2017年考研英語一真題及解析

1、2017 年英語一試題及Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blandmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 pos)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resoundingyes!（1）helyou feel close and （2）to people you care about, it turns

2、outt hugs can bring a （3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Beveit or not, a warm embrace might even help you （4）getting sick this wer.In a recent study （5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived so receipt of hugs（

3、6）the participants susceptibility to develol support and the the commoncold after being（7）to the were less likely to come_（8）wi. People who perceived greater sol supportcold, and the researchers（9）t thestress-reducing effects of hugging （10）about 32 percent oft benefil effect.（11）among those who got

4、 a cold, the ones who felt greater so received more frequent hugs had less severe（12）.l support andHugging protects people who are under stress from the （13）risk for colds ts usually （14）with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychologyat Carnegie, Hugging is a marker ofimacy and help （15）

5、the feelingtothers are there to help（16）difficulty.Some experts（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called the bonding hormone（18）it promotesattaent in relationships, includingt betn mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarilyh

6、e central lowart of the brain, and some of it isreleasedo the bloodstream. But some of it _（19）he brain, where it （20）mood, behavior and physiology.1. ABesides BUnlikeCThroughoutDDespiteAequalAviewAavoidBrestricted Cconnected DinferiorBhost ClessonDchoiceCrecall DkeepBfetAcollectingAon BinBaffecting

7、 CguidingDinvolvingCatDofClost Dex Cdown DoutAdevoted BattractedAalongBacrossed9. AimaginedBdeniedCdoubtedDcalculated10.Aserved BrestoredCexplained Drequired11.AThusBStill CRatherDEven12.Adefeats Bsymptoms CerrorsDtests13.Ahighlighted Bincreased Ccontrolled Dminimized14.ApresentedBequipped Cassoted

8、DcomparedDrecord15.Aassess Bgenerate Cmoderate16. Ahe name ofBhe form ofChe face ofDhe way of17.Aattribute 18.Aunless 19.Aremains20.AexperienBcommit Bbecause BemergesBcombinesCtransfer Cthough CvanishesCjustifiesDreturn Duntil DdecreasesDinfluen1ABesidesBUnlikeCThroughoutDDespite【】A】根據(jù)本句句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，“it t

9、urns outt hugs”說明擁抱還有其他結(jié)果。因此，ABesides（除此之外）最為合適。前文的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該為“除此以外”，結(jié)合選2AequalBrestrictedCconnectedDinferior【】C【】本題實為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“hel可以判斷，由于空格處與前面內(nèi)容通過 and 連接，說明同義，并且要與后面介詞 to 連用。因此，通過對于四個選含義最為符合。you feel close and （2）”，要選擇一個單詞與 feel close含義判斷，C 選 有“關(guān)聯(lián)的”3AviewBhostClessonDchoice【】B】此題為固定搭配?！癮 host of”

10、表示大量的。其他選 搭配不合理。4AavoidBfetCrecallDkeep】A】根據(jù)題干信息“a warm embrace might even help you （4）getting sick this wer.”【中，出現(xiàn)“even”，表示“甚至”，說明此句話與上一句話存在遞進的邏輯關(guān)系。上一句話的語義表示“擁抱可以帶來大量的好處”，因此，這句話也應(yīng)該表示擁抱的好處。根據(jù)四個選含義，Aavoid（避免）Bf免生病”最符合文意。et（忘記）Crecall（回憶）Dkeep（保持），A 選避5AcollectingBaffectingCguidingDinvolving【】D】本題考查現(xiàn)在

11、分詞做后置定語，需要選擇一個現(xiàn)在分詞修飾前面的“study”，因此，結(jié)合四個選 Acollecting（收集）Baffecting（影響）Cguiding(引導(dǎo))Dinvolving（涉及、卷入），根據(jù)句子含義，應(yīng)該表達“關(guān)于涉及 400 人”的研究。因此正確選 應(yīng)為 D6AonBinCatDof【】A】本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)句義“examined the effects of perceived sol support and thereceipt of hugs（6）the participants”考查固定搭配“examined the effectson sth”因此，本題正確選 為 A

12、。7AdevotedBattractedClostDexed【】D】根據(jù)句義“common cold after being（7）to the.”“通常感冒是在。細菌之后發(fā)生的?！苯Y(jié)合選 含義 Adevoted（致力于）Battracted（吸引）Clost（丟失）Dexed(于)，D 選在細菌中”符合文意。8AalongBacrossCdownDout【】C】本題為固定搭配。Acome along with(和。相處的好)Bcome across with（償付）Ccome down with（得病，與 cold（感冒）搭配，C 選）Dcome out with（，提出），結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)后面

13、得感冒”搭配最為合理。9AimaginedBdeniedCdoubtedDcalculated【】D】本題為動詞與賓語從句搭配問題。根據(jù)原文“the researchers（9）t thestress-reducing effects of hugging（10）about 32 percent oft benefil effect.”動作的主語是“研究”，連接后面的賓語從句“擁抱減小壓力的作用”，并且有數(shù)據(jù)支撐。從選含義 Aimagined（想像）Bdenied（否認）Cdoubted（懷疑）Dcalculated（計算，推測）來看，賓語從句部分應(yīng)為研究計算推測出的結(jié)果。因此，選D 符合要求

14、。10AservedBrestoredCexplainedDrequired【】C】本題為動詞含義考查。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，“the stress-reducing effects of hugging （10）about 32 percent oft benefil effect.”本題同樣考查研究做出的研究結(jié)果，因此，結(jié)合選 含義Aserved（服務(wù)）Brestored（）Cexplained（解釋）Drequired（要求），C 選解釋”符合語境要求。11AThusBStillCRatherDEven【】D】本題為邏輯關(guān)系題。AThus（因此，表示因果關(guān)系）BStill（仍然，表示強調(diào)關(guān)系）C

15、Rather（相反，表示對比關(guān)系）DEven（甚至，表示遞進關(guān)系）根據(jù)文章上下文邏輯，下文是對上進一步說明，因此選擇遞進關(guān)系比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。D 為正確選12AdefeatsBsymptomsCerrorsDtests【】B】形容詞與名詞搭配問題。根據(jù)語境“the ones who felt greater sol support and receivedmore frequent hugs had less severe（12）”所選詞要與 severe合理搭配，再結(jié)合前文語境是關(guān)于對于擁抱實驗的結(jié)果。因此，Bsymptoms(癥狀)符合語境要求。正確選 為B。13AhighlightedB

16、increasedCcontrolledDminimized【】B】本題為形容詞修飾。根據(jù)原文Hugging protects people who are under stress from the（13）risk for coldsts usually （14）with stress,，需要選擇一個形容詞來修飾risk。在選 中，Ahighlighted（突出的）Bincreased（增加的）Ccontrolled（被控制的）Dminimized（最小的），對比選 含義，B“增加的風(fēng)險”更符合原文語境。14ApresentedBequippedCassotedDcompared【】C】此題

17、為固定搭配題。A 和B 選 不可以和 with 連接。Cassoted 可以和 with 連接，意為“與。有關(guān)聯(lián)”。Dcompared 和 with 連接表示“和。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本題正確選 為C.15AassessBgenerateCmoderateDrecord】B】此題考查動賓搭配。根據(jù)原文“Hugging is a marker of【imacy and help （15）the feeling”，需要選擇一個動詞能夠和后文的“the feeling”搭配。分析選 含義：Aassess（評估）Bgenerate（產(chǎn)生）Cmoderate（緩和）Drecord（the fee

18、ling”產(chǎn)生感覺搭配最為合理。因此正選為 B。），四個選 中，B“generate16A【he name ofB】Che form ofChe face ofDhe way of】此題為短語搭配題。分析選 含義A he name of（以為名）Bhe form of（以的形式）Che face of（面對）Dhe way of（以的方式），結(jié)合文章語境，”搭配最為合理。因此，正確選 為 C。應(yīng)為“面對17AattributeBcommitCtransferDreturn【】A】此題為固定搭配題。即：attribute sth to sth .因此正確選 為 A18AunlessBbecaus

19、eCthoughDuntil【】B】此題為邏輯關(guān)系題。選 含義 Aunless（除非）Bbecause（因為）Cthough（雖然）Duntil（直到。才）。結(jié)合原文語境，“often called the bonding hormone（18）it promotes attaent in relationships,”（經(jīng)常被稱之為“形成親密關(guān)系的”.它促進了關(guān)系的依賴。）從本句來看，前后文屬于因果邏輯關(guān)系。因此正確選 為B19AremainsBemergesCvanishesDdecreases【（】A】本題為動詞辨析。選 含義為 Aremains（仍然）Bemerges（出現(xiàn)）Cvani

20、shes）Ddecreases（減少）結(jié)合語境信息“But some of it （19）he brain, ”C和 D 選 跟文章含義相反。而 B 選 只表示一種動作。A 選 表示它仍然在大腦里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正確選 為A。where it （20）mood, behavior and physiology.20AexperienBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluen【】D】本題為動詞辨析。選 含義為 Aexperien（經(jīng)歷）Bcombines（結(jié)合）Cjustifies（替辯護，證明合理）Dinfluen（影響）。根據(jù)原文語境，“where it （20）moo

21、d, behavior and physiology.”能夠搭配后面并列的三個賓語“情緒、行為、和生理”，只有 D“影響”因此正確選 為D。Section Reading ComprehenPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 po Text 1s）two hours, now three hours this is how f

22、ar in advance authorities are mending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which te

23、rrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public supportfor the pros. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and privatelives, not to

24、mention infuriating.Last year, the Transporion Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret checktundercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airportsecurity nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combinedwith a rise in airline travel d

25、ue to the improving economy and low oil pri, haveresulted in long waits at major airportch as Chicagos OHareernational. It is notyet clear how much more effective airline security hasobvious.e but the lines arePart of the ie ist theernment did notipate the steep increase in airlinetravel, so the TSA

26、 is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the ie istairports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may bet morepeople are trying to ovack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, thoughthe airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could t

27、aket would not require reming airports orrushing to hire: Enroll more peoplehe PreCheck program. PreCheck iped to bea win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk

28、, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million peoplein PreCheck.Is not gotten anywhere close tot, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengersmust pay $85 every five years to pros their background checks. Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.more

29、reasonable level. But Congress should looking reforms might bring the price to aong so directly, by heltofinance PreCheck enrollment or to costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resour of the traveling public suffers in unneprogram work.o underused PreCheck lanes while mostsary lines.

30、 It is long past time to make the21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned toexplain Americans tolerance of current security checks.stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the nesity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.

31、 Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?New restrictions on carry-on bags.The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increasehe number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closetA quieter.eaning tochewider.faster.r

32、.24. One problem with the PreCheck program isa dramatic reduction of its scale.its wrongly-directed implemenion.C theernments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?Less Screening for More SafetyPreCheck a Belated

33、SolutionGetting Stuck in Security LinesUnderused PreCheck Lanes：21-25 ACDDC21.【A】explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.：本題目為例證題，論點與論據(jù)。根據(jù)題干the crash of Egypt AirFlight 804 定位到第二段第二句。例證題中的例子為論據(jù)，所要找的為論點，而論點在論據(jù)之前，因此該題目的是第二段的第一句話。二段首句說的是人愿意忍受長時間的安全檢查。正確A 的 Americans tolerance 是原文 America

34、nsare willing to tolerate 的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，current security checks 是原文的 time-consumingsecurity 的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾B 的 urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及 worldwide，屬于擴大范圍；選C 的 major U.S. major airports 屬于具體信息的干擾；選D 的 privacy 隱私并未提及，是性干擾。22.【C】An increasehe number of travelers.：本題目為原因細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的 long waits at ma

35、jor airports 定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的 resulted in 與題干中的 contributed to 是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，所以定位內(nèi)容就是的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正確C 的 an increasehenumber of travelers 是原文a rise in airline travel 的同義替換。干擾A 的 carry-onbags 是在第四段的最后一句出現(xiàn)的，非定位句內(nèi)容；選 B 的TSA efficiency 也出現(xiàn)在第四段；選D 的 unexpected secret checks 未提及。23.【D】faster.：本題目為詞義句意題，上下文邏輯關(guān)系。根

36、據(jù)題干，定位到第 5 段第 3句，“Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screeninglanes”，結(jié)合下一句中的這樣會 saving time for everyone involved，即可以節(jié)省時間的安檢，與選 對應(yīng)就是D faster 更快。干擾A 更安靜，選B 更便宜，選C 更廣泛，都無關(guān)，屬于性干擾。24.【D】an unreasonable price for enrollment.：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干problem with the PreCheck progra

37、m 定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第二句話 this price tag has been the PreChecks fatal flaw.本句中的代詞 this 代詞指代本段第一句話，說的是 Passengers 必須每五年 pay 85來做，enrollmentbackground checks。正確D 中的 unreasonable price 是原文的 85就是原文的 pros background checks。干擾A 其規(guī)模的極具下滑未提及，選C其錯誤的執(zhí)行屬于過度推理，選C不愿意支持是對原文的曲解。25.【C】Getting Stuck in Security Lines：本題目為全文主旨

38、題。全文的中心出現(xiàn)在第一段和二段首句的范圍。第一段介紹事實背景，第二段首句提及了人對于安全檢查方面的狀況，并在下文提及了所出現(xiàn)。正確C 安檢流程線陷入困境是對原文的總結(jié)概括。干擾A 的 Screening 是原文的具體細節(jié)，選 B 和選段的內(nèi)容。D 的PreCheck 是原文最后三Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed me

39、mbers ofHawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well wistronomy in Hawaii today.s haveerupted over construction of the Thirty Meterescope (TMT), a giant observatorytpromises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At ie is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped bysome

40、Hawaiians as the piko,t connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. ButMauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds mosterfulescopes. RestedhePacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere,where conditions allowescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Op

41、ition toescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group ofHawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronom

42、ers. In their eagerness tobuild biggerescopes, they fott science is not the only way of understanding theworld. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems orits holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living cultur

43、e undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find whats beyond the horizontbrought earlyPolynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls todisassemble allescopes

44、 on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore therealityt astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about whowe are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhapst is whyxplore thestarry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true anho

45、mes.tralThe astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. TheTMT site was chosen to minimize theescopes visibility around the island and to avoidarchaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number ofescopes on MaunaKea, old ones will be removed atof their lifetim

46、es and their sites returned to anatural se. There is no reason why everyone cannot beembrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.ed on Mauna Kea to26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astrono

47、my in ancienwaiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appretion of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toits geographical features.its protective surroundings.its religious implications.its existing infrastructur

48、e.28. The construction of the TMT is oped by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining theirellectual life.it reminds them of a humiliating history.their culture will lose a chance of revival.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5t progressodays astronomy

49、A is fulfilling the dreams of ancienwaiians.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofsevere criticism.passive acceptance.slight hesi

50、tancy.full approval.：26-30 BABCD26.【B】the importance of astronomy in ancienwaiian society.Queen Liliuokalani 的 remark 定位：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的到第一段的第一句，所 indicate 的內(nèi)容是在第一段的第二句話，意思是觀星者是在Hawaiian 社會中最受尊重的成員。正確選B 的 the importance of astronomy 是原文star watchers were among the most esteemed members 的總結(jié)概括，in anc

51、ienwaiiansociety 是原文的原詞出現(xiàn)。干擾A 的 historical role 屬于原文信息的曲解，選C的 regrettable decline 未提及，過度推理，選的觀星者。D 不是 in her time，是她評論 ancient27.【A】its geographical features.：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的大寫字母 Mauna Kea，以及idealastronomical site 定位到第二段But 后面的內(nèi)容。But 后面說 Mauna Kea 是世界上最有力量的望遠鏡 home。本題目問的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，這里提到 MaunaKea

52、的頂峰高于大部分的濃密大氣層。選A 中的geographical features 就是地質(zhì)特色的意思，屬于同義替換。干擾B 的受保護的周邊環(huán)境未提及，是性干擾；D 現(xiàn)有的選C 的暗示根據(jù)本段首句 worship 進行干擾，不在定位句里；選基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施未提及。28.【B】it reminds them of a humiliating history.：本題目屬于原因細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干the construction of theTMT 以及oped by some locals 定位到第四段第二句，這里提到 a painful reminder of theoccupation of what w

53、as once a sovereign nation，對曾經(jīng)主權(quán)國家遭占領(lǐng)的痛苦提醒。選B 中的 remind 是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，a humiliating history（令人的歷史）是對 the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同義轉(zhuǎn)化及總結(jié)概括。29.【C】may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.：本題目屬于細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第 5 段，progress in todaysastronomy 再第五段中沒有。此種情況下，考慮段落中心，即本段的段首，及轉(zhuǎn)這句。先看首句無，看

54、本句提到，或許那就是探索星際空間的原因，真正祖先的最原始回答。選 C 首先 may 是對原文好像會回答有關(guān)自己及as if 的解讀，uncover 同義替換 answer，the origin of Hawaiian culture 是原文 ourselvesand our true antral homes 的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾A 的 dreams 本段中沒有，干擾B的Hawaiian culture 本段有提及，但未屬于過度推斷。across the world，干擾D 的soften hostility30.【D】full approval：第一段第二句 Sadly, all is not

55、well wistronomy in Hawaii today.意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷現(xiàn)在的天文學(xué)不太妙。所以，對于現(xiàn)在夏威夷天文學(xué)不太妙的處境，作者用了一個 sadly 來形容，明明白白地表達了他的藍瘦香菇。而夏威夷現(xiàn)在不太妙的處境具體指什么？在下一句清楚地說明了s have erupted over construction ofthe Thirty Meterescope (TMT), a giant observatoryt promises to revolutionizehumanitys view of the cosmos 意思是要搞個巨牛的望遠鏡，居然不同意！所以兩句結(jié)合一

56、塊，作者的態(tài)度就明白了，他是支持建望遠鏡的。在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者態(tài)度的線索 There is no reason why everyone cannot beed onMauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.意思是說有人跑到你們那兒去，接受的文化遺產(chǎn)，去看星星看月亮，為毛不歡迎？咳咳，正經(jīng)點兒說，就是用了 no reason 和 cannot 雙重否定既強調(diào)又強調(diào)，還帶點兒不可置信地趕腳說夏威夷人應(yīng)該歡迎每一個到他們那兒去研究天文，并且欣賞他們的文化遺產(chǎn) cultural heritage

57、 的每一個人 everyone。具體到這篇文章，他們的文化遺產(chǎn)在第五段和第一段都有說，就是天文研究，而每一個人當(dāng)然應(yīng)該包括這些想建天文望遠鏡的人。所以作者的態(tài)度旗幟鮮明，就是全力支持。所以正確 是D。Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once saidt a countrys GDP measures “everything excepttwhich makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a resu

58、lt, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many arguet it is a flawed concept. It measures thingst do not matter and missesthingst do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy

59、of the Westernworld, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings aboutwhat it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to con

60、vert growtho well-beingsheds some light ont question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one ofthe poorest performers in ensuringt economic growth is translatedo meaningfulimprovements for its citizens. Rathern just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets ofcriteria from health, education