蒙大英語國家-英國概況教案05 British religion

1、Lecture Five Religion in UK ( By Li Huirong)Warming-Up Questions: 1.What is the basic function of religion in peoples daily life?2.Why is the church of England not as strong as might first appear?I A General introductionFreedom of religious belief and worship, and also the freedom to be a non-believ

2、er, is taken for granted in modern Britain. The vast majority of people in Britain do not regularly attend religious services. Most people are not active participants in organized religion.A majority of people approve of the fact that religious instruction at state schools is compulsory. Surveys hav

3、e suggested that nearly three-quarters of the population believe in God and a third believe in concepts such as life after death, heaven and hell.With the notable exception of Northern Ireland, a persons religion has almost no political significance. II Religious historyAround 432 Ireland converted

4、to Christanity by St. Patrick, who brought faith from RomeHis followers spread christianity to Wales, Scotland & N. England, established religious centresIn Ad 496-7: the Saxons of A. England were converted to Christianity by St. Augustine & other monks sent from Rome by PopeIn Ad 597: St Augustine

5、founded the ecclesiastical capital of CanterburyIII British worship-Established churches two established churches, i.e. the Church of England in England and the Church of Scotland in ScotlandChurch of EnglandThe crown is the member of the Church.The senior church offices are appointed by the crown o

6、n the advice of the prime minister.Some senior church officials sit in the Lords.The Church of England has tow provinces: Canterbury and York.The Canterbury CathedralChristianityis the Established Religion in the UKIt refers to all doctrines and religious groups based on the teaching of Jesus Christ

7、. It was founded in the 1st century in Palestine. Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God, and his teaching is contained in the Bible, the holy book of Christianity. In Europe, Christianity is divided into three major groups, Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church and Orthodox Eas

8、tern Church. Church of ScotlandCreated in 1560 by John KnoxAn established church in Scotland confirmed by successive legislation from 1707Follow the teaching of CalvinGoverned by eldersThe British monarch as its headIndependent of all parliamentary supervisionThe general Assembly - the supreme organ

9、izational body of the churchMade up of elected ministers & elders-Unestablished churches Anglican Churches: the Church of Ireland, the Episcopal Church in Scotland and the Church in WalesThe free churches: the Methodist Church, Salvation Army, the Baptists, the United Reform Church.The Roman Catholi

10、c Church:The church continues to emphasize the important role of education for its children & requires its members to try to raise their children in the Catholic faithIV Minority Religions in Britain -Islam Background and beliefs: The sources of Islam are the Koran, believed by Muslims to be the exa

11、ct word of God, and the Hadith - the report of the sayings, deeds and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad .Leaders: Islam has no priests, only (in the Shia tradition) imams, who act as guides and interpreters of the Koran Places: The Koran requires all Muslims to undertake a pilgrimage (Haj) to Mecca

12、in Saudi Arabia once in their lifetime, if their health and means permit. Community profile: Britains Muslim community numbers about two million people. Large communities exist in the West Midlands, West Yorkshire, Bradford, Lancashire, Greater London and in Scotlands central belt. -HinduismBackgrou

13、nd and beliefs: Hinduism is both a civilisation and a congregation of religions, having neither a founder, central authority, hierarchy nor organisation. Places: Hindus consider the Ganges river in India to be holy Community profile: There are between 400,000 and 550,000 people in the UK Hindu commu

14、nity, concentrated in London (especially Wembley and Harrow), Birmingham, Coventry and Leicester. Membership has increased by 40% since 1975. -Buddhism The earliest Buddhist influence on Britain came through its imperial connections with South East AsiaThe tradition of study resulted in the foundati

15、on of thePali Text Society, which undertook the task of translating the Pali Canon of Buddhist texts into English. Buddhism as a path of practice was pioneered by the Theosophists Madame Blavatskyand Colonel Olcott and in 1880 they became the first Westerners to receive the refuges and precepts, the

16、 ceremony by which one traditionally becomes a Buddhist.In 1924 Londons Buddhist Society was founded, and in 1926 the Theravadin . The rate of growth was slow but steady through the century, and the 1950s saw the development of interest in Zen Buddhism. In 1967 Kagyu Samy Ling Monastery and Tibetan

17、Centre now the largest Tibetan Buddhist centre in Western Europe, was founded in Scotland. The first home-grown Buddhist movement was also founded in 1967, the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO). There are many Ska Gakkai Buddhist groups in the UK.A list of new words and expressions: instr

18、uctionn.1命令, 指示2講授, 指導, 教學3使用說明書, 操作指南compulsoryadj.必須做的, 強制性的surveyvt.1眺望; 縱覽2測量; 勘察3檢查, 鑒定4通盤考慮, 回顧n.調查Christn.1基督2救世主worshipvt.崇拜; 尊崇vi.做禮拜cathedraln.總教堂, 大教堂Cultural Notes: Hinduismn.印度教Buddhism佛教n.Lancashiren.蘭開夏（ 英格蘭西北部的州）meccan.眾人渴望去的地方Muslimn.穆斯林; 伊斯蘭教信徒adj.穆斯林的, 伊斯蘭教信徒的the Koran古蘭經(jīng)Islamn.1伊斯蘭教2(總稱)伊斯蘭教徒, 穆斯林Protestantn.新教徒(指16世紀脫離羅馬天主教之基督教團體或后來由其形成的教派成員)adj.新教徒的Palestinen.巴勒斯坦(西南亞一地區(qū))Jesusn.耶穌York約克角(澳大利亞東北部)(在約克角半島)Assignments: Blank-filling1.The holy book of Christianity is _;is consists of two parts,