2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項沖刺專題02形容詞和副詞含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項沖刺專題02形容詞和副詞含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項沖刺專題02形容詞和副詞含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項沖刺專題02形容詞和副詞含解析專題02 【形容詞和副詞】解題指導(dǎo)觸類旁通尋方法，求策略，掌握“套路”形容詞和副詞細(xì)識別1.利用詞類用法確定用詞名詞前和系動詞后應(yīng)用形容詞,行為動詞前后、形容詞前、過去分詞前、句首和句尾等用副詞。系動詞后作表語，表“的之意時用形容詞,而不用副詞或名詞。作表語,說明主語是“什么， 用名詞。2。兩者比較用比較級，三者或三者以上比較用最高級。3.記住perfect、 favorite、 excellent、 s

2、uperior無比較等級。4.意義有別的同根副詞，如:hard/hardly （努力地/幾乎不)、 beside/besides （在旁邊/另外)、 close/closely （靠近地/真切地）、 most/mostly (最;最大/主要地）看到四種情況，想到比較等級1.看到與than連用，要想到用比較級2.看到and， but, or等連詞前面或后面用比較等級形式,要想到用比較等級3?？吹秸Z境中暗含的比較含義，要想到用比較級（二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)4?？吹较铝泄潭ù钆?，要想到用比較等級(1)the比較級.。， the比較級.(2)the最高級標(biāo)志性詞語或從句考點突破針對提能明考點

3、，攻重難,有效提升考點一 形容詞和副詞的基本用法1形容詞的基本用法形容詞在句中可作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。（2019江蘇卷）Unlike traditional gyms， app。backed gyms offer people flexible options to exercise.不像傳統(tǒng)的體育鍛煉,有app軟件的體育鍛煉給人們提供了靈活的鍛煉選項?！久麕燑c津】(1)形容詞作狀語主要表示原因、結(jié)果或伴隨等，其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。Light.hearted and optimistic， she is the sort of woman to spread

4、 sunshine to people through her smile。她無憂無慮、積極樂觀，是那種用微笑給別人帶來快樂的人。（2)有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞,而不是副詞.常見的有：friendly， lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。2副詞的基本用法(1）副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示時間、地點、程度、方式等。（2019天津卷)A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established。狗的飲食習(xí)慣在正確建立之前需要定期的訓(xùn)練

5、?！久麕燑c津】有些副詞，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly， actually， personally等作評注性狀語，往往修飾整個句子，而且它們常位于句首，且有逗號與后面的句子分開.（安徽卷）Thankfully， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.謝天謝地，我終于打完比賽了，所有的辛苦最終都是值得的。(2)?？嫉倪B接性副詞：though“然而,可是”(用于句末）；meanwhile“在此期間”；therefore/thus/con

6、sequently“因此,所以”;moreover/furthermore“此外”；besides“另外，還有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替；anyway/anyhow“盡管，即使這樣”;otherwise“否則”。(天津卷)The young man couldnt afford a new car。Instead， he bought a used one.這個年輕人買不起一輛新車,相反，他買了一輛二手車。(江西卷）The house was too expensive and too big。 Besides, Id grown fond of our littl

7、e rented house.那所房子太貴、太大了.此外，我已經(jīng)越來越喜歡我們租的這間小屋了.易用錯的幾類副詞beside在旁邊besides 此外，而且late遲；晚later以后；后來latest 最近的，最新的ago以前（以現(xiàn)在為起點）before以前(以過去為起點）somewhere某處everywhere到處high 在高處；高h(yuǎn)ighly 高度地；很；非常wide廣闊地；充分地widely廣泛地；普遍地deep深深地deeply深刻地；深沉地free免費(fèi)地freely自由地；暢通地close接近；緊挨著closely仔細(xì)地；緊密地hard努力地hardly幾乎不near在附近nea

8、rly幾乎，差不多考點二 形容詞和副詞的比較等級1比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成(1）規(guī)則變化詞形分類及變化構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般加er或。esttalltallertallestlonglongerlongest以。e結(jié)尾的，只加.r或。stnicenicernicestfinefinerfinest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，先雙寫該輔音字母再加er或。estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加。er或.esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasi

9、ereasiest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在前面加more或mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficultbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful【名師點津】1。有少數(shù)幾個雙音節(jié)以及。ow，er,.le結(jié)尾的詞，既可以加er和。est, 又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級.?？嫉脑~有：common， clever， simple, quiet， stupid等。2.表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent， extreme， perfect, favorite, wonderful等，沒有最高級,也不能用比較級

10、。有些詞不與than連用可用于比較，如be senior to等.(2）不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/much moremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlittlelessleastfarfarther（具體）farthest(具體）further（抽象）furthest（抽象）2.比較等級的用法(1）同級比較asadj./adv。（原級)as。.“和一樣”；not as/soadj。/adv.（原級)as。.“和不一樣”(天津卷)Though I worked as hard as b

11、efore, I felt no fatigue。雖然我像以前一樣努力工作，但我沒有感到疲勞.當(dāng)as.as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時,可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：as形容詞原級a(n)n。as.。asmany可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)as.。.asmuch不可數(shù)名詞as.。.Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today。今天對房間進(jìn)行了大掃除之后我很累,我從來沒有過比今天更累的一天了。（2)比較級“形容詞/副詞比較級than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方

12、更”?！發(fā)ess形容詞/副詞原級than結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“一方不及另一方”。(2018全國卷)Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)早起鍛煉的人要比晚上鍛煉的人睡得更好?！久麕燑c津】修飾比較級的副詞有：much， even， still, far, a little, a lot， rather 等.more， very等副詞不可修飾比較級，這也是短文改錯經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的錯誤之一。（天津卷)It was also mu

13、ch more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.這個價格仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價位，但是它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于最初的要價了。（3）最高級表示三者或三者以上的比較，常見的結(jié)構(gòu)：“the最高級表示比較范圍的短語或從句，表示“是中最的”。(四川卷）Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got。安迪很滿意這個玩具。這是他至今得到的最好的玩具。one of形容詞最高級名詞復(fù)數(shù)Shanghai is one of the bigges

14、t cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country。上海是我國最大的城市之一。序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級名詞Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。最高級的其他表達(dá)法a否定詞比較級b比較級thanany other單數(shù)名詞比較級thanall the other復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級thanany of the other復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級than anything/anyone elseYour story is perfect

15、；Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了,我以前從未聽過比這更好聽的故事。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China。長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。(4）含有比較等級的特殊句型“theadj。/adv。.er，theadj。/adv.。er”“越，就越”“adj。/adv.erandadj./adv。.er”“越來越”“theadj。erof the two名詞”

16、“某人或某物是兩者中較的那個”no more than“僅僅”；not more than“至多；不超過”more.。than。.?！芭c其說倒不如說”no比較級than“和一樣不not比較級than“不比更”倍數(shù)句型aA is倍數(shù)比較級thanBbA is倍數(shù)as原級asBcA is倍數(shù)the名詞（size, length, height等)ofB（全國卷)The more positive an article， the more likely it was to be shared。一篇文章越積極，就越可能被分享.More and more people realize the impor

17、tance of learning a foreign language well。越來越多的人認(rèn)識到學(xué)好一門外語的重要性.(江蘇卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole?？偟膩碚f，電子廢棄物正以比傳統(tǒng)垃圾快三倍的速度增加.跟蹤檢測遷移應(yīng)用練模擬，練規(guī)范,夯基提能I.高考真題診斷單句語法填空1。 (2020全國I) Data about the moons composition, such as how_ ice and other tr

18、easures it contains， could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical。2。 （2020全國卷II） Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花）：The_(beauty） long branches covered with pink-colored buds（蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.3。 （2020全國卷III)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait（

19、畫像）done so he called all great artists to come and present their_(fine) work， so that he could choose the best。4。 （2019全國卷I） It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _（poor) studied; however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000- 25,00

20、0 polar bears worldwide。5。 （2019全國卷I） Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集）around human settlements，leading to the illusion(錯覺）that populations are_（high) than they actually are.【答案詳解】1.答案：much 解析：ice是不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)使用much修飾，故填much。2。答案：beautiful修飾名詞branches，用形容詞形式.故填

21、beautiful。3.答案：finest 解析：結(jié)合句意,皇帝想要畫家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級 finest。故填 finest。4.答案：poorly 解析:由于對北極熊活動的范圍研究很少，很難計算出全球北極熊的數(shù)量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞has been studied，應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，填poorly意為“研究很少。5.答案:higher 解析: 空格后面有 than,所以空格處用比較級 higher.II。精選典題形容詞和副詞專題對點訓(xùn)練單句語法填空6. Landing on the moons far side is_（extreme) challe

22、nging。7. As the small boat moved，_（gentle） along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.8。 It is an (attract) place full of ancient bridges， traditional hotels and restaurants all built around an amazing water network that is part of the BeijingHangzh

23、ou canal， the (long) canal in the world.9. Her years of hard work have _（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated （提名）her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.10. They also shared with us many_(tradition）stories about Hawaii that were_（huge）popular with tourists。11. According to a review of e

24、vidence in a medical journal, runners live three years_（long)than non-runners.12. A taste for meat is_（actual）behind the change:An important part of itscorn is used to feed chickens,pigs，and cattle。He screams the_（loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward

25、 me。Thinking his key was controversial，I devoted myself to the problem heart and soul, trying to figure it out in a different way。 Twenty minutes （late), I succeeded in finding, in my opinion， the right key。 I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was (convenient) than

26、others.【答案詳解】6.答案：extremely 解析：空處修飾形容詞 challenging，應(yīng)使用extreme 的副詞形式，故填extremely.7。答案：gently 解析:此處修飾動詞moved 應(yīng)用副詞 gently,表示“緩緩地”。故填 gently.8.答案：attractive；longest解析：第一個空修飾place，故應(yīng)用形容詞attractive，表示“吸引人的”.第二個空前面有the,空后有比較范圍in the world，故應(yīng)填最高級longest,表示“最長的。9.答案：finally 解析: 空格處應(yīng)為副詞詞性，修飾動詞,故填 finally.10.答

27、案： traditional 解析： 考查形容詞形式；hugely 副詞修飾形容詞。11.答案:longer 解析： 句中有 than,故用 long的比較級 longer.12。答案:actually 解析: 這里需填副詞來修飾謂語動詞is.13.答案：loudest 解析: 根據(jù)語境和空后的 of all的修飾可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞的最高級.14.答案:later解析： 句意:由于認(rèn)為他的答案有爭議，我全心全意地研究這一問題，試圖用不同的方法把它解出來。二十分鐘以后，我找到了自己認(rèn)為正確的答案.late 表示“遲,晚”,later 表示“后來,以后”.15.答案：more convenient

28、解析：考查形容詞的比較級.根據(jù)該句中的“than”可知，空處用形容詞的比較級。III.精選典題形容詞和副詞專題對點訓(xùn)練單句改錯16。 Like most grownups, she enjoys folk songs, because the peacefully music reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young。17。 After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening 。18。 Over the past few decades， we have developed

29、an amazing network of public transportation。 Beside， we have decided to make efforts to make it much better.19。 But I think wed better have more outdoor activities。 As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. 20. As a result，people in moder

30、n world generally live much more longer than people in the past.【答案詳解】16.答案：peacefullypeaceful解析：句意：像大多數(shù)成年人一樣，她喜歡民歌，因為平靜的音樂讓她回想起她年輕時的美好時光.music為名詞，前應(yīng)用形容詞修飾,故將peacefully改為peaceful。17。答案：frightening改為frightened 解析：考查形容詞frightened意為“某人感到害怕的”。18。答案：BesideBesides解析：句意：過去的幾十年以來，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)展了令人驚嘆的公共交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)。除此之外，我們還

31、決定努力使它變得更好.前后兩句話之間是遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系,故用besides，表示“除此之外”。beside是介詞,表示“在旁邊。”19.答案:longer long解析:句意：但是我認(rèn)為，我們最好進(jìn)行更多的外活動。作為學(xué)生，我們通常在教室里坐的時間太長，結(jié)果我們的眼睛和大腦變得疲勞.副詞too修飾形容詞、副詞原級。20.答案：去掉more解析：因為longer本身已經(jīng)是比較級,不能再用more修飾。IV。精選典題形容詞和副詞專題對點訓(xùn)練短文語法填空Mary had lived in China for 21。_（near） twenty years before she came here. I

32、ve planned to visit China next year. So I requested her to tell me the 22。_ (good)time to go there。 Mary said to me,The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November. During these months， the weather is 23._(particular)pleasant throughout the country， neither too hot nor too cold，” Im 24。_ （interest）in tasting all kinds of food all over the world. I