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1、第二章 證書的翻譯 2.12.234內(nèi) 容2.32.4證書翻譯特點(diǎn)證書種類及翻譯證書翻譯實(shí)訓(xùn)概 述 證書涉及畢業(yè)證、學(xué)位證、證明函、營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照、授權(quán)書等應(yīng)用類信函。一方面,由于證書翻譯屬于公文翻譯,措辭謹(jǐn)慎,格式規(guī)范,所以在證書翻譯中既要遵循目的語(yǔ)的特定格式 ,又要針對(duì)源語(yǔ)中的要點(diǎn)客觀陳述,盡量避免對(duì)源語(yǔ)信息的異化;另一方面,由于漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)在詞序安排、句子結(jié)構(gòu)等方面存在差異,翻譯時(shí)需要譯者在保持源語(yǔ)意圖的前提下靈活處理。原文:This is to certify that Ms. Mary (passport number 123456789) has been working in ABC C

2、ompany as business assistant ever since Jan.10, 2011.譯文:茲證明,瑪麗女士,護(hù)照號(hào)碼為123456789,自2011年 1 月 10 日起在ABC公司作為商務(wù)助理,工作至今。2.1 證書翻譯特點(diǎn)英漢翻譯技巧: 化整為零、化顯性為隱性2.1.1 側(cè)重文本信息的真實(shí)、連貫和完整再現(xiàn)原文:此次旅游的所有費(fèi)用包括:機(jī)票費(fèi)、交通費(fèi)、住宿費(fèi)和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等均由他本人承擔(dān)。我們保證他在國(guó)外旅游期間將會(huì)遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐姆煞ㄒ?guī)。譯文:All the travelling expenses, including air tickets, transportation,

3、 accommodation and health insurance, will be covered by himself. We hereby guarantee that he will abide by all the laws and regulations during his staying abroad.漢英翻譯技巧: 化零為整,化隱性為顯性結(jié)構(gòu)2.1.2 注意準(zhǔn)確性、非私人性和程式化等特點(diǎn)原文:This is to certify that Qian Pugeng, student from Shanghai University of Finance and Econom

4、ics started her internship in Financial Department of Bank of China Co. Ltd. on July 20, 2013 and ended on August 20, 2013. During the internship she put much effort into her work and study. She had been proficient at thinking and solving problems and applying the methods to working out those alike.

5、譯文:茲有上海財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)錢樸更同學(xué)于2013年7月20日至2013年8月20日在中國(guó)銀行財(cái)務(wù)部門實(shí)習(xí)。這位同學(xué)在實(shí)習(xí)工作期間工作努力,學(xué)習(xí)刻苦,能夠獨(dú)立思考,善于舉一反三,能夠把所學(xué)的東西有效運(yùn)用于實(shí)際工作中。2.1.3 忠實(shí)源語(yǔ)的交際意圖,實(shí)現(xiàn)譯文的交際目的 2.2 證書種類及翻譯證書種類1. 結(jié)業(yè)證書2. 專業(yè)技能證書3. 防偽證書4. 答謝證書5. 獎(jiǎng)狀6. 授權(quán)代理人7. 戶口簿8. 委托書9. 居留證10.房產(chǎn)證 1. Certificate of Completion2. Certificate of Expertise 3. Diploma of Authenticity4. Ce

6、rtificate of Appreciation5. Certificate of Merit 6. the authorized representative7. Household Certificate8. Letter of Authorization9. Resident Certificate10. Property Ownership Certificate 河南師范大學(xué)畢業(yè)證書 學(xué)生張華英,男,1985年7月5日生。于2004年9月至2008年6月在河南師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)系英語(yǔ)教育專業(yè)完成了四年制本科規(guī)定的全部課程,成績(jī)及格,準(zhǔn)予畢業(yè)。校名:河南師范大學(xué) 證書編號(hào):75832008

7、73 院長(zhǎng) 劉東方 二八年六月三十日 2.2.1畢業(yè)證(Certificate for Graduation) CERTIFICATE FOR GRADUATION HENAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY Certificate No.: 7583200873 This is to certify that Zhang Huaying, male, born on July 5,1985, majoring in English Education in the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Henan Normal University during

8、 September 2004 to June 2008, has successfully fulfilled all curriculums of the four-year undergraduate program of study, and passed the examinations. Hereby he is allowed to graduate. President: LIU DONGFANG Henan Normal University June 30, 20082.2.1參考譯文:翻譯提示: 證書編號(hào);句式整合;信息排序 學(xué)士學(xué)位證書 張華英,男,1985年7月5日出

9、生。于2004年9月至2008年6月在河南師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)系英語(yǔ)教育專業(yè)完成了四年制本科規(guī)定的全部課程,業(yè)已畢業(yè)。經(jīng)審核符合中華人民共和國(guó)學(xué)位條例的規(guī)定,授予英語(yǔ)教育學(xué)士學(xué)位。 學(xué)位評(píng)定委員會(huì)主席:河南師范大學(xué)2008年7月1日證書編號(hào):8475200826282.2.2學(xué)位證書(Diploma of Degree) Diploma of Bachelors Degree This is to certify that Zhang Huaying, male, born on July 5, 1985, has completed courses of study in the Faculty o

10、f Foreign Languages of Henan Normal University, majoring in English Education from September 2004 to June 2008. There upon, he has been allowed to graduate from the university. In accordance with “The Registration on Academic Degree of the Peoples Republic of China”, Mr. Zhang Huaying has been award

11、ed the Bachelors degree of English Education.Certificate Number: 847520082628Date: July 1, 2008Academic Degree OfficeHenan Normal University 2.2.2 參考譯文:尊敬的美國(guó)大使館簽證官: 茲證明 (先生/女士)自 年來我公司任職,職位是 。他/她的月收入是人民幣 元。他/她將于 年 月 日到 年 月 日赴美國(guó)旅游。他/她的具體信息如下:*此次旅游的所有費(fèi)用包括:機(jī)票費(fèi),運(yùn)輸費(fèi),住宿費(fèi)和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等均由他/她本人承擔(dān)。我們保證他/她在國(guó)外旅游期間將會(huì)遵守當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

12、的法律法規(guī)。我們也保證他/她將會(huì)按時(shí)回國(guó)并繼續(xù)在我公司工作。特此證明! *2.2.3工作證明(Certificate for Employment)2.2.3 參考譯文To: Embassy of the United StatesDear Visa Officer: This is to certify that (Mr./Mrs.) has been working in our company as since the year of . His/Her monthly salary is RMB . He/She will make a tour of the United State

13、s of America from to . His/Her information is listed as follows, * All the travelling expenses, including air tickets, transportation, accommodation and health insurance, will be covered by himself/herself.We hereby guarantee that he/she will abide by all the laws and regulations during his/her stay

14、ing abroad. We also guarantee that he/she will be back to China on schedule and will continue to work for our company. Yours sincerely企業(yè)法人營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照副本(副本號(hào):1-1) 注冊(cè)號(hào):4420002006789名稱:中山市連勝浴室設(shè)備有限公司住所:中國(guó)廣東省中山市南頭鎮(zhèn)升輝南工業(yè)區(qū)建東路18號(hào),528450法定代表人姓名:呂搏擊注冊(cè)資本:人民幣壹佰萬元實(shí)收資本:人民幣壹佰萬元公司類型:有限責(zé)任公司經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍:生產(chǎn)并銷售按摩浴缸、電腦蒸汽房、淋浴房、泳池和桑拿浴室設(shè)備

15、等成立日期:二一一年九月三日營(yíng)業(yè)期限至:2020年9月20日條形碼編號(hào):1400075032.2.4 營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照(Business License)2.2.4參考譯文 BUSINESS LICENSE OF AN ENTERPRISES LEGAL PERSON(Duplicate Copy) (No.: 1-1)Registration Number/Registered Number: 4420002006789Name of Business/Enterprise: Zhongshan Liansheng Bathroom Equipment Co., Ltd.Address: 18 Ji

16、andong Rd., Shenghuinan Complex, Nantou Town, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province 528450, ChinaLegal Representative/Person in Charge: Mr. Lv BojiRegistered Capital: CNY 1,000,000.00Paid-up Capital: CNY 1,000,000.00Character of Economy/Scope of Business: Co., Ltd.Scope of operation: Manufacture and sell th

17、e bathroom equipment including pool spa/hot tub/jacuzzi, massage, bathtub, simple bathtub, computer-controlled steam room, swimming pool spa and sauna room, etc.Founding/Setting-up Date: September 3, 2011Date of expiration: Till September 20, 2020.Bar code: 140007503 出生公證書 (12)吉長(zhǎng)證字第4223號(hào) 根據(jù)吉林省長(zhǎng)春市戶籍管

18、理機(jī)關(guān)檔案記載,茲證明史青云,女,于一九七一年九月二十五日在吉林省長(zhǎng)春市出生。史青云的父親是史峰,母親是汪秀珍。 中華人民共和國(guó)吉林省長(zhǎng)春市公證處 公證員:王海清 長(zhǎng)春市公證處 二一二年六月二十三日 2.2.5 公證書(Notary Certificate)2.2.5參考譯文NOTARIAL CERTIFICATE OF BIRTH(12) JCZZI, No.4223 This is to certify that Shi Qingyun, female, was born on September 25, 1971 in Changchun, Jilin Province. Her fat

19、hers name is Shi Feng and her mothers name is Wang Xiuzhen according to the record of file kept by the Administration of Census Register of Changchun, Jilin Province. Notary: Wang Haiqing Changchun Notary Public Office Jilin Province The Peoples Republic of China June 23rd, 2012 2.2.6成績(jī)單(Grade Repor

20、ts) 東北師范大學(xué)學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)單姓名:陸青 系別:化學(xué) 專業(yè):化學(xué)教育第一學(xué)年(20122013)課程分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)第一學(xué)期第二學(xué)期無機(jī)化學(xué)7468無機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)7886普通物理8070英語(yǔ)7567高等數(shù)學(xué)9071體育9078中國(guó)革命史85772.2.6參考譯文ACADEMIC RECORD OF GRADUATESAT NORTHEAST TEACHERS UNIVERSITYName: Lu Qing Department: Chemistry Major Field: ChemistryEducationFirst Year(20122013)CoursesRecordRecordFirst Te

21、rmSecond TermInorganic Chemistry7468Experiments in Inorganic Chemistry7886General Physics8070English7567Higher Mathematics9071Physical Education9078Revolutionary History of China85771.Certificate of Completion 結(jié)業(yè)證書2. Certificate of Expertise專業(yè)技能證書3. Diploma of Authenticity防偽證書4. Certificate of Appre

22、ciation答謝證書5. Certificate of Merit獎(jiǎng)狀2.3 證書翻譯實(shí)訓(xùn)2.3.1將下列英文短語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)。6. the authorized representative授權(quán)代理人7. Household Certificate戶口簿8. Letter of Authorization委托書9. Resident Certificate居留證10. Property Ownership Certificate房產(chǎn)證2.3.1This is to certify that Mr. Zhang works in our company since the year of 201

23、0. 茲證明張華先生自2010年來我公司任職。 2. We hereby guarantee that he will abide by all the laws and regulations during his staying abroad 我們保證他在國(guó)外旅游期間將會(huì)遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐姆煞ㄒ?guī)。 3. This is to authorize Mr. Zhang to be the attorney of our company to execute any and all instruments for the purpose to complete the necessary regist

24、ration. 現(xiàn)授權(quán)張先生代表我公司全權(quán)辦理相關(guān)審批事宜。 2.3 證書翻譯實(shí)訓(xùn)2.3.2將下列英語(yǔ)句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。 4. I recognize the documents executed by the Attorney on behalf of me within the scope of authorization. 上述受權(quán)人在授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)簽署的有關(guān)文件我(公司)均予承認(rèn)。5. Please kindly afford him any appropriate assistance concerning visa affairs in case of need. 請(qǐng)貴方協(xié)助辦理有關(guān)簽證手

25、續(xù)。2.3 證書翻譯實(shí)訓(xùn)2.3.2將下列英語(yǔ)句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。 6. If required, we can provide first-class references.如果需要,我方可以提供一流的證明材料 7. If you give us this agency we should spare no effort to further your interests.如果能得到該代理權(quán),我方將竭盡全力保障貴方的利益。8. Thank you for offering us the agency in this product. We appreciate the confidence you

26、have placed in us.感謝貴方授予我方在該產(chǎn)品的代理權(quán),對(duì)于貴方的信任我方深表感激。2.3 證書翻譯實(shí)訓(xùn)2.3.2將下列英語(yǔ)句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。 9. Miss Parker has been employed as Assistant Sales Administrator in our office for the past 2 years and I feel sure you will find her in every satisfactory. 帕克女士曾我公司擔(dān)任銷售助理達(dá)兩年,我們深信貴公司會(huì)對(duì)她在各方面的表現(xiàn)都非常滿意。10. We will be sorry to

27、lose Miss Parker, but realize that her abilities demand wider scope than is possible at this company. 對(duì)于帕克女士的離職我們深感遺憾,鑒于她需要比我們公司更大的空間以發(fā)揮她的才能,我們只能忍痛割愛。 2.3 證書翻譯實(shí)訓(xùn)2.3.2將下列英語(yǔ)句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。 4. I recognize the documents executed by the Attorney on behalf of me within the scope of authorization. 上述受權(quán)人在授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)簽署的有關(guān)

28、文件我(公司)均予承認(rèn)。5. Please kindly afford him any appropriate assistance concerning visa affairs in case of need. 請(qǐng)貴方協(xié)助辦理有關(guān)簽證手續(xù)。2.3 證書翻譯實(shí)訓(xùn)2.3.2將下列英語(yǔ)句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。 2.3.2將下列英語(yǔ)證書譯成漢語(yǔ)。California State UniversityUpon the Nomination of the Council and FacultyBy Virtue of the Authoring Vested in ThemHave Conferred Upon

29、Sun, XiaopingWho has satisfactorily pursued the studies and passed the examinationRequired therefore the Degree ofMaster of Business AdministrationWith all the rights, privileges, honors and responsibilities thereunto appertaining.Given at California State University, CaliforniaThis Nineteenth Day o

30、f May, Two Thousand OneJohn Williams (signature) Mary Brette(signature)Chairman of the Board Affairs Dean of Academic Gramham Birley Lisa Brown(signature) (signature)President of the University Registrar of the University例1Diploma of Degree美國(guó)加里福尼亞大學(xué)學(xué)位證書美國(guó)加里福尼亞大學(xué)學(xué)位授權(quán)委員會(huì)授予孫曉萍工商管理碩士學(xué)位。該生圓滿完成工商管理碩士所規(guī)定的全

31、部課程, 考試合格,享有加里福尼亞洲愛爾哈姆布拉市美國(guó)加里福尼亞大學(xué)工商管理碩士的一切權(quán)利和榮譽(yù)等。 二二一年五月十九日 董事長(zhǎng)(簽字) 系主任(簽字) 約翰.威廉 瑪麗.布萊特 校長(zhǎng)(簽字) 注冊(cè)主管(簽字) 格林漢姆.伯利 麗莎.布朗譯文學(xué)位證書例2Certificate of Graduation澤維爾高等教育學(xué)院威徹斯特 紐約 茲證明 已順利完成了本院四年制本科規(guī)定的全部課程。經(jīng)審核,該生符合我院畢業(yè)要求,經(jīng)教育中心批準(zhǔn),特頒發(fā)此證。紐約塞勒姆教育中心一九九八年六月執(zhí)行委員會(huì)(簽字) 學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)(簽字) 董事會(huì)(簽字)譯文畢業(yè)證書例3Certificate for Employment

32、工作證明 茲證明, (先生/女士)自2009年2月5日至 (日)受雇于法國(guó)德西尼布集團(tuán)(Technip Consortium)越南榕桔煉油廠現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程部,該雇傭關(guān)系基于TPC公司和BK工程建筑公司的變更合同。我方對(duì) (先生/女士)工作期間的表現(xiàn)非常滿意,對(duì) (先生/女士)的工作能力和團(tuán)體合作態(tài)度也予以特別肯定。德西尼布集團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)人 越南油氣公司榕桔煉油廠 Savo Glavas Mai Trieu Quang二九年 月 日 譯文工作證明例4Notary CertificateNOTARIAL CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFICATION(14) GLZZI, No.4583 Accor

33、ding to the certificate offered by Northwest Teachers University, this is to certify that Chen Hua (male, born in Lanzhou on September 20, 1964) was given the Instructors License by the Ministry of Education in July 1993. Notary: (Signature)(Official Stamp)Lanzhou Notary Public OfficeThe Peoples Rep

34、ublic of ChinaApril 5, 2014資格證書公證(95)甘蘭證字第4583號(hào) 陳華,男,1964年9月20日出生于蘭州。經(jīng)教育部批準(zhǔn),陳華于1993年7月由西北師范大學(xué)頒發(fā)了教師資格證書,特此證明。公證員:(簽名)(公章)蘭州公證處中華人民共和國(guó)二零一四年四月五日譯文公證書例5Business License BUSINESS LICENSE(1)REGISTERED NO.: 110000450DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT: 9/03/2010REGISTRATION AUTHORITY: BEIJINGADMINISTRATION FOR INDUSTRY

35、AND COMMERCECOMPANY NAME: BEIJING ABC CO., LTDADDRESS: ROOM12 FLOOR 3 CHINA LIFE BUILDING, CHAOWAI STREET NO.16, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJINGLEGAL REPRESATIVE: Li PingREGISTERED CAPITAL: 100,000 dollarCAPTITAL PAID-IN: 0 dollarCOMPANY TYPE: CORPORATE LIMITED (Taiwan HK Macao enterprise)BUSINESS SCOPE(

36、2) Food and beverages consulting, social economic consulting, economic information consulting, economic trading consulting; company management consulting; investment consulting; Corporate Planning consulting; public relationship service.INVESTOR(S): THE RICCI GROUP LIMITEDBUSINESS TERM: FROM 03/09/2

37、010 TO 08/03/2040 例4Business License 營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照注冊(cè)號(hào):110000450成立日期:二零一一年九月三日法定代表:北京工商業(yè)管理處名稱:北京ABC有限公司地址:北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)朝外街16號(hào)中國(guó)生活樓3樓12房法定代表人姓名:李平注冊(cè)資本:100,000美元實(shí)收資本: 0美元公司類型:有限責(zé)任公司(港澳臺(tái)企業(yè))經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍:食品飲料咨詢、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)咨詢、經(jīng)濟(jì)信息咨詢、經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易咨詢、公司管理咨詢、投資咨詢、公司規(guī)劃咨詢、公共關(guān)系服務(wù)等投資方:里奇集團(tuán)有限公司營(yíng)業(yè)期限至:2010年3月9日至2040年8月3日譯文營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照2.3.4將下列短文翻譯成英文。畢 業(yè) 證 書 學(xué)生陳華,女

38、,1978年3月出生。于2005年9月至2008年6月在廣州大學(xué)外語(yǔ)系英語(yǔ)文學(xué)專業(yè)完成了三年制碩士規(guī)定的全部課程,成績(jī)及格,準(zhǔn)予畢業(yè)。校名:廣州大學(xué) 院長(zhǎng) 李升證書編號(hào) 1234567890 二八年六月三十日 例1畢業(yè)證書CERTIFICATE FOR GRADUATIONCertificate No.: 1234567890 Chen Hua, female, born in March, 1978 was a postgraduate student majoring English Literature in the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Gua

39、ngzhou University during September 2005 to June 2008. She has completed all the prescribed three years postgraduate courses, passed all the examinations . Hereby he is allowed to graduate. President: Li Sheng Guangzhou University June 30, 2008譯文畢業(yè)證書致泰國(guó)駐上??傤I(lǐng)事館簽證處: 茲證明李美麗女士,身份證號(hào)42572519720101,現(xiàn)居住于上海市長(zhǎng)

40、寧區(qū)玉屏南路5弄505號(hào)室,將于2011年4月期間前往泰國(guó)旅游。玉屏南路街道居委會(huì)保證其遵守貴國(guó)法律,按期回國(guó)。感謝貴領(lǐng)館的配合!此致!居委會(huì)2011年3月18日 例2證明信Certificate for ResidenceTo Thai Consulate General in Shanghai Visa Office, Ms.Li Meili, Chinese citizen ID card:42572519720101. Currently living in Room505, No.5 , Lane, Yuping South Road, in Shanghai, Will be he

41、ld in April 2011 traveled to Thailand. We guarantee she will comply with the law in your country and will be back on schedule.Thank you for your cooperation! NeighborhoodMarch 18, 2011譯文證明信例3在讀證明在 讀 證 明 張楠,男,1987年12月15日出生。該生于2005年6月參加全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考,被我院商務(wù)英語(yǔ)系國(guó)際貿(mào)易專業(yè)錄取,普通全日制本科,學(xué)制四年。該生學(xué)號(hào)為050734238,已完成大學(xué)一年級(jí)第一學(xué)年全部

42、課程,預(yù)計(jì)于2009年7月畢業(yè)。特此證明。北京林業(yè)大學(xué)教務(wù)處2006年6月30日譯文在讀證明 Certificate for On-campus Students This is to certify that Zhang Nan, male, born on December 15, 1987, was admitted into the Foreign Trade Major of Business Department after reaching the required standard in the National College Matriculation Exam. He w

43、ill be required to complete a 4-year undergraduate courses for a Bachelors Degree. His student number is 050734238 and up to now she has completed and satisfied the requirements for the first academic year. She is expected to graduate in July, 2009.Teaching Affairs DivisionBeijing Forestry Universit

44、yJune 30,2006例4結(jié)業(yè)證明 茲證明,李美麗女士于2013年8月1日至31日參加了英國(guó)里丁大學(xué)舉辦的中國(guó)高校英語(yǔ)教師短期課程培訓(xùn),該教師已圓滿完成課程任務(wù)并順利結(jié)業(yè),特此證明。培訓(xùn)負(fù)責(zé)人:約翰史密斯國(guó)際學(xué)習(xí)與語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)英國(guó)里丁大學(xué)2013年9月1日譯文結(jié)業(yè)證明 Certificate of Completion This is to certify that Li Meili attended and successfully completed the course for the University Teachers of English from China between

45、 August 1 and August 31,2013. Granted: September 1, 2013 Director: John Smith International Study and Language Training Institute Reading University例5成績(jī)證明海南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)單姓名:李強(qiáng) 系別:商務(wù)英語(yǔ)系 專業(yè):國(guó)際貿(mào)易第一學(xué)年(20112012)課程分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)第一學(xué)期第二學(xué)期國(guó)際貿(mào)易7468外貿(mào)單證7886英語(yǔ)視聽說8970英語(yǔ)寫作7567商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀9071電子商務(wù)9078外貿(mào)函電8777譯文成績(jī)證明ACADEMIC RECORD OF

46、GRADUATESAT HAINAN FOREIGN LANGUAGE COLLEGEName: Li Qiang Department: Business English Major Field: Foreign Trade First Year(20112012)CoursesRecordRecordFirst TermSecond TermInternational Trade7468International Document7886English Listening and Speaking8970English Writing7567Business English Reading

47、9071Electronic Commerce9078Business Letters8777第二章 翻譯的原則和要素翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信:譯文必須忠實(shí)原文的意義;達(dá): 譯文的文字必須通順、流暢;雅: 譯文要文雅,吸引讀者。 “雅” 的質(zhì)疑:認(rèn)為翻譯應(yīng)忠實(shí)原文,不僅忠實(shí)原文的內(nèi)容,還要忠實(shí)原文的風(fēng)格,即所謂的“人雅我亦雅、人俗我亦俗”。翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 嚴(yán)復(fù)的“三字”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)無可厚非。然而,在當(dāng)代,文學(xué)翻譯只占翻譯總量的0.5%,大量的翻譯文本是非文學(xué)性的,翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該因文本的性質(zhì)、讀者對(duì)象和翻譯的目的等而異。(張春柏,2002:7) 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 評(píng)判譯文質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣應(yīng)該有比較客觀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或尺度。首先,翻譯質(zhì)

48、量的評(píng)估應(yīng)該以原文為參照點(diǎn)。流暢的譯文未必就是好的譯文,因?yàn)樵牟灰欢ǘ际橇鲿车摹F浯?,不同的文本?duì)譯文有不同的要求。根據(jù)德國(guó)翻譯理論家萊斯(2000)的觀點(diǎn),大多數(shù)文本可以分為以下三類:2.1.1描述性文本(descriptive text) 描述性文本注重內(nèi)容或信息的傳達(dá),包括新聞報(bào)道、商業(yè)信函、商品目錄、產(chǎn)品使用手冊(cè)、官方文件、法律文書、論文、報(bào)告等。這類文本注重客觀地表達(dá)所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,也稱為“注重內(nèi)容的文本”。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1.1描述性文本(descriptive text) 對(duì)這類文本譯文質(zhì)量的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要是看譯文是否準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)了原文的內(nèi)容或信息;譯文是否符合地道的譯語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣

49、用法和表達(dá)方式。例如,產(chǎn)品說明書的文字特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)潔明了,其目的是讓讀者了解該產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)和操作方法。翻譯說明書時(shí)如果一味地追求文字的優(yōu)美,反而會(huì)給讀者增加負(fù)擔(dān),甚至不知所云。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1.2表達(dá)性文本(expressive text) 表達(dá)性文本注重用各種不同的語(yǔ)言形式,表達(dá)作者的情感和立場(chǎng),也稱為“注重形式的文本”。每個(gè)具體的文本都有自己的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。 忠實(shí)的譯文必須是能夠用相應(yīng)的手段表達(dá)了原文的語(yǔ)言特色,盡可能讓譯文讀者有與原文讀者大體相同或相近的藝術(shù)享受。評(píng)價(jià)這類譯文要看譯者是否使用恰當(dāng)?shù)氖侄巫屪g文讀者充分領(lǐng)略原文中的文學(xué)和美學(xué)特點(diǎn)。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1.3祈使性文本(v

50、ocative text) 祈使性文本主要包括廣告、宣傳品、宗教說教、政治宣傳以及辯論性文本。這類文本注重它們的“感染”(鼓動(dòng))效果,也稱“注重感染(勸說效果)”的文本。評(píng)價(jià)這類譯文主要是看它們是否達(dá)到了與原文相同的效果。在翻譯這類文本時(shí)譯者可以拋開原文的形式,甚至某些語(yǔ)句的具體內(nèi)容,以求得形同的效果。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1.3 祈使性文本(vocative text) 譯者對(duì)于不同文本要按照不同文本的要求和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行翻譯,盡可能在思想內(nèi)容、表現(xiàn)手法及文本功能等方面,使譯文讀者能夠得到與原文讀者大致相同或近似的感受。如果做到這一點(diǎn),就是好的或比較好的譯文;相去甚遠(yuǎn)或完全不同,則是質(zhì)量低劣甚至是不

51、合格的譯文(見下頁(yè)譯文解析): 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)例1 Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in private-ness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 讀書足以怡情,足以博采, 足以長(zhǎng)才。 其怡情也, 最見于獨(dú)處幽居之時(shí);其博采也, 最見于高談闊論之中; 其長(zhǎng)才也, 最見

52、于處世判事之際。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 賞析 譯文采用直譯法,較好地保留了原文的形式,但具體詞組或單詞的翻譯又不拘泥于原文,作了適當(dāng)變通,如三個(gè)“足以”的排比與表達(dá), 所以說它又使用了意譯法。整個(gè)譯文是直譯與意譯的巧妙結(jié)合,把原文中的意義美、形式美和聲韻美都淋漓盡致地表現(xiàn)出來了。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 例2 this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the ea

53、rth. 要在上帝的保佑下,使我們的國(guó)家獲得自由的新生;要使我們這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的政府永世長(zhǎng)存。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)賞析 對(duì)原文最后一句話的翻譯, 用了幾個(gè)排比句型, 較好地體現(xiàn)了原文的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格。特別是對(duì)“government of the people, by the people, for the people”的處理,從傳意和表形上都譯得相當(dāng)成功。三個(gè)介詞分別譯為三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而且緊緊扣住了原文的信息內(nèi)核,用簡(jiǎn)潔有力的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來,這一成功的譯例一直被傳為譯界佳話。此段體現(xiàn)了演說詞的風(fēng)格。 當(dāng)代翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不合格的翻譯1. wrong translation: 錯(cuò)譯2. missing tra

54、nslation: 漏譯3. careless translation: 馬虎翻譯4. wrong expressions: 表達(dá)不當(dāng)5. wrong word collocation: 詞不搭配6. translation difficult to understand: 譯文費(fèi)解7. translation sounding like English or the original language: 洋化翻譯8. tasteless translation:白水翻譯不合格的翻譯例 1 1981年,在一個(gè)小縣城里,他出生在一個(gè)小地主家里。 原譯:In the year of 1911, h

55、e was born in the home of a petty landlord in a small county town. 改譯:In the year of 1911, he was born into the family of a petty landlord in a small county town. 不合格翻譯例 2 群眾是復(fù)雜的,工作又很多。 原譯:The masses of people are complex/ especially in the present masses there are extremely complex elements. 改譯:The

56、 situations are very complicated with the masses of the people. And we have a lot of work to do.不合格翻譯例 3 Try to be modest and prudent, guard against complacency. 原譯:要謙虛謹(jǐn)慎,戒驕戒躁。 改譯:要謙虛謹(jǐn)慎,防止自滿情緒。例 4 可是,憑我的心眼捉摸,這個(gè) 好像還有什么問題。 原譯:But in my opinion there was a problem in this family. 改譯: But as I saw it, t

57、here seemed to be a problem with this family.不合格翻譯例 5 He is physically weak but mentally sound. 原譯:他身體雖弱,但是思想健康。 改譯:她身體雖弱,但精神尚佳。不合格翻譯例 6 The body lay white and still beneath the pines. 譯文:這具尸體蒼白而安靜地躺在松樹下。 改譯:這具蒼白的尸體靜靜地躺在松樹下。不合格翻譯例 7 The alternatives are now clear to see. 原譯:代替的辦法現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)清楚在望。 改譯:現(xiàn)在有幾條路已經(jīng)能夠清楚地?cái)[在我們面前。不合格翻譯例 8 I can come to help you if it is necessary. 原譯:我會(huì)來幫你的,如果必要的話。 改譯:如果有必要,我會(huì)來幫助你的。不合格翻譯例 9 They had hardly enough time to catch the train. 原譯:他們僅有足夠的時(shí)間趕上火

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