人教版人教 提升你的書面表達(dá)能力

1、提升你的書面表達(dá)能力（一）一.高考書面表達(dá)評分細(xì)則:1.分?jǐn)?shù)分布:第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)部分總分為25分,其中內(nèi)容和語言占23分,詞數(shù)占2分。2.評卷程序:先根據(jù)考生文章內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)確定其檔次得分，然后減去語言等錯(cuò)誤分，最后給分。詞數(shù)少于80或多于120的從總分中減去2分。3.各個(gè)檔次給分范圍和要求：第五檔（很好）： （21-25分）2021/8/7 星期六1完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。-覆蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。-應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。-語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡量使用較復(fù)雜或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較高的語言運(yùn)用能力。-有效地使用了語句間的連接成份，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第四檔

2、（好）： （16-20分）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。-雖漏掉1或2個(gè)次重點(diǎn),但覆蓋了所有主要內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。2021/8/7 星期六2-應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。-語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試使用較復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)所致。-應(yīng)用了簡單的語句間的連接成份，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第三檔（適當(dāng)）： （11-15分）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。-雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容,但覆蓋了所有主要內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。-應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。-有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤,但不影響理解。2021/8/7 星期六3-應(yīng)用了簡單的語句間的連接成份，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。整體而言，基本達(dá)到

3、了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第二檔（較差）： （6-10分）未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。-漏掉或未描述清楚一些內(nèi)容,寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容.-語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。-有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤,影響了對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。-較少使用語句間的連接成份，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。信息未能清楚地傳達(dá)給讀者。2021/8/7 星期六4第一檔（差）： （1-5分）未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。-明顯漏掉主要內(nèi)容,寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求。-語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。-較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤,影響了對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。-缺乏語句間的連接成份，內(nèi)容不連貫。信息未能傳達(dá)給讀者。0分:未能傳達(dá)給讀者任何信息；內(nèi)容太少

4、，無法判斷；所寫內(nèi)容與所要求的內(nèi)容無關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無法看清。2021/8/7 星期六54.語言錯(cuò)誤扣分原則:一律根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用時(shí)態(tài)。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)語言表達(dá)中每個(gè)大錯(cuò)扣1分，大錯(cuò)下劃“_”，下列錯(cuò)誤視為大錯(cuò)：主語和謂語的數(shù)不一致：e.g. There is some problems. （is應(yīng)為are）時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤:e.g. I spend this summer holiday in the countryside.（應(yīng)為spent）習(xí)慣用法或搭配等錯(cuò)誤：e.g. I can also go to boat（應(yīng)為go boating）.用詞或拼寫錯(cuò)誤,造成意義變化,影響交際:如將convenience

5、寫成convince,將vacation寫成vocation.關(guān)鍵詞詞類用錯(cuò)：如The air is pollution. 2021/8/7 星期六6 句子缺少主謂賓等必要成分：e.g. Trees green and birds singing.其他扣分為1-3分,由閱卷老師自己把握。如：行文不連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、整體水平不高（包括小錯(cuò)誤太多）而得分過高； 書寫差、字跡潦草、無法辨認(rèn)、影響交際； 詞后亂打點(diǎn)或通篇用“ ?！?； 與內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)無關(guān)的自由發(fā)揮部分的錯(cuò)誤由閱卷老師作總體扣分。二.高分三絕招1.絕招一：在用詞上下功夫高考書面表達(dá)在詞匯方面得高分的評分要求是：應(yīng)用了較多的詞匯；詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)

6、誤，但為2021/8/7 星期六7盡力使用較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力。所以要想得高分應(yīng)遵循以下個(gè)原則：、高級(jí)詞匯優(yōu)先原則：這里的高級(jí)詞匯是指比較晚所學(xué)的，相對復(fù)雜的詞匯。例如：1）“我很害怕”。一般說成Im very afraid. Im very frightened/ Im very scared.最后一種肯定是最好的。2）“他很聰明”?？烧f成He is clever/ bright/ wise.He is smart/ intelligent/ cute.用smart/ intelligent/ cute 當(dāng)然更好。3）這個(gè)房子在芳草街的一棟樓上。2021/8/7 星期六8T

7、he flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.要是用situates 代替is，即屬于高級(jí)詞匯。4）在周末我們要做很多作業(yè)。At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.假如用endless 而不用a lot of ,則屬于高級(jí)詞匯。5）洗澡間和廚房都很好。The bathroom and the kitchen are good.不如The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.2021/8/7 星期六92、短語優(yōu)先原則：考試寫作時(shí)，使用短語，有兩個(gè)好處；其一

8、：使文章增加亮點(diǎn)；其二可以湊詞數(shù)。比如“I cant bear it”.不如說“I can not put up with it”.“I want it”.不如說“I am looking forward to it”“英語在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪泻苤匾！闭f“English is very important in our daily life”。不如說“English plays an important part/role in our daily life”.2021/8/7 星期六10絕招二：在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上做到脫穎而出。高考書面表達(dá)在句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面得高分的評分要求是：應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，語法結(jié)

9、構(gòu)方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語言表達(dá)能力。1、一二三原則。為了使條理清楚，一般會(huì)使用first/second/third/last；firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally,但這里強(qiáng)烈推薦：to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(適用于四個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)2021/8/7 星期六11to start with, next, in addition ,finally(適用于四個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)on the one hand, on the other hand (適用于兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)for one thin

10、g, for another thing (適用于兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)2、多變句式原則1）改變句子結(jié)構(gòu),與眾不同。使用與別人不同的表達(dá)方式,特別是打破漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。唐山曾在二十世紀(jì)八十年代發(fā)生過一次大地震。A strong/big earthquake happened in Tangshan2021/8/7 星期六12in the 1980s.There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.不如用A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.你八

11、月十五的來信我今天早晨收到了.I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning. 不如用Your letter of August 15th reached/got to me this morning.2）改變句子語序，實(shí)現(xiàn)句子形式多樣化改變“主謂賓狀”語序，把一些成分如狀語提前置于句首，增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)能力。Eg2021/8/7 星期六13He got up very early to catch the bus.To catch the bus, he got up very early. The gir

12、l, hungry and thirsty, went back home. Hungry and thirsty, the girl went back home.I studied Chinese, English physics at school. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, English and physics.3）使用強(qiáng)勢句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句，感嘆句，倒裝句等增強(qiáng)語句表現(xiàn)力。eg.阿福救了我妹妹。Ah Fu saved my sister. It was Ah fu that saved my sist

13、er.2021/8/7 星期六14我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長勢喜人很是高興。 We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing wellHow glad we were to see crops ad vegetable growing well!4)多使用短語結(jié)構(gòu)簡化從句或合并短句,靈活運(yùn)用介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和同位語結(jié)構(gòu)等eg My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him.My brother was riding the bike with me si

14、tting on the seat behind him.2021/8/7 星期六15The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news. Hearing the bad news ,the young man couldnt help crying. Sun Shuwei is a boy of 14.He is a world champion in diving. Sun Shuwei, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14.As the weather was fine

15、, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.5)多使用主從復(fù)合句來代替簡單句，使行文更富文采。2021/8/7 星期六16We had to go home. All we could do was to go home.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxi

16、n Chinese School. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.6）注意詞句表達(dá)的變通性。注意用詞組用語代替一些單詞，使句子更地道.e.gA new railway is being built in my hometown.2021/8/7 星期六17A new railway is under construction in my hometown.要避免重復(fù)使用某一語句，以免使人感到單調(diào)和乏味e.g.I like reading whil

17、e she likes watching TV.I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV.7）改變句子形式，注意多變性。e.g.“一聽到這個(gè)消息他就臉色通紅”。He turned red as soon as/the moment/the instant/directly/immediately/instantly he heard the news.2021/8/7 星期六18 No sooner had he heard the news than he turned red.“我昨天到這里的”。I come here yeste

18、rday.I didnt come here until yesterday .Not until yesterday did I come here.It was not until yesterday that I came here.3、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則：既然是挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但并不是高不可攀，學(xué)生中的書面表達(dá)中，使用倒裝句，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句等的句子很少，如果你能使用這些句型和結(jié)構(gòu)，不得高分才怪。2021/8/7 星期六19絕招三:在語句間的連接上做到游刃有余。一篇文章，如果能更多準(zhǔn)確使用表示并列，遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞，便能充分展現(xiàn)你的文字功底，使文章增彩。我們看下面關(guān)于描寫水的

19、幾個(gè)句子組成的一段話：Water is one of the basic ingredients for life .Human or plant life would not be able to exist without this essential liquid .It is needed to hydrate, and clean not only our bodies but also the rest of the living world .2021/8/7 星期六20但是，如何將這幾個(gè)句子更好地連接起來，顯得更有文采，得到高分呢？我們在這三個(gè)句子前面分別加上這樣三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)椋篒t is generally understood that water is one of the basic ingredients for life .There is little evidence to support the fact that human or plant life would not be able to exist without this essential liquid.By this I mean it is needed to hydrate, and clean no