Her son is everything to her.對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)兒子就是一切。四：the other，other，anothe

8、r，others，the others的區(qū)別the other/otherthe other可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的”。other不能單獨(dú)使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義another可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”，代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。另外another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few復(fù)數(shù)名詞”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others/the othersothers只能單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現(xiàn)；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時(shí)用the othersHe is willing to

9、help others/other people.Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.We need another five chairs/five more chairs.五：none，no one，nobody，nothing的區(qū)別none既可指人，也可指物；側(cè)重?cái)?shù)量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短語(yǔ)；

10、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；常用來(lái)回答由how many/much引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句How much money do you have?None.no one/nobody只能指人；是泛指概念，常用來(lái)回答由who引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句；不與of短語(yǔ)連用；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Who is in the room?Nobody./No one.nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用來(lái)回答由what引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句What are you doing now?Nothing.考點(diǎn)六：替代詞的用法和區(qū)別it替代前面提到過(guò)的同一個(gè)人或者物Have you found your pen?No, I hav

11、ent found it.one/onesone用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于a/an單數(shù)名詞。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為onesI think this book is better than the one I read last time.These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.that/thosethat用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的同類(lèi)的名詞，是同類(lèi)替代，但并非同一個(gè)，可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于the one。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those，相當(dāng)于the onesThe weather in B

12、eijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.考點(diǎn)七：it的用法1it可用于無(wú)人稱句，表示自然現(xiàn)象、季節(jié)、時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境等。如：It is getting warmer and warmer.It was already ten oclock when he arrived home.Its ten minutes walk from here to our school.Its very quiet at the moment.2it可代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。如：Its important for us to

13、 learn a second language.We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.3熟記下列有關(guān)it的固定句型make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it高頻考點(diǎn)一 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析例1Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do

14、_.AothersBeitherCanother Dboth【變式探究】Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much.Aeither BanyCeach Danother解析：選A句意：我在紐約和芝加哥住過(guò)，但是我不喜歡它們中的任何一個(gè)。題干中提到“芝加哥”和“紐約”兩個(gè)城市，根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，后面的意思應(yīng)為“兩個(gè)都不喜歡”，所以選A?！咀兪教骄俊緼lthough Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ o

15、f her enthusiasm for life.Asome BneitherCnone Dall解析：選C句意：雖然羅斯瑪麗多年身患重病，但是她一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有失去對(duì)生活的熱情。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“一點(diǎn)兒也不，一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有”，所以應(yīng)用none。高頻考點(diǎn)二 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析例2 Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.Aanother Bthe otherCone another Done解析：選A句意：回收是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方法；而重復(fù)使

16、用是另一種。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一個(gè)”；the other表示“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”；one another“相互”；one“一”?！咀兪教骄俊縏o her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.Athat BoneCones Dthose高頻考點(diǎn)三 it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析例3 The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal th

17、an _ on the small ones.Aone BthisCthat Dit解析：選C句意：大街上的綠燈比小街上的綠燈亮得時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。that在此處替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重復(fù)。one泛指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出現(xiàn)的同一事物?！咀兪教骄俊緼t our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.Athem BtheseCthose Dones解析：選C句意：我們工廠里的一些機(jī)器與這本雜志里描述的那些機(jī)器很相似?？崭裉帒?yīng)用those表特指，

18、替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞machines。注意題干中machines后有限制語(yǔ)described in this magazine，故不能用表泛指的ones，若選ones，則應(yīng)在其前加上the。【變式探究】Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.Athese BsomeCones Dthose高頻考點(diǎn)四 復(fù)合不定代詞的辨析例4 _ can be good at something fo

19、r 40 years if he doesnt love it.AAnybodyBEverybodyCNobody DSomebody解析：選C句意：沒(méi)有人能持續(xù)四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他熱愛(ài)它。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)用Nobody?！咀兪教骄俊?This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything解析：選A句意：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要密切的合作，除非我們通力合作，否則一事無(wú)成。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用表示否

20、定意義的詞語(yǔ)，故選A。（2018年浙江卷）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _58_ can be to e

21、at out. I still remember _59_ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I _60_(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to _61_(become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating

22、 out once or twice a week may be _62_(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even _63_ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _64_(weigh) problems.If you are not going to

23、suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.【答案】56. dishes 57. who/that 58. it 59. visiting 60. was shocked

24、 61. have become 62. affordable 63. higher 64. weight 65. for58. 考查it用法。句子為感嘆句，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。故填it。59. 考查動(dòng)詞形式。此處指我記得去拜訪一個(gè)在這里住了五年的朋友，表示記得做過(guò)某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。60. 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處表示我被震驚了。shock的主語(yǔ)是I，兩者關(guān)系是被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。故填was shocked。61. 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)

25、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent years可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，seems to后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填have become。62. 考查形容詞。此處表示一周一兩次外出吃飯是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的。系動(dòng)詞be后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”，故填affordable。63. 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。此處修飾名詞cost用形容詞，even表示程度，修飾比較級(jí)，故填higher。64. 考查名詞。此處指體重問(wèn)題，用名詞修飾problems，故填weight。65. 考查介詞。表示去母親家去吃飯，表示去向、目的用介詞for，故填for。1.（2017江蘇）In 1963 the UN set up the World Fo

26、od Programme, one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 【答案】C【解析】關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并且在定語(yǔ)從句中作purpose的定語(yǔ)。which,whom在定語(yǔ)從句中不能作定語(yǔ)，its不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選C。 2(2017江蘇卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B.

27、 its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the World Food Programme，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞purposes，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)，故選C項(xiàng)。句意：1963年，聯(lián)合國(guó)成立了世界糧食計(jì)劃署，其目的之一就是緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑荒。3 (2017江蘇卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to re

28、lieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 4（2017江蘇） In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 【答案】C【解析】關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并且在定語(yǔ)從句中作purpose的定語(yǔ)。which, whom在定語(yǔ)從句中不能作定語(yǔ)，its不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選C。1(2016新課標(biāo)，68)

29、On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it)mother.答案its解析 句意：在我最近的一次參觀中，可愛(ài)的三個(gè)月大的雙胞胎中的一只被它的媽媽遺棄了。由后面的mother可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its表示所屬關(guān)系。2(2016四川，68)By that time，the panda no longer needed _(it)mother for food.答案 its解析 句意：到那時(shí)，這只熊貓不再需要從它的母親那里獲取食物。此處用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾mo

30、ther。3(2016浙江，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.答案that解析 句意：在很多方面，美國(guó)的教育體系和英國(guó)的教育體系很不一樣。這里指代前面的名詞education system，所以用that。1.(2015浙江，12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off

31、 without asking you?解析句意：如果你正在看最喜愛(ài)的電視節(jié)目，這時(shí)有人進(jìn)來(lái)沒(méi)有征求你的意見(jiàn)就把電視關(guān)了，你會(huì)怎么想。固定表達(dá)how would you like it if.，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中it代替后面if句的內(nèi)容。答案it2.(2015重慶，2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.解析句意：會(huì)議將在九月召開(kāi)，但是沒(méi)人知道具體日期。句中的關(guān)鍵詞為but，表轉(zhuǎn)折，故nobody沒(méi)有人，符合句意。答案nobody3.(2015陜西，13)To warm himself，the sailo

32、r sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .解析句意：為了讓自己暖和起來(lái)，這個(gè)水手坐在火堆旁，光著腳，用一只腳搓另一只腳。表示兩者中的一個(gè)，另一個(gè)，用one.the other.。答案other4.(2015四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge.解析句意：Niki總是有很多想法，但是沒(méi)有一個(gè)想法對(duì)我的知識(shí)有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。答案none5.(2015天津，2)The quality of ed

33、ucation in this small school is better than in some larger schools.答案that6.(2015福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.解析句意：這個(gè)研究組發(fā)布了以調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ)的兩個(gè)報(bào)道，但是都沒(méi)有有用的建議。考查代詞。根據(jù)句意，兩者都不用neither。答案neither1. （2014安徽卷）24You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone【考點(diǎn)】考察代詞詞義辨析【答案】C【解析】本題查看的是代詞的詞義辨析。One某一個(gè)人/物（指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表示泛指）；no one=nobody沒(méi)有人；everyone每個(gè)人（強(qiáng)調(diào)全體）；someone某個(gè)人。句義：你可以向任何一個(gè)人求助，這里的每個(gè)人都樂(lè)意幫助你。根據(jù)句義可知本句中的everyone強(qiáng)調(diào)所有人都愿意幫助你。故C正確。2.（2014江蘇卷）34. Good families are much to all their mem