英語一語法英語句子成分市公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、英語句子概論第1頁第1頁英語句子概論 基本成份 附屬成份 獨(dú)立成份 省略成份 連接成份 簡樸句 并列句 復(fù)合句第2頁第2頁 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 （ S + Vi ） 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 ( S + Vt + O) 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表 (S + V + predicative) 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主語 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)簡樸句五種基本句型主語、動(dòng)詞（不及物動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞、雙賓動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞)、賓語及補(bǔ)語能夠稱為基本句子成份。完整句子普通至少包括2個(gè)基本成份，至多4個(gè)基本成份。第3頁

2、第3頁nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補(bǔ)表語賓語(直)賓語(間)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitive英語句子基本成分示意圖be / feel / seem / lookappear（看來似乎）become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj

3、. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.第4頁第4頁主語 不及物動(dòng)詞She came/ My head aches.主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語She likes English.主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語She is happy主語 雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語 直接賓語She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.簡樸句基本句型實(shí)例第5頁第5頁附屬成份基本成份修飾語。能夠

4、是： 定語：即用來修飾名詞單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外詞單詞、短語或從句。定 語Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.第6頁第6頁Joh

5、n likes oranges very muchAs he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.狀 語第7頁第7頁Examples:Oh！What is that?。@嘆詞）Come here，John（呼語）句中能夠去掉成份，去掉后不影響句子完整性。這種成份和句子其它詞沒有語法關(guān)系。獨(dú)立成份第8頁第8頁（You） C

6、ome here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略成份，即使未說出來，卻在句中表示一定意思：省略成份第9頁第9頁連接成份事實(shí)上是一個(gè)連詞，用來連接兩個(gè)或幾種平行詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞。另一類連接成份是用來連接兩個(gè)句子、且一個(gè)句子從屬于另一個(gè)句子（即從句）連詞。這類連

7、詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個(gè)完整句子（主句或從句）必須包括2個(gè)到4個(gè)基本成份，另外，假如意思上有需要，還可包括一個(gè)或更多其它句子成份。連接成份第10頁第10頁簡單句簡樸句只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中一個(gè)。 作一個(gè)陳說 提出一個(gè)問題 發(fā)出一個(gè)命令或請求 表示一個(gè)感慨Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Do

8、es the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a heavy rain this is!第11頁第11頁簡樸句基本詞序主語動(dòng)詞部分賓語 狀語（謂語） 方式地點(diǎn)時(shí)間Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove hi

9、m away in a police car.第12頁第12頁簡樸句擴(kuò)展成份簡樸句主語、賓語能夠加上一個(gè)短語（如定語）來擴(kuò)展，及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞也能夠與其它短語（如狀語）連用進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。The dog jumped through the window.A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.The young girl wi

10、th long black hair seems to be very happy.第13頁第13頁兩個(gè)簡樸句主語能夠連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接構(gòu)成一個(gè)簡樸句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動(dòng)詞一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to P

11、aris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to NewYork. His secretary isnt f

12、lying to NewYork. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to NewYork.主語、謂語、賓語合并第14頁第14頁兩個(gè)簡樸句賓語可由and、bothand等連詞連接構(gòu)成一個(gè)簡樸句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husban

13、d.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡樸句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang and danced all night.主語、謂語、賓語合并第15頁第15頁并列句需把幾種意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)或把兩個(gè)或幾種簡樸句用并列連詞連接起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。用分號(hào)：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分號(hào)，后跟一個(gè)連接副詞：We

14、 fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.第16頁第16頁并列句慣用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor

15、第17頁第17頁并列句并列句詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡樸句詞序。主語 謂語 賓語 連詞 主語 動(dòng)詞 表語Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五種簡樸句型可用并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成并列句。 主 謂 狀（方式） 連 主 謂 表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主 謂 賓 連 主 謂 地點(diǎn)I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) 連 主 謂 賓They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increas

16、e his salary.第18頁第18頁Exercise:請用適當(dāng)并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers sk

17、irt, for he was afraid of the dog.第19頁第19頁由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上從句所構(gòu)成句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個(gè)完整句子,它能夠獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個(gè)不完整句子,它必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在。復(fù)合句能夠通過把兩個(gè)以上簡樸句連接在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句各構(gòu)成部份并非同等主要，其中一個(gè)句子由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復(fù)合句 = 主句 + 從句復(fù)合句第20頁第20頁復(fù)合句是在簡樸句基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡樸句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞作用。復(fù)合句主要包括下列類型從句： 1. 主語從句

18、 2. 賓語從句3. 表語從句 4. 定語從句5. 狀語從句 6. 同位語從句 考試中最常使用從句賓語從句狀語從句 定語從句第21頁第21頁復(fù)合句與簡樸句：復(fù)合句 = 簡樸句 + 從屬連詞 +簡樸句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldha

19、ve the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.賓語從句第22頁第22頁復(fù)合句與簡樸句：復(fù)合句 = 簡樸句 + 從屬連詞 +簡樸句I dont knowhim.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語從句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for

20、Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.第23頁第23頁復(fù)合句與簡樸句：復(fù)合句 = 簡樸句 + 從屬連詞 +簡樸句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主語That he didnt know the answerin the room.定語who were sitting in t

21、he room.who were present.whose sons were at war.第24頁第24頁復(fù)合句與簡樸句：復(fù)合句 = 簡樸句 + 從屬連詞 +簡樸句That is the fact.表 語what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.第25頁第25頁復(fù)合句與簡樸句：復(fù)合句 = 簡樸句 + 從屬連詞 +簡樸句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語where his father workedin

22、that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.第26頁第26頁復(fù)合句與簡樸句：復(fù)合句 = 簡樸句 + 從屬連詞 +簡樸句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點(diǎn)狀語where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.第27頁第27頁指出下列各從句類型I believe that everything is going on well.She was reading a novel when I came in.She is the girl who sings best in my class.賓語從句狀語從句定語從句Practice第28頁第28頁用所給連詞連接句子。He has found out. She was late. (why)He has found out why she was late.I still remember