托福閱讀長難句120句,新東方版

1、PAGE PAGE 53托福閱讀120句長難句分析 新東方版1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earths surface，the deepocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space(定語后置in some ways)由于完全沒有光，而且承受著比在地球表面大

2、數(shù)百倍的極大壓力，深海底部對人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境，在某些方面就像外層空間一樣險(xiǎn)惡和遙遠(yuǎn)。分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earths surface分句3：the deepocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修飾分句1結(jié)

3、尾的短語intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因狀語分句3是整個(gè)長句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定語，修飾分句3的a hostile environment to humans整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：原因狀語+主句+后置定語這是主句前后分別有狀語和定語的修飾成分，但是本句其實(shí)不是復(fù)合句。句子的核心意思是深海對于人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境。2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the countrys impressive population growt

4、h(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Basic to any understandingis)要理解二戰(zhàn)之后20年中的加拿大，就必須了解該國驚人的人口增長。分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War分句2：is分句3：the countrys impressive population growth分句1，2，3共同構(gòu)成倒裝句，正常的語序應(yīng)該是3，2，1，即：該句的正常語序是The countrys impressive population growth is basic to any und

5、erstanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War本句是一個(gè)簡單句，只不過使用了倒裝，謂語動(dòng)詞是is.3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore

6、(同位語從句claims that)結(jié)果，那些認(rèn)為只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康的觀點(diǎn)廣為人知，并成為一些民間說法的基礎(chǔ)。分句1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作為分句2主語的同位語從句嵌套在分句2

7、中。因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些觀點(diǎn)廣為人知，并成為一些民間說法的基礎(chǔ)。同位語從句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

8、that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like(并列同位語從句reports that，that，that)關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值更高，未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過處理的好等等報(bào)道屢見不鮮，但都沒有得到證實(shí)。分句1：There are

9、 numerous unsubstantiated reports分句2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like分句1是整個(gè)長句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列關(guān)系，共同構(gòu)成分句1的同位語從句。本句的意思是有很多沒有經(jīng)過證實(shí)的報(bào)道，然后并列了三個(gè)未經(jīng)過證

10、實(shí)的報(bào)道的從句。5The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly(同位語從句fact that)南方極為嚴(yán)重的困境使北方同樣需要開始重建(盡管不像南方那么引人注目)這一事實(shí)顯得不太重要。分句1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact分句2. reconstruction had to be

11、undertaken also in the North分句3.though less spectacularly （省略）1和2嵌套 1和3并列6The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl(賓語從句what we now know as)現(xiàn)在可以獲得這些環(huán)繞幾乎每個(gè)大城市邊緣地區(qū)的土地，這一可能性激發(fā)

12、了一場房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的熱潮并造成了我們現(xiàn)在稱為城區(qū)無計(jì)劃擴(kuò)展的現(xiàn)象。分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl分句1嵌套分句2，即分句1是主句，分句2是賓語從句，主句結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過精簡應(yīng)該是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of r

13、eal estate development and fueled urban sprawl。本句的理解困難還來自于抽象詞fuel，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候的意思就可以引申為促使、造成。7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving b

14、irth(Of結(jié)構(gòu)作定語：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs)但這些因素并不能解釋這個(gè)有趣的問題：為何在一個(gè)特定的地點(diǎn)會(huì)如此集中地出現(xiàn)即將臨產(chǎn)的懷孕魚龍群。分句1：But these factors do not account for the interesting question 分句2：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very clo

15、se to their time of giving birth分句1嵌套分句2.分句2是Of結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語修飾說明question的內(nèi)容。8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out(同位語從句rumors that)當(dāng)時(shí)有一些傳言，說有史前的猛犸

16、在這一陌生的區(qū)域活動(dòng)，而且在這一區(qū)域的某個(gè)地方有一座巨大的鹽石山，其面積達(dá)80英里長50英里寬。就在這些傳言中，兩位上尉出發(fā)了。分句1：Amid rumors分句2：that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region 分句3：and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent分句4：the two captains set out分句1和分句4構(gòu)成倒裝，正常的語序應(yīng)該是分句4+分句1，

17、即the two captains set out Amid rumors。分句1嵌套分句2和分句3，分句2和分句3是修飾分句1的rumors的同位語從句，用來說明謠言的具體內(nèi)容。分句2和分句3構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the en

18、d of the eighteenth century(同位語a supremacy)17世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂器類的主要成員，這種至高無上的地位一直由它們保持，直到18世紀(jì)末被鋼琴所取代。分句1：In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，分句2：a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the

19、 end of the eighteenth century分句2是分句1的同位語從句，用來修飾說明分句1中的the chief instruments of the keyboard group10.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire o

20、f the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance(介詞結(jié)構(gòu)fromto作定語)持續(xù)到19世紀(jì)的一系列機(jī)械上的改進(jìn)，包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最佳牲能的鋼絲，最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無數(shù)音

21、調(diào)效果的樂器這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂音響，從明快流暢的吟唱音調(diào)到尖銳的打擊樂器的恢弘氣氛。分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality分句4：finally produ

22、ced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance本句的真正的主句結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)是由分句1和分句4構(gòu)成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century fin

23、ally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，分句2和分句3并列修飾說明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修飾說明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects11.The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 8

24、00 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more最大的一座后來被西班牙人稱為Pueblo Bonito(美麗的城鎮(zhèn))，是一個(gè)五層梯式樓，有800多間房子，能夠容納1 000人以上。分句1：The largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more分句2：later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by th

25、e Spanish分句1嵌套分句2，分句2用來修飾分句1的主語the largest,分句1內(nèi)部是由三個(gè)并列的謂語構(gòu)成的句子。12.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent(倒裝accustomed though we are=though we are accustomed)雖然我們習(xí)慣于將1927年以前的電影叫做“無聲電影”，但是就“無聲這個(gè)詞的完整意義

26、上說，電影從未真正的無聲過。分句1：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”分句2：the film has never been silent分句3：in the full sense of the word本句的難點(diǎn)是在分句1內(nèi)部有一個(gè)倒裝，正常的語序應(yīng)該是though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent.分句3是一個(gè)插入語，嵌套在分句2中，所以本句的真正強(qiáng)調(diào)的核心是the

27、 film has never been silent。13.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large

28、 personal library of musical pieces(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)notSO much as與其說不如說)在好些年內(nèi)，為各部影片選擇配樂的權(quán)力完全掌握在樂隊(duì)指揮或隊(duì)長手中，而通常擔(dān)任這種職位的資格與其說是技巧或鑒賞品位，不如說是個(gè)人擁有音樂作品的豐富收藏。分句1：.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra分句2：and very often th

29、e principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces分句1 和分句2構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，分句2的難點(diǎn)在于not so much as的結(jié)構(gòu)。14.Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation

30、of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being(倒裝coincident with concernshas been=has been coincident with concerns)在對物種和動(dòng)物棲息地加速消失表示關(guān)注的同時(shí)，人們也越來越認(rèn)識(shí)到生物多樣化，即一個(gè)特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量對地球的健康以及人類幸福的重要性。分句1：Coincident with conc

31、erns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity分句2：the number of species in a particular ecosystem分句3：to the health of the Earth and human well-being分句1內(nèi)部構(gòu)成倒裝，正常語序應(yīng)該是concerns about the accelerating loss of species and

32、 habitats has been coincident with a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being 所以真正的主句經(jīng)過精簡之后是concerns has been coincident with a growing appreciation分句2是一個(gè)插入語，用來解釋說明分句1結(jié)尾的biological diversity15.The fact that half of the known speci

33、es are thought to inhabit the worlds rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species(同位語從句fact that；定語從句that comprise the bulk)考慮到組成大部分物種的昆蟲的巨大數(shù)量，認(rèn)為半數(shù)的已知物種棲息在世界的雨林中這一事實(shí)看起來并不令人吃驚。分句1：The fact does not seem surprising分句2：that half of

34、the known species are thought to inhabit the worlds rain forests分句3：considering the huge numbers of insects分句4：that comprise the bulk of the species分句1嵌套分句2，分句2解釋說明分句1的主語the fact,是同位語從句，分句3作為分句1的原因狀語，分句4是定語從句，修飾分句3的the huge numbers of insects16.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life

35、 in the sea, it helps to think small (特殊結(jié)構(gòu)it helps to做有幫助)要充分認(rèn)識(shí)海洋生命的多樣性和豐富性，從小的角度思考有幫助。目的狀語：To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea,主句： it helps to think small （這里的it是形式主語，沒有實(shí)際意義）17.Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks，but a collection of facts

36、cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)not any more than像一樣不)科學(xué)建立在事實(shí)上，就像房子用磚砌成一樣。但收集的事實(shí)不能被叫做科學(xué)，就像一堆磚不能被稱為房子一樣。分句1. Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks,分句2. but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile

37、of bricks can be called a house.1和2是并列分句 （轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） 18.The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities(從句which sideis used作corresponds to的賓語兩個(gè)半球之間的不同與身體的哪一部分用于進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)是對應(yīng)的。分句1. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to分句2. whic

38、h side of the body is used to perform specific activities1和2是嵌套1是主句，2做主句的賓語19.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her

39、insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)characterized by以為特征)盡管處于一個(gè)以拋棄大量現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng)(以作家約翰巴思、唐納德巴塞爾姆和托馬斯品欽為代表)為特征的時(shí)代，喬伊斯卡羅爾歐茨因?yàn)閳?jiān)持自己小說本質(zhì)上模仿的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候看起來是一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的守舊派。分句1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，

40、and Thomas Pynchon,分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction分句1 做時(shí)間狀語“In a period”的后置定語，補(bǔ)充修飾period，相當(dāng)于省略了 “which was”的定語從句分句2 是主句20If it were not for this faculty，they would devour all the food available

41、in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence(虛擬語氣)如果不是具有這種能力，它們就會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能會(huì)因餓死而滅絕。分句1. If it were not for this faculty分句2. they would devour all the food available in short time分句3. would probably starve themselves out of existence分句1 是虛擬句的條件從句分句2、3是并列， 主句21Individ

42、ualism is weakly developed in folk cultures，as are social classes(倒裝as are social classes) 個(gè)人主義和社會(huì)階層在民間文化群體中的發(fā)展十分薄弱。分句1. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures分句2. as are social classes1和2并列， 2 采用倒裝語序，as表示“也，和 一樣”22People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the

43、 prospect that unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring social chaos(同位語從句prospect that)19世紀(jì)的美國人因?yàn)楹ε聡医?jīng)濟(jì)中史無前例的變化會(huì)帶來社會(huì)混亂這一前景而提心吊膽。分句1. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect分句2. unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring social c

44、haos1和2 嵌套， 1是主句， 2 具體解釋說明 prospect23Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits(倒裝Accompanying that growth was a structural chan

45、ge that=A structural changewas accompanying that growth)伴隨著這一增長的是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化，它以經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷多樣化和國家勞動(dòng)力從農(nóng)業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為特征。分句1. Accompanying that growth was a structural change分句2. featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and

46、other nonagricultural pursuits1和2是嵌套分句1是主句，且采用完全倒裝的形式分句2 是定語從句，修飾change. 這個(gè)定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，由2個(gè)and連接三個(gè)并列的名詞性成分24As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home(倒裝so did)隨著男人和女人在社會(huì)中扮演的角色被限定得更加嚴(yán)格，他們在家中的角色也是如此。分句1. the roles became more rigidl

47、y defined分句2. men and women played in society分句3. so did the roles 分句4. they played in the home1和2嵌套， 3和4嵌套1和3并列2和4分別作為定語從句修飾 roles3是由so引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句25.Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals，sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional

48、shapes(倒裝Surrounding the column are)圍繞著蕊柱的是三個(gè)萼片和三個(gè)花瓣，有時(shí)很容易辨認(rèn)出來，但經(jīng)常被扭成華麗、奇特但總是有用的形狀。分句1. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals分句2. sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes1是主句， 采用完全倒裝26With the growing prosperity brought

49、 on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression(倒裝than had their predecessors比較結(jié)構(gòu)的第二部分)隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，年輕人比大蕭條中的同齡人結(jié)婚成家更早，而且養(yǎng)育的家庭比他們的

50、前輩更大。分句1. the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War分句2. the economic boom that followed it分句3. young people married and established households earlier分句4. began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression1和2并列，3和4并列1和2 是伴隨狀語3和4是主句27The railroad could be

51、 and was a despoiler of nature；furthermore，in its manifestation of speed and noise，it might be a despoiler of human nature as well(關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)could be and was)鐵路可以，事實(shí)上也是自然的掠奪者；而且，在其速度和噪音的表現(xiàn)上也可能是人性的掠奪者。分句1. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature分句2. it might be a despoiler of human nature as we

52、ll1和2 是并列 （由分號連接的兩個(gè)并列分句）28In the railroads prime years，between 1 890 and 1920，there were a few individuals in the United States，most of them with solid railroading experience behind them，who made a profession of writing about railroading-works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive c

53、abs(同位語most of them；定語從句who made a profession of writing)在1890年到1920年間鐵路的黃金時(shí)期，美國有幾個(gè)人(他們大多有豐富的鐵路經(jīng)驗(yàn))以寫鐵路題材為職業(yè)作品圍繞車站、停車場和機(jī)車。分句1. there were a few individuals in the United States分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading分句4. wo

54、rks offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs1是主句2和3是嵌套2作為1中a few individuals 的同位語，對它進(jìn)一步解釋說明29On the other hand，when it comes to substantive-particularly behavioral-information，crows are less well known than many comparably common species and，for that matter，not a few quite uncommo

55、n ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)for that matter)另一方面，當(dāng)涉及實(shí)質(zhì)性的，特別是行為方面的信息時(shí)，烏鴉就不如許多比較而言很普通的鳥類那樣為人所知；而且，也不如許多很不尋常的鳥類，舉一個(gè)明顯的例子，如像瀕危的加利福尼亞大禿鷲那樣為人所知。分句1. when it comes to substantive-particularly behavioral-information分句2. crows are less well known than many comparab

56、ly common species and, for that matter，not a few quite uncommon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example1和2是并列， 分句1是時(shí)間狀語， 2是主句，其中包含插入語結(jié)構(gòu) 以及 冒號連接的解釋說明的成分30Keen observers and quick learners，they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers，and adept

57、 at avoiding them(并列同位語keen observers and quick learners)烏鴉是敏銳的觀察家和快捷的學(xué)習(xí)者，它們對其他生物(包括研究人員)的意圖感覺非常敏銳，并且善于躲開它們。分句1. they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers分句2. and adept at avoiding them1和2是并列31These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a v

58、aluable tool not only of science but also of history，providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented(賓語從句demonstrate that；特殊結(jié)構(gòu)otherwise)這些研究人員已經(jīng)力圖證實(shí)他們的工作不僅可以成為科學(xué)而且還是歷史的寶貴工具，為了解普通人的日常生活提供嶄新的觀點(diǎn)，否則這些普通人的生存狀態(tài)不可能被記載得這么好。分句1：These

59、 researchers have sought to demonstrate that分句2：their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history分句3：providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people分句4：whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented分句1是整個(gè)長句子的主句分句2是分句1的賓語從句分句3是動(dòng)詞同位語從句，以分詞形式表示伴隨狀態(tài)分句

60、4補(bǔ)充說明，是3的從句。1和2嵌套 1和3并列3和4嵌套32Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861-1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Legend has it that=There is a legend that)傳說在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)(1861-186