2023屆新高考英語備考復(fù)習(xí) 高考英語易混詞辨析歸納三(形容詞和副詞)

1、2023屆新高考英語備考復(fù)習(xí)高考英語?？家谆煨稳菰~、副詞歸納考題再現(xiàn)（完填節(jié)選）:to the sudden change of weather.The elderly need special care in winter, as they areA. sensitiveB. sensibleC. flexibleD. positiveprepared.例 2 I hope I will not be called on in class as Im not yetA.attentivelyB.readilyC.activelyD.adequately近義詞用法比擬1 .live,alive

2、,living,lively這四個詞都可用作形容詞，都與“活著”有關(guān)，但用法不同。live作定語活的，有生命的（主要用來描述動物），現(xiàn)場直播的；實況轉(zhuǎn)播的，現(xiàn)場演出的;alive作表語或后置定語有生命的，活的，還出著氣的；living活的，健在的，現(xiàn)在的，現(xiàn)代的;.lively活潑的，活躍的，充滿生氣的（-full of life and spirit）,用作定語或表語，既可指人，又可指物。如：Have you seen a live whale?你見過活的鯨魚嗎?She must be alive.她一定還活著。Her grandfather is still living at the a

3、ge of 93.她爺爺已 93 歲了,仍然健在。I feel everything here very lively.我覺得這兒的一切都富有生氣。There is live music in Bird Nest tonight.今晚在鳥巢有現(xiàn)場演奏的音樂。2.worth,worthy,worthwhile這三個詞用作形容詞時，都有“值得的的意思，但各自的用法或搭配關(guān)系不同。worth是一個只能作表語的形容詞，意為“值的”，相當(dāng)于價值的”，“值得的”，“有的價值的”。由于它類似介詞，后須接名詞或主動語態(tài)的動名詞（有被動的含義）作賓語;worthy可以作表語和定語。用作定語時，意為“有價值的”，

4、“值得尊敬的”，“應(yīng)受到賞識的“；用作表語時,意為值得的，應(yīng)得到的”,其后常接of sth .也可以接of doing sth./to dosth. worthwhile跟 worthy一樣，既可以作表語，也可以作定語。它表示某事因為重要、有趣或受益大而值得去花時間、 錢財或努力去做好它的意思，一般作“值得的”，“值得做的”，“有意義的解。用作表語時，后可以接 動名詞或動詞不定式。以口：The used car is still worth $200.Guangzhou is worthy of a visit/to be visited/of being visited.Helping ol

5、d people is a worthwhile activity. mon,usual,ordinary,generalcommon(=usual and ordinary; happening or found often and in many places)普通的) 常見的，常常發(fā)生的； 到處可見的；usual(= done, found, used or existing most of the time)經(jīng)常的，通常的，慣例的，習(xí)以為常的；強調(diào)時間 習(xí)慣方面；ordinary普通的，正常的；general 一般的，普通的，它與common比擬，語氣稍強，含有很少例外的意思。如：Th

6、is bird is common throughout Europe.This is the usual state of the house.It is an ordinary day.平凡的一天。Whats the general idea of this text?.alone 與 lonelyalone adv.單獨；單獨(by oneself; with no other people);僅僅；只有(=only);adj.單獨的(=apart from others) lonely adj.孤獨的；寂寞的(=sad because you are alone, with no fr

7、iends);adj.偏遠的；人跡罕至的(=far away from other pl aces) .如:When his wife died, he lived alone.She often felt lonely.I was alone, but I did not feel lonely.前兩個詞是副詞，詞形相近，容易記混。這兩個詞的意思差異很大。 abroad意為“在國外；而aboard的意思是“登（機），上（車、船等）“，與動詞go搭配表示“登機”等;- board常用來表示“登機，上船”，是動詞；broad為形容詞，意為“寬廣的”。如：I have decided to stu

8、dy abroad next year.It is time to go aboard.We are asked to board half an hour before departure time.He has very broad shoulders.6.late,lately,later,latter,latestjast -late表示“晚的,遲的；lately與recently同義,意為近來;later是形容詞或副詞late的比擬級形式，說明時間的先后，意為“較晚的/地，今后”等;latter意為“（兩者中）后者的“，與former前者的相對；Latest為形容詞“最新的；last

9、為形容詞“最后的”或動詞“持續(xù)如：He came back very late last night.Have you been to the cinema lately?They arrived at the station later than us.Mona and Jennie are sisters. The former is a teacher, the latter is a dancer.Watching news programs keeps us informed of the latest news at home and abroad.He is the last p

10、erson that I want to see.The violence lasted until dawn the next morning.asleep,sleeping,sleepyasleep是形容詞，可用作表語，亦可用作定語，但須后置，是“睡著”、“睡熟”的意思。sleeping是動詞 sleep的現(xiàn)在分詞，既可作定語，又可作表語。亦是動名詞，用作定語。I sleepy是形容詞，用作表語，是“瞌睡”、困乏的意思。如：He was asleep in the next room.Dont make any noises. He is sleeping.（現(xiàn)在分 3司）The chil

11、d was so sleepy; his head was nodding.economic 與 economical這兩個詞都是形容詞，都有“經(jīng)濟的的意惠，但含義有所不同。economic的含義與工商貿(mào)易等經(jīng)濟工作有關(guān)或者與經(jīng)濟學(xué)科有關(guān)，作經(jīng)濟（上）的“經(jīng)濟學(xué)的”解。economical 一般指在使用金錢、資源等方面不浪費，作*節(jié)約的，節(jié)儉的“解，可以指人，也可以指物。如:This has something to do with economic problems.His wife is very economical with money.foolish,silly,stupid這三個詞

12、都有“愚笨”之意，但含義不同。foolish用于人時，著重指“無頭腦，缺乏智慧或判斷力”；用于行為時，指“愚蠢或考慮不周到的舉動silly用于人時，一般指“頭腦簡單，不懂事用于言行，一般指“無聊肘stupid用于人或事時，著重指“生性遲鈍或反響遲鈍”，有時是中性詞。-概括來說，foolish相當(dāng)于漢語的“愚蠢”, silly相當(dāng)于“傻”, stupid相當(dāng)于“笨”。如：It would be a foolish thing to spend money on something you cant afford.How silly you are!I wish I had your brains

13、. Pm too stupid.valuable,valued,invaluable,valueless,precious前四個詞音、形有相近似之處，用作形容詞時，均可作定語或表語，但各自的詞義不同，用法也不完全一樣。valuable可以用作形容詞或名詞。用作形容詞時，指意見、幫助、信息、發(fā)現(xiàn)等被公認為是 “有價值的”、“有用的”、“珍貴的”,繪畫、珠寶等物件是“值錢的”、貴重的用作名詞時，常用復(fù) 數(shù)形式，表示“貴重物品”，尤指個人的小件物品、珠寶等。valued那么是由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞，含有被動的意味，作“受到尊重/重視的”、“經(jīng)估價的解。它還常常用來指某事物對個人來說是“很有價值的

14、”、“很受珍視的“。invaluable并非valuable的反義詞。它的意思是extremely valuable,意為“極有價值的“、“無法估價的“、“非常珍貴的”,其后常接tosb./sth.valueless是valuable的反義詞,作“不值錢的”、“無價值的無用的解。precious指“貴重的”，珍貴的指因稀罕或來之不易，或具有極大價值而非常值錢，有時也指一個人對某件物品特別喜愛。如:This is a valuable reference book.The friendship between the two peoples is long and highly valued.Y

15、our help was invaluable; we couldn!t have done the job without you.The necklace is completely valueless.That old toy bear is precious to John.false 與 wrong這兩同都有“錯誤的”之意，但用法有所不同。false意為“假的，錯誤的“，用于前一個意義時，表示所說的、想的等與實際情況相違，false含有冒 充、欺騙之嫌。wrong意為錯誤的，不正確的，或道義上不好的。同false的區(qū)別在于：wrong的意義較為簡明、直截 了當(dāng)，但無冒充、欺騙的含義。

16、如：He bore n false witness against his neighbor.He may be wrong in his opinions, but he is not false to his country in trying to impress them on others.historic 與 historical這兩個形容詞都與“歷史”有關(guān)，但含義不同。historic指“有歷史意義的“，“歷史上有名的”。historical那么表示“歷史的”，“有關(guān)歷史的“等意思。如:The conference is of historic significance.They

17、 are engaged in historical research.13.able,capable,competent rable為常用詞，指具有做某事所需的力量、技巧、知識與時間等，一般與效率無關(guān)，用作定語時表示能力超出平均水平。capable指滿足一般要求的能力，可以是表現(xiàn)出來的，也可以是潛在的，搭配是be capable of+doing, 用作定語時，表示的能力沒有able表示的能力強。I competent指“勝任的，“合格的”，或受過專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練的，但不是超群的能力。如：A cat is able to see in the dark.He is capable of run

18、ning a mile in a minute.A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.accurate,correct,exact,precise-accurate準(zhǔn)確的）精確的。correct正確的，指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)那么，含有“無錯誤的”意味，它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong.exact精確的，恰好的，比“大體上正確”更進一步，表“絲毫不差”，它的反義詞是inexact.precise強調(diào)“精確”，精密如：Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.This is

19、 a correct answer.That is the exact color I want.Can you check the precise meaning of the word?.actual,true,real,genuineactual意為“實際的”，現(xiàn)實的”，指所形容的事物在事實上已經(jīng)發(fā)生或存在，而不是僅在理論上可能發(fā)生或存在的。true真實的，指與實際相符，而非虛假，它還可以表示“忠實的”，真正的_real真實的，實在的，表示實際存在的意義，如實情、實況、實例、實物等。genuine真的，非冒充的，貨真價實的，強調(diào)正宗而非冒牌。如：The predicted result

20、and the actual result are very different.It was a true story.Thats not a real monster-its a man dressed up as one.This is a genuine diamond.adequate,enough,sufficient-adequate足夠的，指數(shù)量多，適合需要的數(shù)量。enough足夠的，指數(shù)量多，足夠滿足某種目的或愿望。sufficient同enough,?？苫Q使用。但sufficient指數(shù)量多，足夠滿足某種需要，在口語中常用enough,在書面語中常用sufficient,

21、在不易肯定時多用enough, enough可放在被修飾名詞后,且可作副詞，sufficient那么不可這么用。如:The supply is not adequate to the demand.We have enough chairs for everyone.$ 25 should be sufficient for a new pair of shoes.He makes sufficient money, but he says he never has money enough.childish 與 childlikechildish幼稚的，不成熟的，傻氣的，指成年人時，含有貶義

22、。Lchildlike孩子般的，天真的，是個褒義詞，多指具有兒童的可愛品性。如：Stop being childish!I like her childlike honesty.considerable 與 considerateconsiderable意為“相當(dāng)多的”，“可觀的。而considerate那么意為“考慮周到的”，“體諒的”。如：He met a considerable amount of trouble.It was considerate of you not to trouble us.consistent,constant9continual,continuouscon

23、sistent意為“一致的，符合的constant意為“不斷的”，表示持續(xù)和慣常的出現(xiàn)，往往沒有變化。_continual意為“頻頻的，不停的“，時斷時續(xù)，中間可有間歇。continuous意為“不斷延伸的，連續(xù)不斷的”，強調(diào)中間無間斷。或口：His action is always consistent with his words.He attributes his health to his constant exercise.Continual smoking is bad for health.Everything in the universe undergoes continuo

24、us development and change,.current 與 present均可表“現(xiàn)在”，“目前current強調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。present為常用詞,指現(xiàn)在正在通用的，在時間上比current的范圍更窄。如：This is a book about current English.Whats your present address?.effective 與 efficient均可表示“有效的”。effective常用以指物，強調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果;efficient效率高的，有能力的，用以指人或物，著重有效地利用時間、精力并取得預(yù)期的效果。如:I

25、s there any effective method?The German telephone system is highly efficient.frank,honest,sincere都與“坦率”有關(guān)。-frank直率的，坦白的，著重表達自己的情感和想法時沒有保存。honest老實的，正直的，指遵守正直等道德準(zhǔn)那么。sincere誠摯的，誠懇的，強調(diào)發(fā)自內(nèi)心的真心實意。如：To be frank with you, I do not know the answer myself.We want your honest opinion, not empty compliments.Pl

26、ease accept this gift as a token of my sincere bable,possible Jikelyprobable很可能的，大概的，語氣較possible強。possible強調(diào)客觀上可能，但常帶有“實際可能性很小的暗示。likely暗示從外表跡象來判斷“有可能的”。probable與possible兩詞只能用it作主語）而likely既可在it與that從句中使用，也可以用sb.作主語與不定式連用。如：It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.It*s

27、possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms.It is likely that he will come. =He is likely to come.respectable,respected,respectful,respectiverespectable可尊敬的）值得尊重的。respected表示受人尊敬的，可用于對年長的人，權(quán)威性的意見等。respectful指“充滿敬意的”，是主動性的尊重他人。respective表“各自分另|的“，修飾名詞時，名詞一般 用復(fù)數(shù)。如：His parents were poor but respectable.The students were very respectful towards the great man.They went back to their respective houses. tree