英國(guó)教育體系英文

1、Chapter 5 The British Educational System英國(guó)教育體系英文第1頁(yè)School TodayPre-primary SchoolsPrimary SchoolsSecondary SchoolsUniversity / College 英國(guó)教育體系英文第2頁(yè)P(yáng)re-Primary SchoolsPre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools (many

2、 are private). The emphasis is on group work, creative activity and guided play. 英國(guó)教育體系英文第3頁(yè)1.State Schools (公立學(xué)校): 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16)State Primary School Comprehensive School (84%), Grammar School (3%) or Secondary Modern School (7%)2.Public Schools/ Independent Schools (獨(dú)立學(xué)校/公學(xué)):P

3、rep School Public (Independent) School (7%)Two Systems of primary and secondary education in Britain:英國(guó)教育體系英文第4頁(yè)英國(guó)教育體系英文第5頁(yè)Question: What are the main differences between the two?State schoolsPublic schoolsSchool FundingState funding from central government; Supplemented by local financeTuition fees

4、; Endowments (捐贈(zèng)) or donations from society (esp. alumni to their alma maters)Attendance93%7%Teaching Staff and FacilitiesPublic schools have better teaching staff & facilities.GraduatesStudents from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancell

5、ors of Exchequers, etc.英國(guó)教育體系英文第6頁(yè)P(yáng)rimary PhaseCompulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland.Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants Schools = First Schools (for 2 years from 5)Junior Schools (for 4 year

6、s to 11)Theres little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years. Prep Schools (預(yù)備學(xué)校) (from 7/8 to 13) (separate; fees; entrance exam )英國(guó)教育體系英文第7頁(yè)Secondary SchoolsState Schools (93%) 1. Comprehensive Schools (84%) (No entrance exam, general educat

7、ion) 2. Grammar Schools (“the 11plus” examination, preparing pupils with academic potential for higher education)(3%) 3. Secondary Modern Schools (7%)Public Schools = Independent Schools (7%)英國(guó)教育體系英文第8頁(yè)The National CurriculumEnglish Design & Technology Geography Mathematics Information Technology Mu

8、sic Science Art Physical Education History Modern Foreign Language英國(guó)教育體系英文第9頁(yè)Exams Compulsory education ends at age 16. At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year cour

9、se, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job.Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (General National Vocational Qualification).英國(guó)教育體系英文第10頁(yè)P(yáng)ublic Schools In the UK private schools are confusingly called publi

10、c schools! Only enroll pupils from prep schools.High tuition fees + large quantity of social endowments = affording smaller classes + better faculty (with nice salaries)Mainly single-sex rather than co-ed schools.Boarding schools. Question: Who are attending such schools? 英國(guó)教育體系英文第11頁(yè)The students ar

11、e largely from aristocratic (貴族) and upper class families.Despite the high fees they account for around 7% of the total school population.BUT opponents voice doubts: Its socially divisive and breeds elitism; they are offering more promising opportunities to 7% of British children, but its unfair for

12、 the remaining 93%! 英國(guó)教育體系英文第12頁(yè)The Most Well-known Public Schools:Eton College (1440 by King Henry VI)Harrow School (1571) (Byron, Churchill) (for Boys only)Winchester College (1394)Rugby School (1567) (Rugby was first played here.) To send a boy to a leading public school costs1200 to , even 3500

13、a term.英國(guó)教育體系英文第13頁(yè)Eton CollegeFor boys ONLY!Its students are from noble and upper class families. (Prince Charles, William & Harry)So far, about 20 PMs were educated at Eton.The school fee includes tuition, board & lodging, laundry, personal accident insurance, and the cost of most activities.How m

14、uch is the tuition at Eton? An annual fee of about 16,000.英國(guó)教育體系英文第14頁(yè)Eton CollegeEton Pupilswith the tutor英國(guó)教育體系英文第15頁(yè)Higher EducationAll British universities are self-governing and fee-charging. They receive financial aid through the University Grants Committee from the government.Over 42% of pupi

15、ls become university students on leaving school at 18.110 universities in UK (93 in England, 13 in Scotland, 2 in Wales and 2 in N. Ireland) 3 categories: old universities, redbrick universities (1850-1930), new universities (WWII- present). 英國(guó)教育體系英文第16頁(yè)Entrance ProceduresIn the third term of Year 1

16、2, students prepare their applications to university. Applications are then made in the first term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service大學(xué)院校入學(xué)委員會(huì) ).Students can apply to a maximum of 6 universities/institutions.Admission selec

17、tion on basis of A level results & an interview. 英國(guó)教育體系英文第17頁(yè)Fee-charging (on the average: 1200-3000) DegreesBA / BSc 3 years full-timeMA / MSc 1 year full-time / 2 years part-timePhD at least 3 years original researchBA: Bachelor of Arts (文學(xué)學(xué)士)BSc: Bachelor of Science (理學(xué)學(xué)士)BS: 同上英國(guó)教育體系英文第18頁(yè)Indepe

18、ndent workStudents are supposed to investigate a topic in detail and develop their own views about it. (off-campus research)This usually involves working individually or in a small group with other students to research a topic.Produce written work or make presentation for a seminar. 英國(guó)教育體系英文第19頁(yè)Cour

19、sework 課程論文年作業(yè)This may include essays, reports, projects, presentations or reflections. Coursework is assessed and given grades.Assessment: a combination of methodsQuestion: Is the written exam a must for course assessment? NOT necessarily! Take Marketing Management for example, coursework 65% (grou

20、p presentation 20% + individual reflection 20% + business plan 25%) + written exam 35%英國(guó)教育體系英文第20頁(yè)P(yáng)lagiarism 剽竊Plagiarism means presenting other peoples work as ones own without acknowledging the source or referencing.Cheating or plagiarism can result in students not being allowed to graduate. Advic

21、e is normally given by your professors on an acceptable way and amount of referencing. (footnote / bibliography)英國(guó)教育體系英文第21頁(yè)CambridgeCambridge University was founded in 1209 by students fleeing from Oxford after one of the many episodes of violence between the university and the town of Oxford.英國(guó)教育體系英文第22頁(yè)英國(guó)教育體系英文第23頁(yè)Famous StudentsJohn MiltonCharles DarwinPrince Charles英國(guó)教育體系英文第24頁(yè)Oxford University英國(guó)教育體系英文第25頁(yè)英國(guó)教育體系英文第26頁(yè)Famous StudentsOscar WildeSamuel JohnsonBill ClintonTony BlairMargaret Thatcher英國(guó)教育體系英文第27頁(yè)OxfordLegend has it that Oxford University was founded by King Alfred i