英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題英語(yǔ)句子概論第1頁(yè)1. 句子成份主語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):表語(yǔ):表示句子說(shuō)是什么人或什么事,由名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)位于句首。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng), 位于主語(yǔ)后。表示動(dòng)作行為對(duì)象,通常位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。 補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)成份,通常位于賓語(yǔ)后。由形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或特征,位于系動(dòng)詞之后。以上成份稱為基本句子成份。完整句子普通最少包含2-4個(gè)基本成份。第2頁(yè)定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)可由以下等成份表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a dev

2、eloping country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers in our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn Englis

3、h.Tom is a boy who likes music very much.（形容詞）（分詞）（名詞）（代詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）第3頁(yè)狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征句子成份，叫做狀語(yǔ)。通常有副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)種類以下：How about meeting again at six?Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofthe rain.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.Mr Smith lives on the third fl

4、oor.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）第4頁(yè)She put the eggs into the basket with great care.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.She works very hard though she is old.I am taller than he is.方式狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ)目狀語(yǔ)結(jié)

5、果狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)比較狀語(yǔ)第5頁(yè)同位語(yǔ): 對(duì)其前面名詞代詞做深入解釋. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. 插入語(yǔ): 對(duì)一句話作一些附加解釋. To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)及插入語(yǔ)能夠稱為從屬句子成份。第6頁(yè)2.句子分類分類說(shuō)明例句簡(jiǎn)單句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)組成句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。1. Tom and I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but, or等）把兩個(gè)或兩

6、個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成句子。1. He likes eggs, but he doesnt like chickens.2. Work hard or you will fall behind.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句組成句子1. I believe you are right.2. If you study harder, you will pass the exam.第7頁(yè)1）她喜歡集郵. 2）食物很精美,但他卻沒(méi)什么胃口. 3）我們抵達(dá)電影院時(shí)候,電影已經(jīng)開演了.She is fond of collecting stamps.The food was good, but

7、 he had little appetite.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 翻譯以下句子：第8頁(yè) 判斷以下句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morn

8、ing and come back home at seven in the evening.簡(jiǎn)單句 復(fù)合句 簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句 第9頁(yè)5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important.9. The farmer is showing the boy how

9、to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 復(fù)合句 并列句 復(fù)合句 簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句 第10頁(yè)3. 簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式以下：基本句型一: + （主謂）基本句型二: + + （主系表）基本句型三: + + （主謂賓）基本句型四: + +O1 +2（主謂間賓直賓）基本句型五: + + +(主謂賓賓補(bǔ))第11頁(yè)基本句型 一 + （主謂）1. Time 2. The sun 3. The man4. Everybodyflies. rises. cooked. laughed此句型中動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,能表示完

10、整意思。主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)，如，The red sun rises in the east.第12頁(yè)基本句型 二 + + （主系表）1. He 2. The dinner3. The weather is smellsbecame tall and strong. good. warmer. 此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表示一個(gè)完整意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)表語(yǔ)組成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表示完整意思。系動(dòng)詞有三類：1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)： be, seem, appear, feel ,look, smell, sound, taste2. 表狀態(tài)延續(xù)：remain, st

11、ay, keep, continue, stand3. 表狀態(tài)改變 ：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow第13頁(yè) 基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓）（及物動(dòng)詞）(賓語(yǔ)) 1. Who 2. She 3. I 4. I5. Iknows laugh at want dont knowenjoythe answer? her. to have a cup of tea.what to do.living here.此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整，而賓語(yǔ)成份多樣化使這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。第14頁(yè) 基本句型 四 + +IO +（

12、主謂間賓直賓）（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1. I 2. Heshowedboughthimme my pictures. a beautiful skirt.此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表示完整意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作直接承受者（多指物），另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作間接賓語(yǔ)（多指人）。若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)，后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)，則要借助與介詞to 或for。He bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.第15頁(yè)用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有

13、：（需借助 to）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等（需借助for）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing等。第16頁(yè) 基本句型 五 + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）（及物）（賓語(yǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They 3. We 4. I keep call asked saw the table supper him them clean. dinner. to c

14、ome back soon. getting on the bus. 此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還需跟一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成份來(lái)不足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。第17頁(yè)注意：用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，是英語(yǔ)慣用句型。即 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + it + 賓補(bǔ) + 真正賓語(yǔ)。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.慣用于此句型動(dòng)詞有:think, believe, consider, suppose, find, feel, make第18頁(yè)使用it當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)翻譯下面句子1.他感到極難跟你交談。 2.我認(rèn)為有可能用另一個(gè)方

15、法解題。 3.學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 4. 我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無(wú)益。 1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 3.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 4.I thought it no use talking with that man第19頁(yè)You are sitting

16、on the train home.There comes the bus !The egos potential for expansion is limitless.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.We think it our duty to study well.主+謂（S+V）主+謂（S+V）主+系 +表（S+V+P）主+謂 +賓（SVO）主+謂 +間賓 +直賓（SVOiOd）主+謂 +賓 +補(bǔ)（S

17、VOC）判斷以下句子屬于何種句式Exercises :第20頁(yè)更正以下句子錯(cuò)誤Exercises :1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy to work hard. 6. My father bought a book to me. 1. He came into the room. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 3. I have seen the film.4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy work hard. 6. My father bought a book for me . 第21頁(yè)Exercises : 翻譯以下句子并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1.我經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。 2.瑪麗是個(gè)聰明學(xué)生。3.我老師交給我一封信。4.我母親經(jīng)常叫我努力學(xué)習(xí)。5.我們叫我們老師王先生 6.他正在房里做家庭作業(yè)。1. I often read English in the morning. 2. Mary is a clever student. 3. My te