1999年翻譯真題精解版

1、 3/31999年翻譯真題精解版 1999年翻譯真題精解版 71While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句while引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)讓步狀語從句，翻譯成“雖然，盡管”，狀語從句里用了asas(與一樣)這

2、個(gè)詞組，主句的主語是most practice，謂語是動(dòng)詞短語conform to(符合)，賓語是代詞one，指代前面的名詞definition，that引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語從句，修飾前面的one。定語從句里用了動(dòng)詞短語seeas(把看作是)，因此后面的attempt應(yīng)該是個(gè)名詞，后面又接了兩個(gè)不定式做其后置定語。核心詞匯：While(雖然，盡管；當(dāng)時(shí)候；而)；asas(與一樣)；conform to(服從，遵守)；modern practice(現(xiàn)代實(shí)踐)；seeas(把看作是)；recreate(再現(xiàn)，重現(xiàn))參考譯文：幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對歷史都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代歷史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)同這樣一個(gè)

3、定義，即把歷史學(xué)看作是試圖對過去重大事件的重現(xiàn)和解釋。測試點(diǎn)：while讓步狀語從句；one指代關(guān)系；定語從句；動(dòng)詞短語72Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句主語是Interest in historical methods，謂語是has

4、 arisen，后面接了兩個(gè)并列的介詞through和from，考慮到并列結(jié)構(gòu)詞義對等，所以這兩個(gè)介詞的翻譯可以考慮翻譯成一個(gè)意思。第一個(gè)介詞through后面是個(gè)很長的名詞短語，核心名詞是challenge，其后又接了幾個(gè)介詞分別做后置定語，to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline，第二個(gè)介詞from后面也接了一個(gè)名詞短語internal quarrels among historians themselves.核心詞匯：Interest in historical methods 對歷史方法的關(guān)注(興趣) ；arise

5、n 來自于，產(chǎn)生于；challenge質(zhì)疑，挑戰(zhàn)；validity 真實(shí)性，正確性；as an intellectual discipline作為一門知識(shí)學(xué)問(一個(gè)知識(shí)學(xué)科) ；internal quarrels 內(nèi)部意見不統(tǒng)一，內(nèi)部分歧。參考譯文1：人們對歷史研究方法產(chǎn)生興趣，這與其說是因?yàn)橥饨鐚v史作為一門知識(shí)學(xué)科的有效性提出了挑戰(zhàn)，還不與說歷史學(xué)家內(nèi)部發(fā)生了爭吵。參考譯文2：人們之所以對歷史研究的方法產(chǎn)生興趣，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)問。測試點(diǎn)：介詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)；名詞的后置定語73During this transfer, traditional hi

6、storical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是 個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡單句：methods were augmented by 。最前面的介詞短語during this transfer是個(gè)獨(dú)立成份，介詞by后面的賓語是additional methodologies，其后又接了一個(gè)過去分詞做后置定語，介詞短語in the historical study修飾前面

7、的名詞new forms of evidence。 核心詞匯：transfer 轉(zhuǎn)變；augmented 充實(shí)，補(bǔ)充；additional methodologies 新方法； designed to用來；interpret 闡釋，解釋，說明；the new forms of evidence 新的證據(jù)形式，根據(jù)上下文意思引申為在歷史學(xué)研究中的新史料；in the historical study 在歷史研究中。參考譯文：在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中，那些在歷史研究中用來解釋新史料的新方法充實(shí)了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。測試點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)翻譯成主動(dòng)；名詞后接過去分詞做后置定語74There is no agreement

8、 whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句可以拆分為三段：There is no agreement / whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general / or to

9、the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 由此看出該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是存在句There is no agreement，因?yàn)橹髡Z部分太長，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該采用順序倒譯方法。whether methodology refers to .or to .是主語agreement的同位語。在這個(gè)同位語里用了兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞謂語refers to和or (refers) to，賓語是the concepts，其后面的形容詞短語peculiar to historical work in gen

10、eral是它的定語；第二個(gè)賓語是the research techniques，其后面的形容詞短語appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry也是作它的定語。核心詞匯：agreement 統(tǒng)一的意見，一致看法；whether.refers to. or to. 是指還是指；the concepts/peculiar to/historical work/in general (按后置定語的順序倒譯)一般的歷史研究中的特有概念；the research techniques 研究手段；appropriate to 適用于，合適

11、于；the various branches 各個(gè)領(lǐng)域；historical inquiry 歷史探究參考譯文：方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域所使用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。測試點(diǎn)：主語從句；動(dòng)詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)和詞組省略；名詞后接形容詞做后置定語75It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equ

12、ate their activity with specific techniques.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句結(jié)構(gòu)拆分為三段：It applies equally to traditional historians / who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, / and to social science historians who equate their activity with specif ic techniques. 由此可以看出其主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：It applies equally t

13、o., and to .直譯為：這既適應(yīng)于又適應(yīng)于，引申為這既存在于又存在于。第一個(gè)介詞to的賓語是traditional historians，其后又接了一個(gè)定語從句who view history as.，第二個(gè)并列介詞to之前省略了與之相同的動(dòng)詞短語的applies equally，其后的賓語是social science historians，后面又接了定語從句who equate their activity with specific techniques。在兩個(gè)并列的定語從句里的動(dòng)詞短語viewas和equatewith應(yīng)該依據(jù)平行結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)詞義相等的方法，而把這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞翻譯成相同的意思。 核心詞匯：It是個(gè)人稱代詞，指代前面提到的這種謬論；traditional historians 傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家，歷史傳統(tǒng)派；view history as 把歷史看作是；sources 源泉，引申為史料來源；social science histo