高考英語完形填空題型及解題技巧,高考英語完形填空考點(diǎn)總結(jié)及真題解析

1、完形填空記敘文高考頻度：【命題解讀】記敘文一直受高考完形填空命題者的青睞，在高考完形填空題材中占有相當(dāng)大的比重。這是因?yàn)槠溆腥宋?、情?jié)發(fā)展等線索可循，內(nèi)容情節(jié)深刻，常涉及人物心理活動(dòng)的細(xì)致描寫，篇章與語句的結(jié)構(gòu)變化豐富多彩。這種類型的試題，更能考查考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容選擇符合文章情節(jié)的答案，可以充分體現(xiàn)考生對事物的應(yīng)變能力。仔細(xì)研讀近幾年高考完形填空我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，記敘文是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的一類文體，多以記人和敘事為主。具體地說，它是借助敘述、描寫等手段記敘社會(huì)中的人物和事件發(fā)展過程，用以表現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。記敘文多以人的思想和行為為中心，以時(shí)間或空間的變化為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)束來展開

2、敘述。研讀記敘型完形填空，可看出以下趨勢：1.首句完整，線索清楚。一般作者在第一句話就交代了人物的姓名、身份、業(yè)績或事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，然后再介紹事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展，最后得出結(jié)果。2.敘述靈活，側(cè)重語境。文章以敘述為主，人物間對話較少，絕大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，較少加入作者的觀點(diǎn)或評論。因此，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)態(tài)度與觀點(diǎn)的跳躍變換，或語氣上的差異。這增加了情景的迷惑性和干擾性，從而突出了對語境的依賴，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上，通過語境，辨析詞語，作出選擇。3.實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔。高考記敘型完形填空，篇章不長，一般在200280個(gè)詞左右，始終緊扣話題中心，形成一個(gè)主題連續(xù)體。選項(xiàng)一般為同一詞類或同一

3、范疇。重點(diǎn)集中于動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞或副詞等實(shí)詞上，介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞的【解析】考查相對較少。實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔，更能體現(xiàn)在語境中考查英語運(yùn)用能力這一思路。【應(yīng)試策略】在記敘文類完形填空的解題過程中，除了需要具備扎實(shí)的語言知識(shí)之外，還需要一套過硬的解題方法和技巧，很明顯，如果掌握了正確的解題思路，就會(huì)起到事半功倍的效果，從而大幅度提高正確率。1.重視首句，開篇明義。從歷年的試題可以看出，完形填空首句一般不設(shè)題。這為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)窗口，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息。所以應(yīng)充分重視首句的指示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此拓展思維，爭取開局勝利。2.利用語境，揣摩心態(tài)。

4、高考完形填空題逐漸摒棄語法分析，朝著深層化和語境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文語境啟示或限定，揣摩作者的心情，以及他對各個(gè)角色、各個(gè)事件的態(tài)度。在答題過程中，除了對關(guān)聯(lián)用語的把握外，還要把握語氣、動(dòng)作等的描寫。3. 瞻前顧后在完形填空的解題過程中，從空格前面的相關(guān)語句中尋找解題依據(jù)的方法通常被稱為“瞻前法”；所謂“顧后”，是指在做完形填空時(shí)參考空后的有關(guān)信息來解題。4.理清線索，把握方向。記敘文一般按事件發(fā)展順序敘述，有時(shí)用倒敘。答題時(shí)，通過理清人物間的關(guān)系，把握人物各自所做的事情，從而把握細(xì)節(jié)，找準(zhǔn)作者的記敘方向，正確理解文章?！窘忸}技巧】 1. 讀透首句，掌握主旨重視首句，明

5、確短文話題，了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，預(yù)測全文內(nèi)容。絕大多數(shù)記敘文的作者都會(huì)用一句話點(diǎn)明人物的姓名、身份或事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，然后再逐漸深入介紹事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展，最后得出結(jié)論，所以讀透句首對學(xué)生了解全文至關(guān)重要，這就是我們理解文章內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的突破口。2. 跳空速讀全文，掌握中心速讀全文要求一氣呵成，跳過空格，快速閱讀，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，把握中心。重點(diǎn)了解記敘文的要素，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件等，從整體上把握文章的敘述順序和結(jié)構(gòu)主線。3. 身臨其境，故事重構(gòu)采取換位思考的方式，假設(shè)自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模擬故事的情景，體會(huì)人物的心情，推理故事的發(fā)展,體驗(yàn)作者的心情以及觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等，這樣才能對故事或事

6、件有一個(gè)貼切的把握，才能選出符合語境的選項(xiàng)。同時(shí)要注意文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)。4. 關(guān)注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而發(fā)、心理體驗(yàn)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)等。要注意結(jié)合語境選用合適的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞等。5. 瀏覽全文，復(fù)查核定根據(jù)記敘文的線索，考生一定要進(jìn)行回查，仔細(xì)推敲，校正全文，使故事恢復(fù)原貌。檢查要點(diǎn)是：（1）語意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通順連貫，內(nèi)容是否完整；（3）所選詞匯是否符合語法、句法結(jié)構(gòu)；（4）文化背景和生活常識(shí)是否合理。題組一（高考真題）Cloze1【2020全國卷II】It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Ni

7、colo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italys privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍賣)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many ot

8、her things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Tu

9、rin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(簽名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and

10、 was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his fathers painting.“Thats the garden in our picture,”Nicolos son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learn

11、ed that it was 58 Paul Gauguins “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.41AattachedBallocatedCexposedDsubmitted42AfinishedBdelayedCconsideredDtried43AattendedBres

12、ervedCcancelledDrun44AshownBfoundCkeptDhidden45AniceBfamiliarCusefulDreal46AbattledBdebatedCdiscussedDbargain47AheldBleftCregisteredDbrought48AchosenBreceivedCorderedDmoved49AmissedBfailedCtakenDled50AconcreteBunusualCunappealingDnatual51AappreciatedBtouchedCresearchedDwitnessed52ApainterBdesignerCa

13、uthorDactor53AexpectedBsurprisedCanxiousDready54AroomBkitchenChallDgarden55AapparentlyBconfidentlyCeventuallyDtemporarily56AownedBborrowedCsoldDstole57AcollectedBcleanedCframedDstudied58AsuitablyBactuallyCrightlyDspecifically59AgirlBartistCfamilyDpolice60AcopiesBoriginalsCmodelsDpresentsClose 2【2020

14、山東卷】閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A

15、flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28

16、during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling(幼樹)a bam

17、boo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.21AdreamBjobCh

18、omeDchoice22AnatureByouthCcultureDknowledge23ApreciousBinterestingCdisturbingDawkward24AwasteBtensionCpainDdamage25ABesidesBHoweverCThereforeDOtherwise26AagreedBrealizedCrememberedDpredicted27AnoiseBheatCdiseaseDdust28AdirectionsBpartnersChelpDshelter29AlaborBpoliceCforestDfinance30ArebuiltBdiscover

19、edCleftDmanaged31ADecoratingBObservingCWateringDGuarding32AtoughBillegalCfantasticDbeneficial33AbackBtopCfootDside34Acool downBkeep offCpurifyDcollect35AreturnedBlearnedCfailedDcontinuedClose 3【2020浙江卷】Ive been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don

20、always sits beside me in the passenger scat.One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the

21、tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence an

22、d disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Dons face, looking calmly back at me.Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇跡般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldnt see Don, but as I 50

23、the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldnt quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that nightI didnt want him thinking I wa

24、s angry with him.36AdroppedBspottedCcarriedDreturned37AkidsBfriendsCownerDmother38Aask aboutBplay withCtend toDrun into39AfreedBswitchedCreunitedDexamined40AunexpectedBdangerousCembarrassingDdifficult41AFortunatelyBGenerallyCImmediatelyDObviously42AlambBvehicleCseatDfence43AsawBstoppedCrememberedDdr

25、ove44AcrowdBmotorwayCfieldDhill45Atake offBcatch upChold backDget out46ArealBbestCbasicDlast47AfixedBnoticedCreachedDclosed48ArestingBrunningCparkingDturning49AsleepBlongCroughDbusy50AabandonedBapproachedCrecognizedDrepaired51AuncleanBuncertainCunhurtDunhappy52AarrivedBrepliedCsurvivedDwaited53Aabil

26、ityBdreamCluckDidea54AcommonBconfusingCdesirableDawful55AmealBtestCjobDlessonCloze4(2019新課標(biāo)卷II)Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers _41_about the small dog he had seen _42_ alongside the

27、 road. He had _43_ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had _44_.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that _45_ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove _46_. After a long and careful _47_. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving _48_ away. Ehlers eventually succe

28、eded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with _49_. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _50_ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a _51_ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa

29、to tell them he had _53_ their dog.Jeff had _54_ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched _55_ for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.

30、“Its good to know theres still someone out there who _56_ enough to go to that kind of _57_,”says Lisa of Ehlers rescue _58_.I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as _59_ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra m

31、ile.”41. A. readB. forgotC. thoughtD. heard42. A. fightingB. tremblingC. eatingD. sleeping43. A. triedB. agreedC. promisedD. regretted44. A. calmed downB. stood upC. rolled overD. run off45. A. injuredB. stolenC. lostD. rescued46. A. homeB. pastC. backD. on47. A. preparationB. explanationC. testD. s

32、earch48. A. cautiouslyB. casuallyC. skillfullyD. angrily49. A. surpriseB. joyC. hesitationD. anxiety50. A. predictedB. advertisedC. believedD. recorded51. A. houseB. phoneC. streetD. car52. A. calledB. copiedC. countedD. remembered53. A. fedB. adoptedC. foundD. cured54. A. huntedB. skiedC. livedD. w

33、orked55. A. on purposeB. on timeC. in turnD. in vain56. A. caresB. seesC. suffersD. learns57. A. placeB. troubleC. wasteD. extreme58. A. serviceB. planC. effortD. team59. A. equalB. allergicC. gratefulD. close60. A. suitableB. proudC. wiseD. wilingCloze5(2019北京卷)Regardless of the weather or the dist

34、ance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been _11_ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started _12_ his car to the young people. Wilson has _13_ am

35、astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous _14_ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who hes _15_ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and

36、a friend in Wilson. Some students _16_ call him “Grandpa”.Tina Stern _17_ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college and the trips meant much more to her than just free _18_. Its not just a ride；youre not just sitting there in _19_ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks y

37、ou questions and actually _20_ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, hell _21_ those things.Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the _22_ asks the members only to drive students to and from their

38、 classes, Wilson often goes _23_ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.Wilson is there to _24_ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed. If a student gets hungry on the lon

39、g drives to and from school, Wilson never _25_ to buy them a meal.For many students, Wilsons help is not only appreciated, its also entirely _26_ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students dont have a reliable car, while others have to _27_ vehicles with parents who work

40、six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has _28_ them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the _29_. “I just love driving and I love these kids, Wilson said. Its such a(n) _30_ to be a part of these kids lives, even just for a few hours, getting to

41、 know them and hearing their stories.11. A. linkingB. sendingC. offeringD. distributing12. A. donatingB. lendingC. deliveringD. volunteering13. A. pavedB. coveredC. measuredD. wandered14. A. argumentsB. interviewsC. negotiationsD. conversations15. A. metB. drivenC. addressedD. conversations16. A. ev

42、enB. everC. onceD. already17. A. earnedB. receivedC. assessedD. demanded18. A. transportationB. styleC. timeD. communication19. A. forcedB. awkwardC. ridiculousD. suspicious20. A. selectsB. recitesC. guessesD. remembers21. A. act onB. settle onC. check onD. agree on22. A. clubB. leagueC. collegeD. p

43、rogramme23. A. farB. aroundC. beyondD. forwards24. A. assistB. watchC. urgeD. warn25. A. expectsB. attemptsC. managesD. hesitates26. A. extraB. unusualC. necessaryD. adequate27. A. shareB. fuelC. repairD. exchange28. A. requiredB. allowedC. remindedD. convinced29. A. experienceB. arrangementC. appre

44、ciationD. employment30. A. effortB. ambitionC. privilegeD. convenience題組二（名校模擬題）Cloze 1 （2020屆湖北省武漢市高中畢業(yè)生五月質(zhì)量檢測）Last week, my grandfather was explaining his favorite words, “Nothing is ever easy. ” Yesterday, I happened to 21 a bee in the living room. I thought 22 the bee would take no more than fiv

45、e minutes. But an hour 23 , the bee remained there. All that had 24 was that the living room was in a mess and that I felt 25 and had to lie on the sofa to take a breath. I did not expect to 26 an hour on such a tiny 27 , but suddenly I understood what my grandfather meant. It is not only 28 that we

46、 tend to underestimate (低估) we have to bear other unexpected 29 . We often imagine everything can work in our 30 , but we seldom think of all the 31 things that could affect us. However, it is important to remember that your day or week or year might not 32 as planned, and that is completely 33 . It

47、 is absolutely acceptable to feel challenged 34 at a task you thought was 35 because that is part of life. If you can accept that nothing will ever be easy, then life might seem slightly more 36 . In middle school, I thought high school might be easier since I could choose the 37 I wanted to take. I

48、n high school, I thought college might be easier because I could have a schedule best suited for myself. 38 each time, I was both wrong and 39 . After accepting that school wouldnt (and shouldnt) be easy, I found myself with a more positive attitude and improved my 40 . 21. A. getB. noticeC. carryD.

49、 collect22. A. removingB. observingC. keepingD. chasing23. A. agoB. awayC. laterD. earlier24. A. changedB. happenedC. existedD. compensated25. A. unsafeB. uneasyC. dullD. dizzy26. A. passB. wasteC. spareD. last27. A. spaceB. roomC. insectD. pet28. A. importanceB. effortC. powerD. time29. A. costsB.

50、causesC. pressureD. burden30. A. mindB. turnC. viewD. favor31. A. strangeB. unpleasantC. naturalD. funny32. A. continueB. flyC. goD. come33. A. dangerousB. normalC. differentD. unfair34. A. usuallyB. evenC. thereforeD. instead35. A. simpleB. complexC. importantD. impossible36. A. valuableB. changeab

51、leC. manageableD. stable37. A. jobsB. stepsC. classesD. seats38. A. YetB. SoC. AgainD. Also39. A. selfishB. uncertainC. tiredD. disappointed40. A. appearanceB. responsibilityC. reputationD. performanceClose 2 （2020屆寧夏回族自治區(qū)銀川一中高三第三次模擬考試）When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Ham

52、pshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery (射箭), but for me, the most memorable 21 was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If youve ever 22 a mountain, you know its a physical challenge, 23 when youre carrying your food and shelter on your back. When camper

53、s got 24 , they certainly started complaining.“How much farther is it?”“I cant go any further.”“My 25 is too heavy. Can you carry it for me?”The reply of the 26 was, “Suck it up (不要再抱怨了).” The truth is that the complaining campers were 27 near the point of 28 . If they had been, the teachers would h

54、ave noticed the 29 and given them care. The kids simply werent used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they werent getting any sympathy they 30 the discomfort, and in most cases 31 having a great time. In my camp days, I dont 32 a single camper complaining at the 33 of the mountain.There

55、are two ways to deal with an 34 situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like youre getting that 35 energy out, but you are probably not going to cause a positive change. Its much more likely that your complaining will cause the 36 of those around

56、you. No one likes a complainer. Theyre 37 and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life 38 for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own 39 , to move past it and focus on a 40 , its my experience that youll realize it wasnt bad in the first place.21. A. experienceB. behaviourC. occasi

57、onD. situation22. A. seenB. reachedC. climbedD. described23. A. especiallyB. normallyC. obviouslyD. naturally24. A. ashamedB. tiredC. puzzledD. shocked25. A. foodB. waterC. shelterD. backpack26. A. parentsB. teachersC. guidesD. partners27. A. somewhereB. anywhereC. nowhereD. everywhere28. A. campB.

58、exhaustionC. mountainD. destination29. A. signsB. activitiesC. gesturesD. scenes30. A. sharedB. understoodC. sufferedD. overcame31. A. couldnt helpB. ended upC. insisted onD. gave up32. A. recallB. forgetC. disturbD. forgive33. A. footB. topC. backD. base34. A. unbelievableB. unexpectedC. unusualD.

59、unpleasant35. A. greatB. spareC. negativeD. potential36. A. dislikeB. respectC. sympathyD. enthusiasm37. A. amazingB. shockingC. worryingD. annoying38. A. poorerB. harderC. easierD. better39. A. lifeB. mindC. sufferingD. mistake40. A. tripB. planC. solutionD. dreamClose 3 （2020屆河南省濮陽市高三第二次模擬考試） More

60、 than anything else in the world, Jayden Hairston wanted to learn how to sing. 21 , his elementary school in Yonkers didnt 22 the music instruction he needed. So he begged his parents to sign him up for after-school lessons.His mother said, Ever since I could 23 , he has been singing and dancing for