動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的-教學設計【教學參考】

1、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)教案專題要點：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)要點概述如下：一般現(xiàn)在時表示習慣性、個人能力、普遍真理；表示“已經(jīng)列入日程 表”時常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來；2、表示說話人始料的事，常用一般過去時；3、時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中常用一般時表將來；4、Will/be going to do/be about to do 的用法區(qū)別；5、用主動形式表示被動意義常見的幾種情況；考綱要求：時態(tài)與語態(tài)一直是熱點，也是廣大考生復習備考的難點， 考綱要求考生應該具備較強的語言應用能力，能在具體語境中恰當、 準確地使用某一特定時態(tài)；同時還要熟

2、練運用特殊時態(tài)句式和用法以 及不用被動式但表示被動的動詞和短語。動詞時態(tài)的核心考點. 一般現(xiàn)在時考點分析(1)表示客觀事實或普遍真理(不受時態(tài)限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.(4)情態(tài)動詞， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等結

3、構 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。當句子的謂語為 say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：謂語動詞用被動 語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。用i作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用 主語從句來表示。People say he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.Paper was

4、 known to be made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first類似句 型有： It issaid/known/suggested/ believed/hoped/thought that.動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】.不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。(1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。(3)表示歸屬的動詞,如have, own, belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意圖”的動

5、詞，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。(5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動 語態(tài)。(6)賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞等，謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。.主動形式表被動意義。當feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容詞時；當 cut, read, sell, wear, write等帶狀語修飾語時；當動詞表示“開始、 結束、關、停、轉、啟動”等意義時。The fish smells good.This kind of cloth washes easily.These novels won， t s

6、ell well.My pen writes smoothly.The door won t lock.動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】(2)當 break out, take place, shut off, turn of, work out 等 動詞表示“發(fā)生、關閉、制定”等意思時。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turned off.(3)want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義。(4) be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。在“be+形容詞+todo”中，

7、不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用 主動代被動。This kind of water isn，t fit to drink.The girl isn，t easy to get along with.注意：be to blame (受譴責)，be to rent (出租)用主動形式表被動。.被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。be seated 坐著；be hidden 躲藏；be lost 迷路；be drunk 喝醉； be dressed 穿著.被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別。此處的系表結構指“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”結構，它與被 動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別： 被動語態(tài)強調動作；系

8、表結構表示主語的特點或狀態(tài)動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】The book was sold by a certain bookstore.（被動語態(tài)）The book is well sold.（系表結構）動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】表示現(xiàn)狀、性質、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)常或習 慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn) 在時： see, hear, smell, taste, feel,

9、 notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem 等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No. 1 Middle School在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意 由if引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shal或will表“意愿”，但不表 示時態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleasedo(5

10、)少數(shù)用于表示起止或轉移的動詞如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop 等常用一般現(xiàn)在時 代替將來時，表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當be表 示根據(jù)時間或事先安排肯定會出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。The shop closes at 11: 00 p. m. every dayoTomorrow is Wednesdayo動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】一般過去時考點分析一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表 示過去具體的時間狀語連用（或有上下文語境

11、暗示）用于表達過去的 習慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到想到或希望的事通常用過去式。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句 發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞仍用過去時。He told me he read an interesting novel last night.表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常山以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。 如： but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the mo

12、ment, the minute 等。He bought a watch but lost it.The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.常用一般過去時的句型。Why didn t you think of that?I didn t notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】I didn, t recognize him.一般將來時考點分析(1)表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)，常用wil

13、l/ shall-動詞原形，常與表示 將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow, next week等。We will have a meeting tomorrow.表示一種趨向或習慣動作。We 11 die without air or water(3)表示趨向行為的動詞如come, go, start, begin, leave等詞常用 進行時的形式表示將來時。The students are leaving on Sunday.(4) be going to do, will/shall do, be to do, be about to do 的用法及區(qū)別：be going to d

14、o表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或將來要做某事，這種打算往 往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準備；shall/will do表示未事先 考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。be going to表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will那么 能，表意愿。If it is fine, we 11 go fishing. V If it is fine, we are going to go fishing. X動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】be to do表按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、 禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3: 00 o cloc

15、k this afternoon.be about to do表示“即將，正要”，后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從 句。Autumn harvest is about to start.現(xiàn)在進行時考點分析(1)表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生 在講話時正在進行的動作；表近期特定的安排或計劃；g。, come等表 示移動的動詞可用進行時代替將來時；與always, often等頻度副詞 連用，表經(jīng)常反復的行動或某種感情色彩She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meet

16、ing Mr Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時。表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞：like, love, hate, care, remember,動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need 等。表存在狀態(tài)的動詞： appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to 等。表示行為結果的動詞：allow, accept, permi

17、t, promise, admit, complete 等。表示感官的動詞： see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look 等。.過去完成時考點分析(1)常用過去完成時的幾種情況。在 by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since 后接表 示過去某一時間的短語或從句的句子中。By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station.表示 未曾實

18、現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾 言等。常用had hoped planned/meant/intended/ thought/wanted/expected 等或用上述動 詞的過去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned. + to have done“時間名詞+ before”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時 間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去時。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago

19、.在 hardly/scarcely, when*, no sooner. . . than.句式中, 主句 常用過去完成時，表示”就。當hardly, scarcely, nosooner置于句首時，其后要用局部倒裝。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.在before或after引導的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時代替過 去完成時。After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.We a

20、rrived home before it snowed.過去將來時考點分析過去將來時表示從過去的觀點來預計以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀 態(tài)，這種時態(tài)常用于賓語從句中，主句常是一般過去時。He always said that he would study hard at that time.過去進行時考點分析過去進行時表示在過去某個時刻正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時考點分析動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一教學設計【教學參考】(1)現(xiàn)在完成時除可以和for, since引導的狀語連用外，還可以

21、和下 面的 介詞短 語連用：during/in/over the last (past) few years (months, weeks), in recent years, so far, up to now 等。 以下句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is ( has been) +一段時間+ since 從句This ( That/It) is the first (second. .) time that+現(xiàn)在完成時This ( That/It) is the best/ finest/most interesting+that+ 現(xiàn)在完成時在時間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替將來完成時。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Don t get off the bus until it has sto