情態(tài)動詞和虛擬市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣第1頁情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣分類重點、難點解題關(guān)鍵 3. 固定句式 1. should +動詞原形 2. if 引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句 了解句義 結(jié)合記憶了解句義 記憶3.情態(tài)動詞+have done情態(tài)動詞虛擬語氣2.表示對現(xiàn)在和過去推測 1.固定搭配考查: can but 使用方法 cant help but ,cant help 使用方法第2頁第3頁1(北京高考)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah，good morning. You _ be Mrs.

2、 Peters.AmightBmustCwould DCan2(浙江高考)“You _ have a wrong number，” she said，“Theres no one of that name here.”Aneed BcanCmust Dwould第4頁3(遼寧高考)The traffic is heavy these days.I _ arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Acan BmustCneed Dmight4(安徽高考)Some people who dont like to talk much are not

3、necessarily shy；they _ just be quiet people.Amust BmayCshould Dwould第5頁5(全國卷)What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There _ be twelve.Ashould BwouldCwill Dshall第6頁Can語氣 表示對當(dāng)前或未來情況推測往往用“情態(tài)動詞動詞原形”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。1can用于必定句中有時能夠用來表示推測，意為“有時會”；用于疑問句中能夠表示推測，意為“可能”，有時表示一個詫異語氣；用于否定句中也能夠表示推測，cant 意為“不可能”，語氣很強(qiáng)烈。第7頁

4、(福建高考)It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.我故鄉(xiāng)在三月份通常很暖和，但有時候也會相當(dāng)冷。Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很按時，他怎么可能開會遲到呢？The story cant be true.這個故事不可能是真。第8頁May語氣 may用于必定句中能夠用來表示推測，意為“可能”；用于否定句中也能夠表示推測，may

5、not意為“可能不”，表示一個不太確定語氣。may在疑問句中不能表示推測。Peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我們一起來，但他還沒確定。第9頁Must語氣 2.4.6must 表示推測時只能用于必定句中，意為“一定，必定”，表示十分必定語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can)。He must be ill.He looks so pale.他準(zhǔn)是病了，他臉色蒼白。(湖南高考)Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.這是辦公室！所以你一定知

6、道這里不許吃東西。Oh，sorry.噢，對不起。第10頁Should語氣 should 用來表示推測時意為“應(yīng)該”，即含有“按道理來說應(yīng)該如此”意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因為你在駕校訓(xùn)練了那么多，經(jīng)過路考應(yīng)該沒什么困難。第11頁正在發(fā)生動作猜測表示對現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生事情進(jìn)行推測要用“情態(tài)動詞be現(xiàn)在分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在高考題中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)不太多，但也提醒考生注意。My mother must

7、 be watering the flowers in the garden now.現(xiàn)在我母親一定正在花園里澆花。The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.此刻學(xué)生們有可能正在爬山。第12頁1(全國卷)Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.Acant BneedntCmay not Dwill not2(江蘇高考)I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subj

8、ect next month.Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.Acould BshallCmust Dmay第13頁3(陜西高考)May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you _. You read it in here.Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt4(江西高考)I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?AMust BCanCMay DWill第14頁5(湖南高考)You _ buy a gift，but you

9、 can if you want to.Amust BmustntChave to Ddont have to第15頁1can 和could使用方法(1)表示詫異，慣用在否定句和疑問句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那樣蠢事呢？(2)cannot.too/enough表示“不論也不過分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.開車時越小心越好。2.4.2第16頁2may和might使用方法(1)may和might表示“許可”，“可能性”，“祝?！钡纫饬x。在給予他人許可時，慣用can，但有時也

10、用may。不能用might。May I play basketball this afternoon?今天下午我能夠打籃球嗎？第17頁“may as well動詞原形”意為“最好，滿能夠，倒不如”。You may as well do it at once.你最好馬上就做這件事。We may as well stay where we are.我們留在現(xiàn)在地方倒也不錯。第18頁(2)may作“能夠”講時，其否定式慣用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“無須”。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委婉拒絕可用：S

11、orry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt. 2.4.5第19頁3must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)You must not speak ill of others.你一定不要說他人壞話。Smoking must not be allowed in the office.禁止在辦公室吸煙。(2)表示“偏執(zhí)”，“固執(zhí)”Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出這么大聲嗎？If you must smoke，please go

12、 out.假如你偏要吸煙，那你就出去吧。2.4.6第20頁4shall使用方法(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。Shall we begin our class？我們能夠開始上課嗎？Shall the driver wait outside？司機(jī)在外邊等著能夠嗎？第21頁(2)用于第二、第三人稱陳說句中，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我許諾給他一件生日禮品。You shall not get my support if you do such a

13、thing.假如你做那種事，我就不支持你。第22頁5will和would使用方法作情態(tài)動詞will，would與作助動詞will，would各種形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主動提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決心等。would用于過去情況。(北京高考)John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.約翰答應(yīng)他醫(yī)生不再吸煙了，自從那時起他就再也不吸煙了。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.

14、我已再三告訴他戒煙，不過他就是不聽。第23頁(2)will能夠表示一個習(xí)慣性動作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.天天早晨，他總是沿著小河散步。(3)would 能夠表示過去習(xí)慣性動作，比used to正式，但沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”含義。Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.去年我們英語老師經(jīng)常課后給我們講英語故事。第24頁表示對過去發(fā)生情況或存在狀態(tài)推測常用“情態(tài)動詞h

15、ave過去分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。1can/could have done表示“原來可以做，而實際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生行為表示懷疑或不愿定，其中cant have done多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈否定，意為“不可能做過”。第25頁Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere.你知道大衛(wèi)在哪里嗎？我處處找不到他。Well.He cant have gone far his coats still here.大衛(wèi)上衣還在這里，所以他必定沒走遠(yuǎn)。The accident could have been avoided.這

16、場事故原來是能夠防止。2.4.7.1第26頁2may/might have done表示對過去行為推測，意為“可能做過”。might所表示可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。另外might have done可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.對不起，我遲到了。我可能把鬧鐘關(guān)掉后又睡著了。第27頁3must have done表示對過去行為推測，意為“一定，想必”，語氣十分必定。He must have completed his work；o

17、therwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.他一定是已經(jīng)完成工作了，不然他不會在海邊玩得那么高興了。第28頁4should have done表示過去原來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻沒有做；shouldnt have done表示過去原來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一使用方法往往含有責(zé)備意味。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我現(xiàn)在以為肚子疼，我剛才真不應(yīng)該吃那么多炸雞。第29頁1(山東高考)I

18、 _ have watched that movie,itll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt2(天津高考)Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt第30頁5ought to have done表示過去原來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻沒有做；ought not to have done表示過去原來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一使用方法與sh

19、ould相同，也往往含有責(zé)備意味。You ought to have come to the party yesterday，but why didnt you come?昨天你原來應(yīng)該參加聚會，可是你為何不來？2.4.7.2第31頁6neednt have done表示原來無須做某事而實際上卻做了。Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you.Catherine，我已替你清掃了房間。Thanks.You neednt have done it.I could manage it myself.謝謝。你原來無須做，我自己能夠做。2.4.7.3第32頁3(上

20、海高考)Sorry，Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh，you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.Amust BmustntCshould Dshouldnt4(安徽高考)Jack described his father，who _ a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man.Awould be Bwould have beenCmust be Dmust have been第33頁5(江蘇高考) He

21、 did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_it differently.Acould express Bwould expressCcould have expressed Dmust have expressed第34頁第35頁英語動詞普通可帶有三種不一樣語氣：陳說語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不一樣語氣用動詞不一樣形式（有還借助句法形式）來表示。語氣第36頁陳說語氣(The Indicative Mood)用來陳說一個事實，或提出一個看法，有必定，否定，疑問或感嘆等形式。People get AIDS after having be

22、en infected with HIV.Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after Xiaohua was born.How should we act towards people who have AIDS.What a brave girl!語氣第37頁祈使語氣(The Imperative Mood)用來表示請求，邀請，命令，警告或勸說等。Let me do it.Please keep quiet in the reading room.語氣第38頁虛擬語氣概念虛擬語氣是一個特殊動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說話不是一

23、個事實，而是一個假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人愿望、要求、命令、提議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。第39頁一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實相反條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：表示與事實情況相反條件從句謂語形式主句謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況過去式(did)(be慣用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第1人稱) +動詞原形(do)表示過去情況過去完成式(had +done)Would / could / might / should +have done表示未來情況過去式 (did)(were

24、)should + do were to doWould / could / might / should + do虛擬語氣在條件從句中第40頁例句 2.5.1If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘話，你就能見到他了。(與過去事實相反)2. If it were(were to be/should be) rainy tomorrow, the concert would be canceled. 明天要是下雨,音樂會就會取消。(不希望發(fā)生事)3. If I were you, I woul

25、d go now. 假如我是你話，我現(xiàn)在就走。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反，實際上我不可能是你)虛擬語氣在條件從句中第41頁虛擬語氣在條件從句中二、省略 if 條件從句 2.5.1.2當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或 should 時，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in

26、 the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.Had you come a few.第42頁虛擬語氣在復(fù)合句中應(yīng)用三、錯綜時間條件句（交叉虛擬）2.5.1.1 即從句與主句動作發(fā)生時間不一樣。此時，需要按時間來確定虛擬形式。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 假如他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)話，現(xiàn)在干就會輕易些。 If we had not met, I would be a millionaires wife. 假如當(dāng)

27、初我們沒有相遇,我現(xiàn)在就是一個百萬富翁太太了。 第43頁1、記?。哼@些動詞后面接賓語從句：表示愿望( wish), 提議(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。2、除wish外，其它動詞用should + do 組成, should 能夠省略。3、 wish接賓語從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 未來：用情態(tài)動詞(would / could) + do虛擬語氣在賓語從句中第44頁例句

28、1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我希望自己能年輕三十歲。3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)。4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他沒這么做該多好。5. He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學(xué)生每七天都要自己洗衣服。2.5.4 虛擬

29、語氣在賓語從句中第45頁4、記住：insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不一樣語氣Insist 表示“果斷要求”時，用虛擬形式，即 should + do;Insist 表示“堅稱，堅持說”時，用陳說語氣，表示事實。Suggest 表示“提議”時，用虛擬形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳說語氣。例句The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師提議我們課后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there on ti

30、me by any means. 他堅持要我們大家想盡方法按時去那兒。 He insisted that he was right. 2.5.2虛擬語氣在賓語從句中第46頁虛擬語氣在賓語從句中在would (had) rather(寧愿) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句中當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或未來時間時,謂語動詞要用普通過去時;表示過去時間時,謂語動詞要用過去完成時。2.5.5.4I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.第47頁虛擬語氣在表語從句中主句主語常是表示說話人愿望(wish / desire)、提議(suggestion / advice) 要求(req

31、uirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等名詞，表語從句謂語動詞用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.第48頁虛擬語氣在同位語從句中同位語從句先行詞常是表示說話人愿望、提議、要求、命令等名詞。The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.第49頁虛擬語氣在主語從句中在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面從句中謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形 例句Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這么做是很自然。Its