不同體裁文章的閱讀方法

1、不同體裁文章的閱讀方法不同體裁的文章，作者的寫作手法不同，表達(dá)的方式千差萬(wàn)別。體裁不同，要求使用的 閱讀方法也不一樣。因此，掌握不同體裁的文章的閱讀方法有助于我們提高閱讀效率、加深 對(duì)文章的理解、提高閱讀速度。下面分別談?wù)動(dòng)洈⑽?、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文的閱讀方法 和技巧。第一節(jié) 記敘文的閱讀方法記敘文講述的是發(fā)生在當(dāng)前或過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)事情的經(jīng)過(guò)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，記敘文就是講故事， 包括人物或故事情節(jié)。常見(jiàn)的記敘文根據(jù)其用途可分為文學(xué)記敘文和說(shuō)明記敘文：文學(xué)記敘 文以虛構(gòu)為主，如趣聞逸事、傳說(shuō)、寓言、傳奇故事、短篇小說(shuō)、科幻小說(shuō)等；說(shuō)明記敘文 以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，包括歷史、傳記、新聞報(bào)道、日記等。無(wú)論哪一種記敘

2、文作者都要交代何人 何時(shí)何地為什么、怎么樣、干了何事等等，這也就是我們常說(shuō)的“5WsandlH”。這是我們 在閱讀記敘文時(shí)要首先了解的，接著按照線索弄清事情的來(lái)龍去脈，就能理解整個(gè)故事。 特別值得注意的是：記敘文的敘事順序有順敘和倒敘兩種，有時(shí)候作者為了吸引讀者會(huì)采用 倒敘的方法，即不按照事情發(fā)展的先后順序來(lái)敘述，而是從最重要、最能引人入勝的事件開(kāi) 始，然后再回過(guò)頭來(lái)追敘故事的開(kāi)端和經(jīng)過(guò)。閱讀時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)從事情本身的發(fā)展去理解故事情 節(jié)而不要只看事件在文中出現(xiàn)的先后位置。 另外，講故事必定有其目的：或證明某一理論，或闡明某一概念，或贊美某種美德，或譴責(zé) 某種罪惡等等。我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)要通過(guò)作者的重要細(xì)

3、節(jié)描寫聯(lián)系故事情節(jié)去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的意圖， 對(duì)作者重墨潑就的細(xì)節(jié)描寫要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。概括起來(lái)一句話：讀記敘文的關(guān)鍵是抓情節(jié)。 抓住了故事情節(jié)，就理解了文章的脈絡(luò)，其 他的就迎刃而解了。下面請(qǐng)閱讀一篇記敘文，看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情節(jié)。（A 篇）Compassion is a desire within us to help others With effort, we can translate compassion into actionAn experience last weekend showed me this is trueI work part-time in a supermarke

4、t across from a building for the elderlyThese old people are our main customers, and its not hard to lose patience over their slownessBut last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lessonThis untidy man walked up to my register收款機(jī)）with a box of biscuits He said he was out of cas

5、h（現(xiàn)金）， had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboardsHe asked if we could let him have the food on trustHe promised to repay me the next dayI couldnt help staring at himI wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone h

6、is wayI had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the worldI told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn t allow me to do soI felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my jobJust then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up If anything, he looked more piti

7、able“Charge it to me,” was all he saidWhat I had been feeling was pity Pity is soft and safe and easyCompassion, on the other hand, is caring in action I thanked the second man but toldhim that was not allowed eitherThen I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myselfI reached into my pock

8、et because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion. 解析：故事采用順敘的敘事方法，主要情節(jié)發(fā)展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on trust and promised to repay the next day. Itold him the store rules didnt allow me to do so. Another man wantedme to charge the food to him.I paid for

9、 the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人稱講述自己親身經(jīng)歷的這段故事，讓人覺(jué)得親切可信，同時(shí)也增強(qiáng)了文章的感染力。 作者說(shuō)自己通過(guò)這段故事學(xué)會(huì)了 compassion （同情），事實(shí)上也是在號(hào)召讀者多伸出同情 之手，共建和諧社會(huì)。抓住了故事的情節(jié)，了解了作者的寫作意圖。再來(lái)做理解題，就容易多了。請(qǐng)看看下面 幾道理解題：41The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits .Apromised to obey the store rules Bforgot to take any money with him Choped to

10、have the food first and pay later Dcould not afford anything more expensive 42Which of the following best describes the old gentleman?Akind and lucky Bpoor and lonely Cfriendly and helpful Dhurt and disappointed 43The writer acted upon the store rules because .Ahe wanted to keep his present jobBhe f

11、elt no pity for the old gentleman Che considered the old man dishonest Dhe expected someone else to pay for the old man 44What does the writer learn from his experience?AWealth is more important than anything else.BHelping others is easier said than done.CExperience is better gained through practice

12、.DObeying the rules means more than compassion.（參考答案： CBAB）（B 篇）The house was quiet at 5 Am. and Tims mother was asleep. Only the sound of the big freezer broke the quiet. Hed dreamt of the cave last night? The purring （ 輕微顫 動(dòng)聲） of the freezer had been the sea .Tim pulled on a sweater and put some a

13、pples into his schoolbag. It was too early for breakfast. Hed eat after hed been through the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the seAHe wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do. What else? Sandwiches but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwic

14、hes, shed want to know why he had to leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a note stuck to the table.Gone to Michaels Back tonight . Tim .The sky was high and soft and light outside, though the sun still wasn t up. Even the highway up the hill was quiet as he made his way down the s

15、treet. The wind from the sea was fresh and sweet.The sandhills still breathed heat from yesterdays sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and seabirds marching up and down watching the waves.The li

16、ght changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched （ 延伸） across the sea . The sun was pushing its way over the edge of the worldOver the first rocks, along to the point. Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in the sky.He could see the cave now, even darker in th

17、e morning light. The sand turned silver then dark gold as the water flowed away from it. He had to force himself to go closer.Why was it so much more mysterious （ 神秘）now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much trouble. He neednt go in all the way 43What did Tim do at the beginning of the

18、 story?AHe left the house quietly. BHe had breakfast at home.CHe left a note on the freezer. DHe put a sweater in his schoolbag.44“He settled for some biscuits ” （in Paragraph 3） means that Tim . Ahad to leave the biscuits on the table .Bliked biscuits better than sandwichesChad to take biscuits ins

19、tead of sandwichesDcould only find some biscuits in the kitchen45What made it possible for Tim to see the entry to the cave?AThe height of the first rocks.BThe ups and downs of the waves.CThe change in the position of the sun.DThe vast stretch of the sunlit beach.46Whish of the following statements

20、is TRUE according to the story?A The sea looked like a piece of gold B Seabirds flew away when Tim arrivedC Tim was the only person on the beach.D The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.47In the story , Tims mood （心情） changed from.Aloneliness to craziness B anxiousness to excitementC helplessness

21、to happiness Deagerness to nervousness（C 篇）“Come in. Kim. Have a seat, please. ” said Bill Williams, the manager. This was Kims first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment was satisfactory.“Kim,” began Bill Williams. “I am very pleased with th

22、e quality of your work. I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions.”“But,” Replied Kim, “I have always completed every assignment you have given me. Mr. Williams.”“I know that, Kim. And please,

23、 call me Bill. But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. I need more input from you more feedback on how things are going I dont need a“yes man”. You never tell me what you think. You just smile as though everything is fine.”“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you

24、are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”“Im not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions. I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”“Yes. I see Im not

25、 accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say , Bill” “Good, then, I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”“Yes, of course. Thank you Mr. WillBill.”69Kim is the sort of employee who.A does not speak out his own ideas B is not

26、devoted to the jobC laughs too much over work Dcan not finish his work on time70The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”Afull of respect B too confident and rudeC lacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet71From the passage, we can learn that.A Kim has been inv

27、ited to take charge of the staff meetingsB the manager appreciates those who just do what he tells them to doC the manager is pleased with Kims hard work and his suggestionsD Kim is likely to have a higher salary if he can pass the assessment（D 篇）People fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor in 1944, wh

28、en she starred in National Velvet-the story of Velvet Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race, At first, the producers of the movie told Taylor that she was too small to play the part of Velvet. However, they waited for her for a few months as she exercised and trained and ad

29、ded three inches to herheight in four months! Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best by a child actress.Elizabeth Taylor was born in London in 1932Her parents, both Americans, had moved there for business reasons. When World war II started, the Taylor moved to Beverly Hills, Cali

30、fornia, and there Elizabeth started acting in movies. After her success as a child star, Taylor had no trouble moving into adult （成人） roles and won twice for Best Actress: Butterfield 8（1960） and Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? （1966）Taylor s fame（名聲）and popularity gave her a lot of power with the movie industry, so she was able to demand very high pay for her movies. In 1963, she received $1 million for her part in Cleopatrathe highest pay re