大學(xué)英語AB級(jí)重點(diǎn)語法結(jié)構(gòu)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)大學(xué)英語A/B級(jí)重點(diǎn)語法結(jié)構(gòu)一、時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài) 二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 三、動(dòng)詞不定式四、分詞（分詞作狀語，分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞短語作定語和補(bǔ)語，with結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)名詞）五、定語從句 六、狀語從句 七、虛擬語氣八、主謂一致 九、倒裝句 十、強(qiáng)調(diào)句十一、反義疑問句 十二、代詞 十三、形容詞和副詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)考察重點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí)：常和before, after, until, when 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用，其謂語動(dòng)作一般表示過去。（by the time/the end of ）+ 表

2、示過去時(shí)間的短語或句子。hardly/scarcely +過去完成時(shí)+when+過去時(shí)；no sooner + 過去完成時(shí) + than + 過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)狀語詞組：this day (week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year 等。將來完成時(shí)：常和before, until , when, after 等詞連用，其謂語動(dòng)作一般表示將來。by (the time/end of )+表示將來的時(shí)間或句子。By the end of this mont

3、h, we surely _a satisfactory solution to the problem.have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are findingIt seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it high. have leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leakingthe conference _ a full week by

4、the time it ends.A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted4) Until then, _ his family from him for six months.A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hasnt heard D. hadnt heard情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞測(cè)試重點(diǎn)：should (ought to) +have +p.p. （應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生的事情）might(could)+have +p.p. （過去可能發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生的事情）mu

5、st+have +p.p. (對(duì)過去事件的推論) 只用于肯定句。否定句用cant , can.The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned.cant have been B. shouldnt have beenmustnt have been D. wouldnt have beenWith all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.A. mustnt go B. wouldnt go C. oughtnt go D. shouldnt have gone 動(dòng)詞不定式考察重點(diǎn)：不定式的

6、完成式，進(jìn)行式和被動(dòng)式。Mrs. Brown is supposed _ for Italy last week.to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left2) Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem_ all the time.A. to get worse B. getting worse C. to have got worse D. to be getting worse3) This book is said _ into doze

7、ns of languages in the last decade.A. to have been translated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to have translated分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）分詞作狀語當(dāng)分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般須與句子的主語保持一致，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步和伴隨?，F(xiàn)在分詞和主句中的主語有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，過去分詞和主句中的主語有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.A. scolding B. to scold C. having s

8、colded D. scolded 2) _ such a good chance, he planed to learn more.A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving3） Heated，water changes into steam. (時(shí)間狀語)當(dāng)受熱時(shí)，水就變成了蒸汽。4） Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I turned to the teacher for help. （原因）由于不知道如何處理這個(gè)問題，我向老師求助。5） Being ill,

9、 the girl still came to class yesterday. （讓步）雖然病了，這個(gè)女孩仍然來上課了。6）His father died, leaving his son nothing. （結(jié)果）他父親死了，給他的兒子什么都沒留下。（二）分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞短語作作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般與句子的主語不一致，分詞短語前需帶其本身的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨情況等。1）His voice _，he said he was too upset to say any more A）shake B）be shaking C）was shaking D）

10、shaking 2）Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天來了，天氣越來越冷了。3） More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。4） Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下來喝茶。（時(shí)間）5）The condition being favorable, he may succeed.（條件）若條件有利，他或許能成功。6）There being no taxis, we had

11、 to walk.（表示原因）沒有出租車，我們只好步行。7）Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. （伴隨情況）幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體(三） 分詞短語作定語和賓補(bǔ)1）The manager promised to keep me _ of how our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing2) The first text book _ for te

12、aching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. written B. to be written C. writing D. being written 3) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.( 前置定語-被動(dòng)意義)4) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. （完成意義）5) Who were the so-called guests in

13、vited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? （后置定語）6) Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise（四）With+名詞 （代詞）+ V-ed/ V-ing1).John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishingC. having finished D. was finished2).

14、I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes onC. went on D. to go on(五) 動(dòng)名詞考察重點(diǎn)只跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞：risk, finish, miss, mind, avoid, dislike, enjoy, practice, admit, hate, escape, appreciate, consider, deny , fancy, favor, delay, suggest, imagine, mention, postpone, excuse, involve, confe

15、ss, include, acknowledge, understand,To作介詞后面接ing分詞常見幾個(gè)詞組：be accustomed to, be used to doing, devote oneself to doing object to, look forward to狀語從句1)They are considering _ before the prices go up.of buying the house B. with buying the houseC. buying the house D. to buy the house2) its no use _ me no

16、t to worry.A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. having tolddifficultytroublehave a good/hard time (in) +v-ingno businessplease (六) 定語從句考察重點(diǎn)：that, as, when, where, which, whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)+of +which /whom介詞 + which/whose/whom1) A child _ parents are dead is called an

17、orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which2) The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that3) Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult.A. which B. it C. what D. that4) He has two sons, _ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of

18、 which D. all of whom5) _ might be expected, the response to the question was vey mixed.A. As B. That C. It D. What(七) 狀語從句考察重點(diǎn)：1）時(shí)間狀語從句的名詞詞組：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant2) 原因狀語從句的連詞：as, seeing that (), in that, considering that, for the reason that, now that,

19、 given that, because, since, as, for3) 目的狀語從句：lest, in case, in order that, for fear that, for the purpose that4) 條件狀語從句：as/so long as, unless，only if, providing/provided that（假若）, suppose that, in case that, on condition that， assuming that， （假定），suppose/supposing that （假使）5）比較狀語從句：the more the mor

20、e, than（不同程度的比較） , as(同級(jí)比較)6）讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if, even though，as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝), while ( 一般用在句首 ), no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, etc. 1). We wont give up _we should fail ten times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until2) We had hardly got to the station _it

21、began no rain.A. until B. since C. while D. when3) . Father was _busy in working _he often forgot rest or meals.A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as4) . He always thinks Im wrong, _I may say.A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that5) Not until I began to work _how much time I

22、 had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C.I didnt realize D. I realized(八) 虛擬語氣 在下列表示具有請(qǐng)求、建議、愿望、命令等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞、過去分詞等之后的從句中，需用虛擬語氣。形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或者省去“should”, 直接用動(dòng)詞原形。1. 虛擬語氣用于賓語從句常用動(dòng)詞有：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）；兩個(gè)命令（order, command）；四項(xiàng)要求（demand, desire, require, request）；四條建議（advise, suggest, propose

23、, recommend）。1）The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules. A. obeysB. obey C. will obeyD. would obey 2） He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用專機(jī)來運(yùn)送藥品。2. 用于主語從句常用形容詞：necessary, important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative(迫切的), urgent, preferabl

24、e, vital, insistent, crucial（緊要關(guān)頭）, strange（不可思議的）常用的分詞：suggested, proposed, demanded, required, requested，desired, ordered, recommended, insisted, asked, resolved等1)、It is vital that enough money_ to fund the project.A)be collected B)must be collectedC)is collected D)can be collected2)、It is recomm

25、ended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.A)is not started B)will not be startedC)is not to be started D)not be started3. 虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句常見的名詞有：suggestion, advise, proposal, order, decision, request, requirement, necessity, desire, demand, idea, motion, necessity, insistenc

26、e, instruction, plan, preference, recommendation, resolution1) My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other group. 我的建議是我們派幾個(gè)人去幫相別的小組。2) This was his order that we stay where we were.4 虛擬語氣用于狀語從句1）_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner p

27、arty.A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive2) The tree looked as if it _for a long time.A. hasnt watered B. didnt water C. hadnt been watered D. wasnt watered5 虛擬語氣的其它用法1）It is (high, about) time句型，表示“早該干某事而已有些晚了”。If only 引起的感嘆句，表示“但愿，該。就搞了”。1） Its time

28、 _ about the traffic problem downtown.A. something was done B. anything will be doneC. everything is done D. nothing to be done2) Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I _ your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed2) 條件暗含在with, without, but for, or , otherwise,

29、except for , under the condition, in the position of 等介詞短語中，謂語一般要用should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should, 直接用動(dòng)詞原形。1）_ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In spite of B. In case of C. But for D. Because of 2) We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. would have telephoned

30、B. must have telephonedC. would telephone D. had telephoned3) He must have had an accident, or he _ then.A. would have been here B. had to be hereC. should be here D. would be here 3. lest, for fear that, in order that, in case 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。1） The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell (軟墊小室) lest he _

31、 himself. （A）A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure4. wish, would rather/sooner/as soon后的賓語從句。Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. shouldnt九、主謂一致重點(diǎn)：語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。如果主語為單數(shù)而后面跟有with， together with，along with, combined

32、with, in addition to, except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞且前面有every, each, no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.Many a (an/another)+名詞；more than one + 名詞等作

33、主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：more than one person was involved in the case.The number (variety of ) + 名詞作主語；an amount of (a deal of/plenty of )+不可數(shù)名詞；a quality of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。由“and”連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語，and后面：的名詞若不加冠詞，常指同一個(gè)人或事物，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：the secretary and manager(書記兼經(jīng)理)。以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞如表示的是一門學(xué)科，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如指特定事物，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。由連詞or, either

34、nor, not onlybut also, nor 等連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞，謂語形式應(yīng)采用毗鄰一致的原則，即謂語與鄰近的主語一致。How close parents are to their children_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A. have B. has C. having D. to have 十、倒裝重點(diǎn)：only+副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句引出的句子。以never, little, nowhere, rarely, seldom, scarcely, hardly, no sooner, in no

35、 case, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means等引導(dǎo)的句子。1）Only by shouting at the top of his voice _.A. was he able to make himself hear. B. he was able to make himself, hear. C. he was able to make himself heard. D. was he able to make himself heard.2) She never laughed, _ lose

36、her temper.A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did十一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that +句子的其它成分。例如：_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A. That was from Stephen B. It was Stephen whomC. It was from Stephen that D. It was Stephen that 十二、反義疑

37、問句重點(diǎn)：當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everyone, everybody, someone, no one, somebody, nobody 等合成詞，其含義相當(dāng)于漢語的人的集合時(shí)，附加疑問句的代詞用復(fù)數(shù)they 來代替。當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為everything, nothing, anything, something時(shí)，疑問句部分中的主語要用it。 如nobody came to see me, did they?如果陳述部分是Im 結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問句部分一般用arent I. 如Im stupid, arent I ?祈使句后可加一個(gè)簡短問句，使口氣變得客氣一些。Dont forget to walk the dog while I am away, _ ?can you B. has been C. do you D. will you十三、代詞本部分考察重點(diǎn)是不定代詞many, much, little, few 都是表示數(shù)量的代詞。Many , few 用作可數(shù)名詞，作主語或賓語時(shí)，可指人；much, little用作不可數(shù)名詞，作主語或賓語時(shí)指事物。both, either, ne