八大奇跡課件

1、The eight wonders of the world世界八大奇跡The hanging gardens of Babylon古巴比倫空中花園The Pharos of Alexandria亞歷山大燈塔The Colossus of Rhodes羅德港巨人雕像The Temple of Zeus at Olympia奧林匹亞宙斯神像The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus阿爾忒彌斯神廟The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus 摩索拉斯陵墓The Pyramids of Egypt埃及金字塔Emperor qinshihuang Terra Co

2、tta Warriors秦陵兵馬俑FIRST :The hanging gardens of Babylon古巴比倫空中花園建立時間:公元前604年至562年間。地點:伊拉克(Republic of Iraq)首都巴格達(dá)(Baghdad)以南56英里處 。由古巴比倫國王尼布甲尼撒二世為他最愛的王后而建造的。王后是米底人，尼布甲尼撒二世為她建造了這座奇幻的高大建筑以便使她可以經(jīng)常望鄉(xiāng)。空中花園上栽滿了許多奇花異草，并有完整的供水系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)時看到它的古希臘人稱之為世界奇跡 。The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, perhaps built by King Nebuchadn

3、ezzar II about 600 bc, were a mountainlike series of planted terraces. Ancient historians report that Babylon at that time was dazzling in the splendor of its palace and temple buildings, fortification walls, and paved processional ways. The Hanging Gardens consisted of several tiers of platform ter

4、races built upon arches and extending to a great height. Accounts of their height range from about 24 m (80 ft) to a less reliable estimate of more than 90 m (300 ft). Trees and colorful plants and flowers grew on the terraces, irrigated with water brought up from the Euphrates River. Archaeologists

5、 have discovered remains of walls along the Euphrates that may have belonged to the Hanging Gardens. The hanging gardens of Babylon古巴比倫空中花園SECOND :The Pharos of Alexandria亞歷山大燈塔The Pharos of Alexandria was an ancient lighthouse located on an island in the harbor of Alexandria, Egypt. The lighthouse,

6、 built about 280 bc during the reign of Ptolemy II, stood more than 134 m (440 ft) tallabout as high as a 40-story building. A fire was kept burning at its top to welcome sailors. Storms and an earthquake had damaged the lighthouse by 955 ad; an earthquake completely destroyed it during the 14th cen

7、tury.The Pharos of Alexandria亞歷山大燈塔世界公認(rèn)的古代八大奇觀有兩個在埃及，一個是名列八大奇跡之首的吉薩金字塔，另一個就是名列第七位的亞歷山大燈塔(The Lighthouse of Alexandria)。它不帶有任何宗教色彩，純粹為人民實際生活而建，亞歷山大燈塔的燭光在晚上照耀著整個亞歷山大港，保護(hù)著海上的船只，另外，它亦是當(dāng)時世上最高的建筑物。 亞歷山大燈塔的遺址在埃及亞歷山大城邊的法羅斯島上。公元前330年，不可一世的馬其頓國王亞歷山大大帝攻占了埃及，并在尼羅河三角洲西北端即地中海南岸，建立了一座以他名字命名的城市。這是一座戰(zhàn)略地位十分重要的城市，在以后的

8、100年間，它成了埃及的首都，是世界上最繁華的城市之一，而且也是整個地中海世界和中東地區(qū)最大最重要的一個國際轉(zhuǎn)運港。THIRED:The Colossus of Rhodes羅德港巨人雕像建造時間:公元前4世紀(jì)晚期，或2世紀(jì)早期。建造地點:愛琴海(Aegean Sea)，希臘羅德港。公元前的羅德島是重要的商務(wù)中心，它位于愛琴海和地中海的交界處，羅德港于公元前408年建成。歷史上羅德島曾經(jīng)被許多勢力統(tǒng)治過，其中包括摩索拉斯(他的陵墓也是八大奇跡之一)和亞歷山大大帝。但在亞歷山大大帝歸天之后，全島又陷入了長時間的戰(zhàn)爭。馬其頓侵略者德米特里帶領(lǐng)四萬軍隊(這已超過了整個島上的人口)包圍了港口。經(jīng)過艱苦

9、的戰(zhàn)爭，羅德島人擊敗了侵略者。為了慶祝這次勝利，他們決定用敵人遺棄的青銅兵器修建一座雕像。雕像修筑了十二年，它有110英尺高，也就是說，和大家熟知的紐約自由神像的高度差不多。雕像是中空的，里面用復(fù)雜的石頭和鐵的支柱加固。但這個偉大的雕像建成僅僅56年后就被強烈地震毀壞了。傳說中雕像兩腿分開站在港口上，船只是從腿中間過去(右圖為其假想圖)，但實際上雕像不是跨越在港口上。The Temple of Zeus at Olympia奧林匹亞宙斯神像宙斯(Zeus)希臘眾神之神，是奧林匹亞(Olympia)的主神。為表崇拜而興建的宙斯神像是當(dāng)世最大的室內(nèi)雕像，宙斯神像所在的宙斯神殿則是奧林匹克運動會的發(fā)

10、源地。拜占庭的菲羅撰寫記述世界七大奇跡說：“我們以其他六大奇跡為榮，而敬畏宙斯神像?！盕IFTH:The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus阿爾忒彌斯神廟建造時間：公元前550年建造地點：希臘城邦埃斐索斯，即土耳其西海岸。古希臘神話中的狩獵女神、月神，奧林匹斯主神之一，亦被視為野獸的保護(hù)神。阿爾忒彌斯為主神宙斯與暗夜女神勒托之女，阿波羅的孿生姊姐姐，生于阿斯特里島(提洛島)。相傳勒托在阿爾忒彌斯出生九天后又在阿爾忒彌斯的協(xié)助下生下阿波羅(Apollo)。The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus阿爾忒彌斯神廟The Temple of Artemis

11、 at Ephesus in Asia Minor, built after 356 bc, combined great size with elaborate ornamentation. Artemis, known as Diana to the Romans, was goddess of the hunt. An imposing temple in her honor was built in Ephesus in what is now Turkey in the 6th century bc and rebuilt after it burned in 356 bc. Arc

12、haeologists estimate that the temple measured 104 m (342 ft) in length and 50 m (164 ft) in width. Its 127 stone columns stood more than 18 m (60 ft) tall. The temple was destroyed by the Goths in ad 262. The Pyramids of Egypt were built on the west bank of the Nile River at Giza during the 4th Dyna

13、sty (about 2575 to about 2467 bc). The oldest of the seven wonders, the pyramids are the only one remaining nearly intact today. Their white stone facing was later removed for use as building material in Cairo. The largest of the pyramids is that of King Khufu, which is sometimes known as the Great

14、Pyramid. It covers an area of over 4.8 hectares (12 acres). According to the Greek historian Herodotus, ten years were required to prepare the site and 100,000 laborers worked thereafter for 20 years to complete the pyramid, which contains the kings tomb. Some lists include only the Great Pyramid, r

15、ather than all the pyramids (see Pyramids). The Pyramids of Egypt埃及金字塔EIGHTH:Emperor qinshihuang Terra Cotta Warriors秦陵兵馬俑中國歷史上首次完成中國統(tǒng)一的皇帝秦始皇的陵墓的陪葬坑，位于秦始皇陵陵園東側(cè)1500米處3。先在陪葬坑原址上建成的秦始皇陵兵馬俑博物館是中國最大的古代軍事博物館。它顯示出了大秦帝國的繁華和強盛。1961年，中華人民共和國國務(wù)院將秦始皇陵定為全國文物重點保護(hù)單位。對秦始皇陵園第一次全面的考古勘察始于1962年，考古人員繪制出了陵園第一張平面布局圖，經(jīng)探測，陵園范圍有56.25平方公里，相當(dāng)于近78個故宮，引起考古界轟動。1987年，秦始皇陵及兵馬俑坑被聯(lián)合國教科文組織批準(zhǔn)列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。1978年9月，法國