2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題三閱讀理解第一講細(xì)節(jié)理解題課件

1、江蘇高考閱讀理解近5年考情分布明細(xì)統(tǒng)計年份內(nèi)容20192018201720162015體裁記敘文20010議論文11102應(yīng)用文01111說明文12221題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題107785推理判斷題26637主旨大意題22032詞義猜測題10211 總結(jié)近幾年江蘇高考閱讀理解可知，選材上更注重體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實生活。所選文章涉及話題廣，蘊涵豐富的人文、科普知識，具有思想性、人文性、趣味性、實用性等特點和鮮明的時代特色。文章選材豐富多樣，注重考查考生在不同的語言背景下靈活運用英語語言知識分析和解決問題的能力。設(shè)題方式仍以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，符合考試大綱要求，細(xì)節(jié)理解題的比重有所加大?？傮w來說，語篇的難易度

2、呈現(xiàn)層次性，區(qū)分度較高，高分難得，有利于高考選拔?！灸芰σ蟆俊緢D解題型】1.通讀全文，抓兩個重點：(1)段中心句。核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出題。(2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。其他部分略讀，有重點地讀。2.抓住中心，用一分半時間思考3個問題：(1)文章敘述的主要內(nèi)容是什么？(2)文章中有無提到核心概念？(3)作者的大致態(tài)度是什么？仔細(xì)看題干，把每道題和原文的某處建立聯(lián)系，掛起鉤，這一步要遵循兩個定位原則：(1)通常是由題干出發(fā)，使用尋找關(guān)鍵詞定位原則。(關(guān)鍵詞：大寫字母、地名、時間、數(shù)字等)(2)自然段定位原則。出題的順序與行文的順序是基本一致的，一般每段對應(yīng)一題。要樹立定位意識，每一題、

3、每一選項都要回到原文中某一處定位。通過題干返回原文，判斷四個選項，抓住選項中的關(guān)鍵詞，把選項定位到原文的某處比較，斟酌選項，選出答案。第一講細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動安排類、書籍電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。一、正確選項的特征1.同義替換。對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行同義替換。如把lose ones job換成了be out of work。有時候詞性或者語態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成of importance；改變原

4、文中句子的語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。2.語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言進行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。3.正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。二、干擾選項的特征1.張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。2.無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。3.曲解文意。與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動。4.顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。5.正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯誤。典例1(2018江蘇卷，閱讀B)Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of r

5、estaurants.Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular s

6、cents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.直接信息題59.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music. B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter. D.Using plates of large

7、r size.答案A直接信息題。由題干中的“fine dining shop”快速定位到第二句，結(jié)合“One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart (莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more.”可知，要想讓顧客在餐館多停留、多消費，餐館可以播放古典音樂，故A項符合題意。典例2(2019江蘇卷，閱讀A)High_mindedBuxton is justifiably

8、proud of its cultural life and youll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.57.Buxton O

9、pera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers _.A.rides in small trainsB.courses in modern artsC.artistic and cultural activitiesD.basic courses in horse riding答案C直接信息題。根據(jù)High minded部分的“.its cultural life.with art，music，opera and the performing arts.”可知，巴克斯頓歌劇院和藝術(shù)展覽中心的特別之處在于它提供適合所有有

10、品位的文化和藝術(shù)活動。故選C項。解題技巧題干定位，尋找信息題干定位法是做細(xì)節(jié)理解題最基本的也是最常用的方法。細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查對某句話或某幾句話的理解，可根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進行比較和分析，便可以確定最佳答案?！邦}干定位法”分為三步：第一步：先通過題干信息來選擇定位詞。定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動詞和數(shù)詞等，即問題的核心信息。第二步：在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞，找出相關(guān)的句子。第三步：分析這些句子和選項，得出正確答案。典例3(2019江蘇卷，閱讀C)Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had

11、 more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions.However, they have real impacts，as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.間接信息題

12、61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to _.A.a lack of confidence in technologyB.a slow progress in technologyC.a conflict of public opinionsD.a waste of limited resources答案D間接信息題。根據(jù)第二段中的“However，they have real impacts，as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.”可知，這些

13、誤判有真正的影響，因為它們會導(dǎo)致稀缺資源的錯誤使用，故選D項。典例4(2019江蘇卷，閱讀C)In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”.As a result，in the last twenty ye

14、ars or so，many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cr

15、oss-border flows of capital，labour and goods, with poor results.63.What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A.Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B.Believing that the world has become borderless.C.Ignoring the power of economic development.D.Over-emphasizing the rol

16、e of international communication.答案B間接信息題。根據(jù)文中的“Believing in such a world.with poor results.”可知，正是因為相信有這樣一個世界，所以許多政府終止了一些非常有必要的規(guī)定。believing in such a world 即上文提到的“now we live in a borderless world”，即相信世界已經(jīng)變得無國界，故選B。解題技巧“斷章取義”定答案典例5(2018江蘇卷，閱讀A)Admission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommend

17、ed for students，includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊) on the same day；free for children under 12 with an adult.Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/childrens programs are free with admission.Ask about todays

18、 activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.數(shù)字計算題56.How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A.$12. B.$37. C.$50. D.$62.答案C數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)題意并結(jié)合Admission部分中的“$25.00 recommended for adults”“free for children under 12 with an adult”可知，他們應(yīng)付兩個成年人的門票費用。一家三口共計花費：252

19、5050 (美元)。典例6(2018全國卷，閱讀C)At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only

20、 around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位數(shù))of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.30.How man

21、y languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?A.About 6，800. B.About 3，400.C.About 2，400. D.About 1，200.答案B數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)文章中的“At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.”和“The median number (中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer

22、 people than that.”可知，目前世界上大約有6，800種語言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6，000人的占一半即3，400，故選B。解題技巧“加減乘除”得數(shù)據(jù)1.閱讀題干，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞尋讀原文，同時標(biāo)記數(shù)字、時間、年代等相關(guān)信息。2.弄清題干詢問數(shù)據(jù)與原文數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯關(guān)系，并進行加減乘除計算。3.特殊信息應(yīng)注意：(1)特殊數(shù)字：decade十年；fortnight兩周；double兩倍；couple兩個；score二十；dozen十二。(2)特殊詞匯：off削價，減價；discount折扣。典例7(山東卷，閱讀C)You cant always predict a heavy rain

23、 or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.Thats why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.The designer says he came up with the idea after watch

24、ing people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(傘蓬) built into a street lamp.” he said.細(xì)節(jié)排序題The Lampbrella is a standard-lookin

25、g street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors (傳感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor，theres also a 360motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not