Unit4Developingideas單詞用法趣味講解-高中英語外研版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

1、單詞課堂版本：新外研 單元：必修二 Unit 4 (Developing ideas)本單元詞匯梳理1. brief：詞塊：in brief = in short 派生詞：briefly2. turkey：15、16世紀(jì)的土耳其（Turkey）首都君士坦丁堡是連接歐亞的重要貿(mào)易樞紐，很多商人在那里銷售來自非洲的商品。有一種產(chǎn)自非洲的大型鳥類 “珍珠雞”，在土耳其被商人改稱為“土耳其雞”(Turkey cock) 銷往英國，這種鳥后來被英國人簡(jiǎn)稱為turkey。當(dāng)英國人來到美洲大陸殖民時(shí)，將當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N體型巨大的鳥類誤認(rèn)為是珍珠雞的一種，便將這種鳥稱為turkey。其實(shí)，這種鳥并不是非洲珍珠雞的同

2、類，而是北美特有的火雞，后來成為了北美感恩節(jié)的常見佳肴。3. storytelling：story + tell + -ing，聯(lián)系tell a story4. wonderland：wonder (n 奇跡) + land5. escape：詞源：在古代歐洲的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，被擊敗的戰(zhàn)士為了保命，往往會(huì)使出“金蟬脫殼”的招數(shù)，在被敵人抓住斗篷時(shí)脫掉斗篷而擺脫敵人，或在被敵人追趕時(shí)主動(dòng)脫掉斗篷，趁敵人去撿斗篷時(shí)趕緊逃掉。因?yàn)樵诠糯?，一件斗篷算是價(jià)值不菲的財(cái)產(chǎn)，有錢人才穿得起。escape (逃脫) 就與古人脫掉斗篷保命的做法有關(guān)。它來自拉丁語 excappare，由 ex- (out of 脫掉) +

3、 cappa (cape 斗篷) 構(gòu)成，字面意思就是“脫掉斗篷”。 一詞多義：基本義“從逃走” 詞塊：escape from, escape doing sth, narrowly escape 6. disappointed：disappoint (v 使失望) + -ed （分詞形容詞） 詞族：disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment 7. live up to：詞塊：(fail to) live up to ones expectation / promise / reputation8. extent：來自exten

4、d (伸出、延伸) 詞塊：to some extent9. original：詞源：來自origin (起源、發(fā)源) ，引申義“原創(chuàng)的” 詞塊：original creations 原創(chuàng)；同族詞：origin, original, originally10. fictional：fiction (n 小說) + -al11. awkward：同義詞 embarrassing difficult inconvenient12. behave：詞塊：behave as if / though, behave oneself；派生詞：behaviour13. normal：norm- (正規(guī) 、常規(guī)

5、) + -al (形容詞詞尾) 有規(guī)范的 正常的 派生詞：normally, abnormal (ab- 否定前綴) 詞塊：it is normal (for sb) to do sth, above / below normal, go back / return to normal14. responsibility：responsible + -ity 詞塊：take / have responsibility for = be responsible for, accept / shoulder responsibility, its ones responsibility to do

6、 sth15. absence：ab- (away 分離) + -sence- 存在 不在 同根詞：absent；反義詞：presence 詞塊：absence from school, in / during sbs absence, absence of mind escapebehave重難點(diǎn)詞精講一詞多義搭配義英語釋義搭配義搭配義responsibilitynormal辨析義形容詞動(dòng)詞化 名詞動(dòng)詞化 話題詞匯originalawkward一詞多義熟詞生義disappointed詞族e(cuò)scape你玩過密室脫逃 (Room Escape) 嗎？試想一下自己被困在一間門被鎖上的房間里，在規(guī)定

7、的時(shí)間內(nèi)，必須依靠各種細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理，再加上各種道具的配合才能把里面的每一扇門都打開，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)“逃”出去。是不是很有意思？這個(gè)游戲也恰恰說明了“escape”這個(gè)詞最核心的意義： (從) 逃走。escape詞源escape的基本義: (從) 逃走escape（逃脫）：脫掉身上的斗篷得以逃脫。在古代歐洲的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，被擊敗的戰(zhàn)士為了保命，往往會(huì)使出“金蟬脫殼”的招數(shù)，在被敵人抓住斗篷時(shí)脫掉斗篷而擺脫敵人，或在被敵人追趕時(shí)主動(dòng)脫掉斗篷，趁敵人去撿斗篷時(shí)趕緊逃掉。因?yàn)樵诠糯?，一件斗篷算是不菲的?cái)產(chǎn)，有錢人才穿得起。英語單詞 escape （逃脫）就跟古人脫掉斗篷保命的做法有關(guān)。它來自拉丁語 excappa

8、re ，由 ex- (out of 脫掉) + cappa (cape 斗篷) 構(gòu)成，字面意思就是“脫掉斗篷”。因此，英語單詞 escape 可以按以下方式記憶其拼寫： escape = es （= ex，out of 脫掉）+ cape （斗篷）。escape v vi 逃走；逃跑：The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way. vt & vi 逃避；擺脫：escape sbs attention / notice He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake.The s

9、outhern part of Yunnan is the best district ofChina to escape the cold winter. 人教新必修 3escape doing sth: You are lucky to escape being punished. vt 不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài) 被忘掉：She looks familiar, but her name escapes me (= I cant remember her name). vi (氣體、液體等) 泄漏：A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. 2

10、010 福建escape n C & U 逃跑；逃脫；逃避：make ones escapeHe had a narrow escape.For her, travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life. C 泄漏；出口：Can you smell an escape of gas?a fire escape (氣體、液體等) 泄漏escape 語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖氣體 / 液體從容器中“逃走” 從抽象的困境中“逃走”從被圍困的地方“逃走”逃避；擺脫逃走；逃跑從記憶中“逃走”被忘掉逃跑；逃脫；逃避泄漏；出口vn(從) 逃走（基本義）

11、小貼士電腦鍵盤上的“Esc鍵”你經(jīng)常用嗎？其實(shí)，Esc鍵就是英語escape的縮寫，這個(gè)按鍵也叫做escape key, 起到退出或取消的功能。想一想Esc鍵和“逃走”有什么聯(lián)系？disappointeddisappointed 由disappoint + -ed構(gòu)成，是分詞形容詞disappoint vt 使失望：disappoint sbs expectations Im sorry to disappoint you, but I cant come after all. disappointed adj 失望的；沮喪的：One by one, the applicants left t

12、he interviewers office with disappointed looks on their faces. 2013 山東 (be) disappointed at / about / with sth:She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service. (be) disappointed with / in sb:Im disappointed in you I really thought I could trust you! (be) disappointed to do sth:We were dee

13、ply / terribly disappointed to find the museum was closed. (be) disappointed + (that) 從句:My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didnt last a tiny bit longer. 2009 湖北 disappointing adj 令人失望的；令人掃興的：a disappointing exam result disappointment n U 失望；沮喪：She coul

14、dnt hide her disappointment when he didnt turn up. I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. 2018 天津 C 令人失望的人；令人掃興的事情：The performance was a big disappointment to us.詞族：disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment抽象名詞具體化看圖猜詞100%原創(chuàng)the original sheet 原文件the copi

15、ed ones復(fù)印件original creation 原創(chuàng)作品詞源義：“first in time, earliest”（最初的；最早的），來自origin（起源、發(fā)源），引申義“原創(chuàng)的”?；玖x是“最初的”。original 詞源解讀original adj 只用于名詞前 最初的；原先的 first; earliest (before any changes or developments)：Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building. 只用于名詞前 原創(chuàng)的；原作的：In a word,

16、 to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it. 新穎的；創(chuàng)新的；獨(dú)特的 new and interesting; different from others of its type：Thats not a very original suggestion.n C 原文；原作；原稿：the book in the original originality n U 獨(dú)創(chuàng)性；創(chuàng)造力original 語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“最初的”事物“最初的”作品最初的； 原先的原創(chuàng)的；原作的最初的（基本義）original“最初的”

17、見解、看法等新穎的；創(chuàng)新的；獨(dú)特的詞匯拓展originally adv 起初；原來：The store was originally quite small.Originally, we had planned a tour of Scotland, but we didnt go in the end.awkward adj 令人尷尬的；別扭的 embarrassing：an awkward silence 使用不便的；難以應(yīng)付的 (difficult)：an awkward machine ask an awkward question 不方便的 (inconvenient)：Please

18、 arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time. 緊張的；不舒適的 not relaxed or comfortable：She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone was watching her. awkwardly adv 尷尬地 Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 learning experience. I had never considered before how 40 awkward it would be to use one. A

19、s soon as I sat down, my 41 weight made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 locked. Then I wondered where to put my 43 feet. It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 place (2013年全國卷I完形填空)awkward 鏈接高考awkward的常見釋義是“尷尬的” 。但是在這道題目中，根據(jù)其語境，awkward意為“困難的”，其同義詞是difficult。這層釋義是我

20、們不太熟悉的釋義，表示“困難的”也很少想到用awkward。這個(gè)詞在高考完形填空中出現(xiàn)的頻率相當(dāng)高。an awkward gesture an awkward peasantan awkward instrumentan awkward situationan awkward customer an awkward momentawkward 語境活譯大挑戰(zhàn) 笨拙的姿勢(shì) 笨手笨腳的鄉(xiāng)下人 不好用的儀器棘手的情況不好對(duì)付的顧客尷尬的時(shí)刻behave媽媽經(jīng)常會(huì)跟孩子說“要乖乖的哦！” “乖乖的哦!” 這句話用英語怎么表達(dá)呢？Behave yourself! vi 表現(xiàn) to act in a pa

21、rticular way (act)： He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was / were an adult. vi & vt (使) 舉止規(guī)矩；(使) 表現(xiàn)得體 to act in a correct or appropriate way： badly- / well-behaved children behave oneself: Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves. 2011 浙江behave v基本語

22、義語義縮小behavio(u)r U 行為；舉止： I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places. 2012 福建書面表達(dá) C & U (物體等) 反應(yīng)；性能；行為方式；習(xí)性： Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.【溫故】B1U2人物珍妮古道爾(Jane Goodall)，是世界上擁有極高聲譽(yù)的動(dòng)物學(xué)家，致力于野生動(dòng)物的研究和保護(hù)。她在二十多歲時(shí)前往非洲的原始森林，為了觀察黑猩猩，度過了三十八年的野外生活。她奔走于世界各地，呼吁人們保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物、保護(hù)地球

23、的環(huán)境。 正常的；平常的 typical, usual or expected： normal working hours / a normal life it is normal (for sb) to do sth: Its normal for students to feel nervous before an exam. 智力正常的；精神健全的 反 abnormal： normal adjnormal nU 正常狀態(tài) / 水平 / 數(shù)量等：above / below normalgo back / return to normal ：The crisis has passed and

24、 life will go back to normal soon.同族詞：normal, abnormal, abnormally, normally 通常；平常 usually： We do not normally look into someones eyes for long. 正常地 反 abnormally： When were happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. 2008 湖南改normally advcommon側(cè)重表示普遍的、常見的。 Heart disease is one of

25、 the commonest causes of death.normal側(cè)重指正常的、平常的。 A normal working week is 40 hours.usual表示由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有變化而形成了一種習(xí)慣或制度，強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣性。 Ill meet you at the usual time.ordinary側(cè)重表示平常、平凡、無奇特之處，形容人時(shí)可與common通用。 Her paintings describe the lives of ordinary people in the last century.辨析common, normal, usual, ordinary友誼是一種甜

26、蜜的責(zé)任，絕不是一種機(jī)會(huì)。 紀(jì)伯倫紀(jì)哈紀(jì)伯倫（Kahlil Gibran, 1883 1931）黎巴嫩作家、詩人、畫家，阿拉伯文學(xué)的主要奠基人，20世紀(jì)阿拉伯新文學(xué)道路的開拓者之一，被稱為藝術(shù)天才、黎巴嫩文壇驕子。其主要作品有淚與笑(A Tear and a Smile)，先知(The Prophet)，沙與沫(Sand and Foam)等，紀(jì)伯倫、魯迅和泰戈?duì)柺墙鷸|方文學(xué)走向世界的先驅(qū)。 U & C 責(zé)任；職責(zé)： shoulder (a) responsibilityThe media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfull

27、y. It is our responsibility / We have a responsibility to protect the environment. OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up. You cant run away from / escape your responsibilities. 2012 江蘇改 U (對(duì)不良事件所負(fù)的) 責(zé)任：Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 2010 天津No one is wi

28、lling to accept responsibility for the accident.responsibility n responsible + -ityhave a responsibility for (doing) sth / to do sthaccept / assume / bear / shoulder / take responsibility for sthresponsibility falls on sbshare responsibilityavoid / escape responsibilitya big / heavy / huge responsib

29、ilityfull / total responsibilitycollective / shared responsibilitysocial responsibilitya sense of responsibilityresponsibility的搭配 說出下列句子中劃線單詞的漢語釋義及詞性。名詞動(dòng)詞化whipShe lashed（抽打）the horses with her long whip.He whipped the horse into a canter（慢跑）.鞭子（名詞）鞭打（動(dòng)詞）wheelHow do you make the wheels go around?She

30、wheeled her bicycle across the road.bikeMy dad bought a new bike yesterday. Today he bikes to work.自行車（名詞）騎自行車（動(dòng)詞）輪子（名詞）推有輪之物（動(dòng)詞）handleShe turned the handle and opened the door.The label on the box said: “Fragile. Handle with care.glueStick them on using a small amount of glue.Glue the two pieces of

31、 cardboard together.把手（名詞）（用手）拿（動(dòng)詞）膠水（名詞）（用膠水）粘（動(dòng)詞）表示工具類的名詞?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，表示具有該名詞的活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)或性質(zhì)特征的動(dòng)作。betterWe now have a much better understanding of the disease. The organisation was founded to better conditions for the disabled.說出下列句子中劃線單詞的漢語釋義及詞性。更好的（形容詞）改善（動(dòng)詞）形容詞動(dòng)詞化narrowThere was only a narrow gap between t

32、he bed and the wall.We need to try and narrow the health divide between rich and poor.狹窄的（形容詞）縮?。▌?dòng)詞）rightYou were right to do what you did.Weve made progress in righting the wrongs of the past.對(duì)的（形容詞）改正（動(dòng)詞）wetTry not to get your shoes wet.Wet your hair and apply the shampoo.濕的（形容詞）把打濕（動(dòng)詞）slowThe car

33、 was travelling at a very slow speed.Her breathing slowed and she fell asleep.慢的（形容詞）慢下來（動(dòng)詞）英語中有很多形容詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，常表示具有該形容詞意義的動(dòng)作。glad, happy, pleased;happiness, joy, pleasure, etc.描述情感的詞語高興驚奇悲傷滿意恐懼sad, unhappy;grief,sadness, etc.curious, shocked, surprised;curiosity, shock, surprise, etc.afraid, frightene

34、d, horrible, scared, terrible; fear, panic; frighten, scare;be scared to death, ud, satisfied; comfort, content, satisfaction; satisfy, etc.感動(dòng)angry, annoyed;anger; annoy, etc.moved, touched, etc.感激grateful,thankful; thank, etc.anxious, nervous, worried; pressure, stress, tension, worry, etc.憂

35、慮disappointed, disappointing, hopeless, etc.ashamed, sorry, etc.awkward / embarrassed,calm, confident, etc.憤怒失望遺憾其他本單元金句匯總1. You are lucky to escape being punished.2. He had a narrow escape.3. Im disappointed in you I really thought I could trust you! 4. He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he

36、was / were an adult. 5. Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves. 6. Its normal for students to feel nervous before an exam. 7. It is our responsibility / We have a responsibility to protect the environment.隨堂檢測(cè)一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. The air keeping the balloo

37、n up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down. _2. As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his own. _3. Escape from this window and return to the main menu. _4. The lids (蓋子) prevents the escape of poisonous gases._5. They went to Chengde to escape the summer heat. _escape

38、泄露逃避 / 躲 退出 泄露避暑二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. Time is something _ which we cant escape. (2008 江蘇)2. Compared with the _ (escape) driver, I am proud of what I did. (2014 湖北)3. He was lucky to escape _ (be) killed. 三、根據(jù)所給提示完成下列句子。1. He _ (逃脫) by climbing through the window and down the fire escape.2.

39、Although he thought he could _ (逃過注意) by sitting at the back, he was wrong. (2012 廣東)3. It was reported that two journalists _ (死里逃生) in the air attack. from escaped being escape attention / notice narrowly escaped death /had a narrow escape (from death) made his escape / escaped一、在空白處填入disappoint的正

40、確形式。1. The next day, we got a _ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. (2015 天津)2. Our facial expressions convey (表達(dá)) our emotions, such as anger, joy, or _. (2010 江西)3. She was very _ when she found that all the windows were plain and rather dirty. (2013 遼寧)二、根據(jù)所給提示完成下列句子。1. Be

41、ing the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but _ (讓我失望的是) we were defeated. (2018 天津)2. The people felt lonely and _ (對(duì)失望) their new life in the city. (2013 安徽)disappointed disappointing disappointment disappointed to my disappointment (were) disappointed with

42、original一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. The new rate is $199 per night, instead of the original $179. (2016 全國) _2. The moral of the original story is that a wicked (邪惡的) person cannot escape punishment. (2013 四川) _3. Shes a highly original young designer. _二、將下列句子譯成英語。1. 原畫作現(xiàn)收藏于這家博物館。_2. 我更喜歡讀它的原著。(original

43、n)_ 原來的原創(chuàng)的The original painting is now in the museum. Id prefer to read it in the original.有創(chuàng)意的寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。_ 1. She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone was watching her._ 2. Just stop being so awkward and help me push the car, will you!_ 3. I felt awkward, so I smiled at the guy.緊張的；不舒服的

44、不合作的尷尬的awkward一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. We live in a global village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way. (2012 安徽) _ 2. She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit. _ 3. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior. (2015 安徽) _ 4. I want you both