高三英語考試必考知識點概括講義

1、高三英語考試必考知識點概括高三英語考試必考知識點概括1look at a book?1. 表示閱讀性地“看書”(即讀書)，一般要用動詞 read。如：Dont read such books. 不要讀那樣的書。He is reading a book on Shakespeare. 他在看一本關(guān)于莎士比亞的書。但是，在許多情況下，“看書”只需用read 就夠了(尤其是泛泛地表示“看書”時)，無需后接book作賓語。如：In the evening I usually read. 晚上我常?？磿?。This light is too poor to read by. 這光線太暗不能看書。I rea

2、d much less now than I did at school. 我現(xiàn)在看書遠比我上學(xué)時少。2. 若不是表示閱讀性地“看書”，而只是大概地看一看，比如看看書的封面、定價、內(nèi)容提要等，或者回答問題時看看書的某些章節(jié)或字句等，或者是考試時悼詞楸鏡齲此時都不宜用動詞read, 可用look at, see 等。如：Can I look at those books? 我可以看看那些書嗎?Jim demanded to see my books. 吉姆要求看看我的書。Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 請不看書回

3、答我的問題。Students must not look at their books during examinations. 學(xué)生考試不準(zhǔn)舞弊?！酒縃appy Christmas?英語可說happy Christmas 嗎?請看這樣一道題：_ Christmas!Same _ you.A. Merry, as B. Merry, on C. Happy, as D. Happy, to此題應(yīng)選 D。容易誤選A，B。錯誤思維是：1. 可以說 Happy new year, 但必須說 Merry Christmas.2. the same as, the same.as 是固定搭配。關(guān)于第

4、2點，比較好解釋，因為(The) Same to you. 是口語慣用語，回答祝愿，其意為“也祝你”。而第1點搞錯的人就很多了，不少人都想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為不能像Happy New Year, Happy birthday那樣用Happy Christmas, 其實這是一種典型的想當(dāng)然錯誤，請看有關(guān)_詞書的實例。如：1. 大家熟悉的朗文當(dāng)代英語詞典(1987年版)就多處出現(xiàn) Happy Christmas 的用例。如：1)Happy Christmas. (p. 476，happy詞條)2)Happy Christmas. Same to you. (p. 925 same 詞條)2. 又如章振邦教授

5、主編的兩本英語語法著作。如：1)Happy Christmas. 新編英語語法教程(p. 459)2)A Happy Christmas to all. 新編英語語法(上冊p. 183)3. 再如英語學(xué)習(xí)雜志，1992年第7期p. 17的一段對話中，多次將 Happy Christmas 與 Merry Christmas 交替使用。4. 如果你是一個層次稍高的英語學(xué)習(xí)者，你可能會讀過楊豈深教授主編的英國文學(xué)選讀(Book 3)，如果你細(xì)心的話，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)該書 ANGLO-SAXON ATTITUDES 一文里，也在多次交替使用 Happy Christmas 和 Merry Christmas

6、。高三英語考試必考知識點概括2under age 未成年，未達到規(guī)定年齡He was rejected by the army because he was under age. 他因尚未成年而被拒絕參軍。You shouldnt sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age. 你不應(yīng)該把香煙賣給沒未成年的青少年。under arrest 被捕You are under arrest in the name of the law. 你被依法逮捕了。He was soon put placed under arrest. 他不久就被逮捕了。unde

7、r attack遭受攻擊The pany has e under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory. 因為決定要關(guān)閉工廠，公司受到猛烈攻擊。under consideration 在考慮中;在研究中The question is now under consideration. 這個問題正在考慮中。The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. 教育部正在研究這個方案。under construction 在建造中The new railway is

8、 under construction. 新鐵路正在修建當(dāng)中。The bridge is under construction. 這座橋正在建造中。There are two new hotels near here under construction. 附近正在興建兩家新的旅館。under control 在控制中They soon got the fire under control. 他們很快把火勢控制住。It took the teacher months to bring his class under control. 這個老師花了幾個月的時間才管住了他的班級。under cop

9、yright 享有版權(quán)The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it. 該詩仍然享有版權(quán)，因此你必須支付引用費。under cover 在隱蔽處;秘密地;在信封或郵包中Plans for the attack were made under cover. 進攻計劃是秘密制定的。The check came under cover in yesterdays mail. 支票是裝在信封里和昨天的信一道寄來的。under discussion 在討論中;在審議中That has no relation to the

10、 matter under discussion. 那與正在討論的事無關(guān)。Thats another topic that will e under discussion. 那是另一個要討論的問題。under examination 在檢查中;在審查中The prisoner was still under examination. 囚犯仍受審。The proposals are still under examination. 提案仍在審查中。under fire 在炮火中;被攻擊中We were under fire from all sides. 我們遭到了來自四面八方的射擊。The h

11、eadmaster was under fire for not sending the boys home who stole the car. 校長由于沒有開除那幾個偷汽車的學(xué)生，受到責(zé)難。under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi)Its still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it. 保證書還有效，所以廠家會給修理的。The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 汽車還在保修期內(nèi)，所以

12、你應(yīng)該可以免費修理。under oath 在法庭上宣過誓要說實話The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath. 那法官提醒證人他已宣誓不作偽證。under obligation 有義務(wù);一定要The one who did the damage in under obligation to pay for it. 造成損失的人有義務(wù)賠償?！咀ⅰ吭诂F(xiàn)代英語中通常用under an no obligation的形式：Youre under no obligation to pay for goods which you di

13、d not order. 沒有訂購的貨物就無須付款。Shes under an obligation to him because he lent her money. 因為他把錢錯給她了，所以她有償還他的義務(wù)。高三英語考試必考知識點概括3一、就近一致原則1.由or，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.，not.but.等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to c

14、hange his mind.2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個句子而主語又不止一個時，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.二、意義一致原則1.謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)的情況(1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語時，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。Politics is his favorite subject.(2)表示某些組織機構(gòu)的名詞、書/報名、國名、地名等作主語時，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)

15、。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?2.謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，public，cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are searching for the murderer.3.謂語動詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定(1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，pany，government，population等作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強調(diào)整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中

16、各個組成部分，強調(diào)個體概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.(2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.三、語法一致原則1.由and連接的兩個名詞作主語(1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個人(雙重身份)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.(2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.(3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個人，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.(4)通常由兩個部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Bread and butter