2023新高考新教材版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題十　推測(cè)詞義高考真題

1、2023新高考新教材版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題十推測(cè)詞義 題組一單詞類Passage 1（2019 江蘇,B）詞數(shù) 360In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone beforerhe couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known fbr a long tim

2、e that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature-thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. Blit Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone（圓錐體）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created

3、 when erupting magma（巖漿）piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet a

4、nd was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a sin

5、gle big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to lest some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some o

6、f the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-uD for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park-2.2 million acreswas caldera. The explosion had left a hole more

7、 than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?A.Its complicated geographical features.

8、B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C.The mysterious history of the park.D.The exact location of the volcano.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A.The shapes of volcanoes.B.The impacts of volcanoes.C.The activities of volcanoes.D.The heights of volcanoes. What does the underlined wo

9、rd “blow-up“ in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.Hot-air balloon.B.Digital camera.C.Big photograph.D.Birds view.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文.主題語(yǔ)境是人與自然，旨在提升學(xué)生對(duì)自然的認(rèn)知.文章提到,Christiansen研究黃石國(guó)家公 園的時(shí)候在公園內(nèi)找不到破火山口，后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎整個(gè)公園都是破火山口.I D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:當(dāng)Christiansen研究黃石國(guó)家公園的時(shí)候.什么事情讓他感到迷惑?根據(jù)文章第一段第一 句.Bob Christiansen beca

10、me puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before:he couldnt find the parks volcano.可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)（火山的確切位置）.A:它復(fù)雜的地理特征:B:它對(duì)旅游業(yè)的永久的影響:C:這個(gè)公園神秘的歷史.A主旨要義題.本題題干意為:第二段主要講的是什么?根據(jù)第二段第一句中the classic cone shapes和最后三句可知,第二 段介紹了火山的兩種形狀,故選A項(xiàng).B:火山的影響;C:火山的活動(dòng);D:火山的高度。.C推測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:最后一段中的畫線詞blow-up最有

11、可能是什么意思?根據(jù)文章最后一段中美國(guó)航空航天局用 高空照相機(jī)拍攝黃石國(guó)家公園及Christiansen看到照片后意識(shí)到自己為什么找不到破火山口可知，畫線詞意為“大照片”.故C 項(xiàng)正確.A:熱氣球:B:數(shù)碼相機(jī):D:鳥(niǎo)瞰.長(zhǎng)難句There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building.然而，還有一種btU不出 名的火山,這種火山不涉及造山運(yùn)動(dòng).此句是主從復(fù)合句。本句主干是There is a second less known type of volcano,句中含有

12、一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that doesnt involve mountain building。Passage 2話題:語(yǔ)言發(fā)展 難度:中 詞數(shù)：294（2018 課標(biāo)全國(guó) I Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent limes there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit（聯(lián)系）groups

13、 developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become fanners,

14、and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many langu

15、ages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many p

16、eople, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;thc Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位數(shù))of speakers is a mere 6,0(X), whi

17、ch means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(l50), Lipan Apache

18、in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.Thcy were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely

19、connected.Which of the following best explainsdominanfunderlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.B. Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D. About 1,200. What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will

20、 be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀I本文為說(shuō)明文,作者從語(yǔ)言發(fā)展歷史這一角度論述了人類的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了世界上語(yǔ)言數(shù)量的減少.I.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:對(duì)于采獵者時(shí)代的語(yǔ)言，我們可推斷出什么”根據(jù)第一段第二句（當(dāng)世界人口仍然由采獵者構(gòu) 成的時(shí)候,小的、聯(lián)系緊密的群體彼此獨(dú)立地形成了自己的講話模式.）可知答案為B項(xiàng)（它們的數(shù)

21、量很大）.A:它們發(fā)展得很 快;C:它們有相似的模式:D:它們聯(lián)系很緊密.2.C猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:下面哪一項(xiàng)最好地解釋了第二段畫線詞“dominant”?根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可推知 dominant 的意思是“占統(tǒng)治地位的.強(qiáng)大的，故答案為 C 項(xiàng) （Powerful）. A:復(fù)雜的:B:高級(jí)的;D:現(xiàn)代的.3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題.本題題干意為:目前，有多少種語(yǔ)言的使用人數(shù)少于6.00（），根據(jù)第三E殳第一句（目前世界上大約有6.800種語(yǔ) 言。）和第三段最

22、后一句（這意味著世界的語(yǔ)言中有一半的語(yǔ)言.其使用人數(shù)不足6,000.）可知.答案為B項(xiàng) （6,800 x1/2=3,400）.4.C主旨大意題。本題題干意為:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介紹了本文的主題，即語(yǔ)言幾千年來(lái)一直變化不定，但在 最近時(shí)期，其數(shù)量越來(lái)越少.然后進(jìn)一步解釋造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是社會(huì)的發(fā)展.故答案為C項(xiàng).高級(jí)詞塊 globalisation/, ghu balal zel f n/n.全球化 2.distribution/. di stn , bju: J n/n.分布Passage 3（20m課標(biāo)全國(guó) ii,b）Five years ago, when I taught

23、 art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:4kMake something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today-and 45 minutes each day for the rest of th

24、e week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once 1 had a boy who worked experime

25、ntally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions Hl led a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in

26、class whose creativity would infect（感染）other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,w*But Fm just not creative.*“Do you dream at night when youre asleep?”“Oh,sure.”“So tel

27、l me one of your most interesting dreams.The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in atime machine or growing three heads.Thats pretty creative. Who does that fbr you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Reallyat night, when youre asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class

28、, okay?”.Thc teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students interest in artD.tcach the students about toy design. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He preferred to s

29、tudy alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.What does the underlined worddownsidein Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Mistake.B. Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their slee

30、ping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀I本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者在西雅圖一所學(xué)校教學(xué)的時(shí)候?yàn)榱烁玫亓私鈱W(xué)生進(jìn)行了一次小測(cè)試，并 且有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn).A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句中的 I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students可知.作者在學(xué)期開(kāi)始使用Tinkertoys作為測(cè)試

31、是為了了解學(xué)生的一些情況.由此判斷A項(xiàng)符合題意.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第四句Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.可知這個(gè)孩子在他的作品上極有創(chuàng) 造力.由此判斷他是有想象力的.故選D項(xiàng).3.B猜測(cè)詞義題.根據(jù)文章第四段第二句可知，作者鼓勵(lì)這種思維就有失去那些有不同風(fēng)格的思維的學(xué)生的危險(xiǎn).因此可判斷 這種行為有不利的方面.故選擇B項(xiàng).4.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的Try doing it in the daytime可知，作者要孩子門在白天嘗試夢(mèng)中的想法而此判斷作 者讓孩子1門說(shuō)出自己的夢(mèng)的真正目的是讓孩子1門看到自己的創(chuàng)

32、造性.故選A項(xiàng).Passage 4（2016 課標(biāo)全國(guó) hi.b）On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their tabic.“Hey, arent you from Mississip

33、piVthe elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.4*rm from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,Welty said/I didnt know w

34、hat my New York friends were thinking?Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the tu

35、rn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion（團(tuán)聚）.“My friend said:*Now we believe your stories,Welty added.And I said:kNow you know. These are the people that make me write them.Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked

36、 pleased with this explanation.I dont make them upjshe said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years/41 dont have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the stree

37、ts of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment（片斷）of a particularly interesting story.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Tw

38、o strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.Thc underlined wordthemin Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys.A. readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories.What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?A.Thcy live in big cities.B.T

39、hey are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They arc pleasure seekers.左堂a語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文，講述了美國(guó)著名女作家Eudora Welty在紐約旅游時(shí)的一次經(jīng)歷.她讓朋友相信了她小說(shuō)中的人 物都來(lái)源于真實(shí)的生活.她善于和各種人交往，從而使她的小說(shuō)真實(shí)、生動(dòng).A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up.可以得知選 A。干 擾項(xiàng)為C項(xiàng)雖然有大雨，但是沒(méi)有破壞他們的晚餐，所以排除C選項(xiàng)。.D 猜

40、測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上文中的Now we believe your stories可以推斷出選Do.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段中的I dont make them up和最后一段可以推斷出她的小說(shuō)中的人物來(lái)自真實(shí)的生活。 Passage 5（2016 四川,0In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous（土著的）people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and the

41、ir own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony（殖民地）of ihe French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them in

42、to an interesting area of fctlawlessnessin the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote comers of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, wi

43、th half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.“I have a special love fbr the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,says Gin/i,ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environ

44、ment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.M“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized liffe,“continues Gin.I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly/His black-and-

45、white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which bri

46、ngs with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They arc

47、both Guianese and French citizens.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer. What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A.Cautious.B. Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative. What does the unde

48、rlined word it in the last paragraph refer to?A.Thc modem French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized world.D.The French Republic.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀I本文是一篇記敘文,題材為社會(huì)生活類。在遠(yuǎn)離法國(guó)本土的圭亞那的熱帶雨林深處還有一些法屬土著居民.一個(gè) 巴黎人用自己的黑白鏡頭記錄下了這個(gè)部落的人們的自由生活.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Surprisingly, these people live largely by their

49、own laws and their own social customs.(itA驚訝的是,這些人很大程度上根據(jù)他們自己的法律和社會(huì)習(xí)俗生活.可推知.他們很少遵守法國(guó)法律.故答案為A項(xiàng)。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的a photographic record可知Gin是以一個(gè)攝影師的身份來(lái)向人們介紹這些土著居 民的.故答案為D項(xiàng).A項(xiàng):一個(gè)導(dǎo)游;B項(xiàng):一地理學(xué)家;C項(xiàng):一位電影導(dǎo)演。.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的描述我看到的不是一個(gè)目無(wú)法律的世界.而是一片自由的樂(lè)土?！笨赏茢喑鰯z影師Gin是 非常喜歡這個(gè)部落的生活的.所以答案為D項(xiàng)。cautious小心的.謹(jǐn)慎的;doubtful懷

50、疑的.不確定的:uninterested不感興趣 的;appreciative欣賞的，感激的。.A猜測(cè)詞義題. which弓I導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句該從句的意思是伴隨著這種生活方式不但帶來(lái)了必要的國(guó)家福利而且 也帶來(lái)了酗酒、背叛甚至還帶來(lái)了自殺。由此推斷出畫線的it指的是現(xiàn)代的法國(guó)生活方式,所以答案為A項(xiàng).B項(xiàng):自給自足 的狩獵方式;C項(xiàng):未開(kāi)化的世界;D項(xiàng):法蘭西共和國(guó)。Passage 6（2015 課標(biāo)全國(guó) i ,0Salvador Dali（ 19041989）was one of the most popular of modem artists.The Pompidou Centre

51、 in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Mem

52、ory .There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects fbr stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth .The

53、exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities（無(wú)限）.“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out of fbcus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the show

54、y Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figuerasexplains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration（合作）with the Museo Nacionai Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contribuSons from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museu

55、m in St.Petersburg,Florida.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic. B.Productive. C.Generous. 0.Traditional.What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage

56、.D.One of the best TV programmes.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject. What docs the wordcontributionsin the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks. B.Projects.C.Donations. D.Documents.林室 口語(yǔ)篇解讀1 Salvador Dali是最著名的現(xiàn)代藝

57、術(shù)家之一，為了對(duì)他表示尊敬和欽佩.巴黎Pompidou中心組織了一次他的作品展。1.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的 with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more可知展覽的作品種類繁多,由此可推斷出Dali是個(gè)“多產(chǎn)的“藝術(shù)家。.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的 Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will tmd the best pieces,mostimportantly The Pe

58、rsistence of Memory.可知 A 項(xiàng)正確。.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句 The exhibition follows a path of time and subject.可知 D 項(xiàng)正確。.A猜測(cè)詞義題。最后一段指出，展出的優(yōu)秀作品是與其他博物館合作準(zhǔn)備的,包括來(lái)自St.Petersburg的Salvador Dali博物館的藝術(shù)品，故選A項(xiàng)。高級(jí)詞塊bring together把收集起來(lái) infinity small無(wú)窮小Passage 7（2015 北京,C）Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass th

59、rough their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically livebetween the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,

60、4kThese animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless theyre eating it,or unless something is eating them.And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with lig