英語高中教學高考7選5閱讀解題技巧2

1、2018屆高考英語專題復(fù)習之七選五閱讀答題指導劉勇題型解讀試題模式為：給出一篇缺少5個句子的文章，對應(yīng)有七個選項，要求同學們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處?！爸饕炜纯忌鷮ξ恼碌恼w內(nèi)容和框架結(jié)構(gòu)以及語篇中段際及句際邏輯意義的連結(jié)的理解和掌握。”命題依照是英語課程標準提出的“提高學生用英語獲守信息、辦理信息、解析問題和解決問題的能力”的要求。這種題型以指導性或描述性說明文居多，這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)層次都比較清楚完滿，邏輯嚴實，適合察看標題概括、主題句和過渡句等，以達到察看學生綜合閱讀能力的要求。短文特點（說明文）全文也許各段落，一般為“總-分”也許“總-分-總”結(jié)構(gòu)，有主題段

2、和主題句，交代本文和本段的中心思想，爾后再張開或談?wù)撨@個主題。全文井然有序，條理清楚，邏輯嚴實，在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上平時使用明顯的語言和格式標志，便于理解。指導性說明文中常有ways,methods,skills,techniques,suggestions,tips,steps,how(todosth)等標志性詞匯。每個建議或方法一般單獨成段，或常有“”等標志。主要考點主旨馬虎題：選出段落小標題或主題句。句際關(guān)系題：正確選項與上下文之間主要有講解例證、轉(zhuǎn)折比較、因果、遞進、順承或序次、并列排比、概括概括等邏輯關(guān)系。此為察看的重點。設(shè)空或選項特點設(shè)空處平時是完滿的句子，但也有可能是并列分句或從句，甚至

3、是逗號分開的短語（平時是狀語）。七個選項都與短文有關(guān)，多為完滿的句子，句型不一，長短不相同，七個備選項平時由短到長排列。設(shè)空的地址可在段首，段中或段尾。正確的選項平時有三種：主旨概括句（察看對文章或段落的概括概括能力),過渡性句子（察看對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握能力），說明性句子（察看對上下文邏輯意義的理解能力）解題技巧一、依照地址線索解題二、依照邏輯線索解題三、依照詞匯線索解題解題技巧一：依照地址信息解題問題設(shè)在段首（三種可能）：平時是段落主題句。短小干練，多為名詞性短語或祈使句。閱讀此段節(jié)余內(nèi)容，依照段落一致性原則，查找有關(guān)詞也許同義詞，從而鎖定答案。與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系。重視閱讀后文一二

4、句，鎖定線索信號詞，爾后在選項中查找有關(guān)特點詞。正確選項與后文的句子在意思上是連結(jié)的，因此平時這兩句話之間會有某種連結(jié)手段。段落間的過渡句。此時要瞻前顧后找啟示，閱讀上一段結(jié)尾。平時正確選項可以承上啟下，起到兩段之間很好的過渡作用。例1:Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyitsimportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourre

5、asons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.答案：Findtherightmotivation.（主題句）例2：However,heisnotafish.Becausehemustbreatheair,hecantstayunderthewatersurfaceforanylengthoftime.Toexploredeepwater,manfacesevenmoredangersandproblems.答案：Manwantstoexploredeepintothesea.（與后文轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并啟示下文內(nèi)容。）問題設(shè)在段中：

6、平時正確選項的句子在語境和邏輯方面和上下文有親近的關(guān)系，平時為過渡句或細節(jié)說明句。注意句際表現(xiàn)時間、原因、方式、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)系詞以及邏輯性插入語等。例3:Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses(隱形眼鏡）.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.Otherwise,you

7、mayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.答案：Alwaysfollowthedoctorsadviceforappropriatewear.（注意祈使句與otherwise的搭配邏輯）例4:Unfortunately,weveallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwevebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycantt

8、rustanymore.37Itsunderstandable,butifyourewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.答案：Theyvebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycantbeartoletithappenagain.(前后因果關(guān)系，說明無法再相信的原因，并與下文understandable銜接。)問題設(shè)在段尾：平時是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信息詞，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,insh

9、ort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語。與前文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折也許比較關(guān)系。與前文之間是并列排比或遞進關(guān)系。此時，正確選項的作用經(jīng)常是補全說明本段主題的其他細節(jié)。解題時注意查找表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)系詞或與前文近似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或同義詞等其他線索。承上啟下，引出下一段的內(nèi)容。此時注意看下一段的開頭幾句，看選項中是否有與之親近連結(jié)的句子。例5:HowtoreducefoodwasteItwasreportedrecentlythatintheUK,wethrowawayuptoonethirdofthefoodwebuyeachweek.Thisamountsto6.7mil

10、liontonsoffoodeachyear.Asthefoodcrisisincreasesaroundtheworld,itmakessenseforustoreducetheamountoffoodwewaste.36答案Thiswillsaveusmoneytoo-imaginesavingathirdofyourweeklyfoodbill!（補充講解makessense的原因并概括概括上文）Herearesometipstohelpyoureducefoodwaste.Makeamenuplan.Thinkaboutthemealsthatyourfamilyenjoysmosta

11、ndmakeamenuplanfortheweek.Writedowntheingredientsyouneedforeachmealonalist.Thereisnothingworsethanpushingatrolley(手推車）aroundasupermarketaimlesslywithnoideasaboutyourmealsforthefollowingweek.37.答案：Youoftenendupwithlotsofingredientsthatdontgotogether!（講解上文語句的結(jié)果）例6:Everyonewantstosucceedintheirlife,don

12、tthey?Evenasateenager,youcanachievesuccessinyourlife;itreallyisntthathard.31.Dowellinschool.Nomatterhowboringitisnow,educationwillhelpyoubeaproductivememberinsociety.Tryyourbestforexcellenceinschool;listentotheteachers,doyourhomework,study,andgetgoodgrades.Doingsowillhelpyougetintoabetteruniversity,

13、whichenableyoutohaveabrightfuture.32will答案：31:Herearesomeimportantpointsthatyoumayfindhelpful.(承上啟下）32:Schoolsetsyouupontherighttrack!（概括概括）解題技巧二：依照邏輯線索解題語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇中的各種邏輯關(guān)系平時是經(jīng)過語篇標志詞來表現(xiàn)的。對語篇標志詞認識得越多，就可以更好地理解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)和要表達的內(nèi)容，為解題供應(yīng)幫助。七五中常的關(guān)系：解例關(guān)系：前后的某句是了明另一句而的例子或詳盡解明。例的形式擁有多性，思程基本是（從例子到

14、點）和推理（從點到例子）。常的表示例關(guān)系的志有：forexample/instance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatis（tosay）thatmeans等。折比關(guān)系:主要指英行文中后句前句構(gòu)成逆關(guān)系。表示折關(guān)系的志有：but,however,yet,while，though，although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead(of),nevertheless(可是),still,contrast/comparison,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,whereas

15、,unlike,in/byratherthan,itistruethat,evenif/though,despite,inspiteof等。因果關(guān)系:主要指前后的句子有著前因結(jié)果也許前果后因等關(guān)系。表示因果關(guān)系的志有：so,therefore,thus，consequently,asaresult(of）,so/suchthat.,sothat，because(of),for,since,as,hence,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inthat,forthisreason等。關(guān)系：前文行加深解。表示關(guān)系的志有：whatsmore,whatsworse,tomakem

16、attersworse,inaddition/additionally,besides，further，furthermore,moreover等。承或序關(guān)系：上下文依照、空、事理或上的序表達的作或有關(guān)情況。志有：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostart/beginwith，inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly等。6.并列或排比關(guān)系：句子共同一個點看法服。志有：and,or,too,also,someo

17、thers,foronething,foranotherthing,neithernor,eitheror,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesameas,likewise,similarly,aswell,notbut,notonly.butalso，等。概括關(guān)系:下文（段首空）或前文（段中或段尾空）行概括。志有：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。例7(解例關(guān)系

18、)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography（密）.37,Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”答案：Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspeltout.例8(折比關(guān)系)（同參例2、例3）ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexercisesearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoufe

19、elphysicallyaswellasmentallytired._However,coffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake.A.So,whatsagoodsleep?B.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp.C.Havingagoodsleepwillkeepyoulivelythewholeday.答案：B此題還可以依照其他邏輯線索或詞匯線索得出答案例9(因果關(guān)系)Thereisnodoubtthat,inanincreasinglycompetitiveenvironment,wea

20、rebetterequippedthanevertocompeteandtowinandwefeelincreasinglyoptimistic._.trading答案：Thisisduetoournowhavingaclearstrategywithafocusonthecustomerandproductimprovement.例10(遞進關(guān)系)Itseemsurgent,thatcommunicationsintransportshouldimproved._Allovercities,itseemsthatpeoplearetootiredandbetoorushedtobepolit

21、e.A.Communicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldalsobekeptsmoothandpolite.B.Yetthisisalltoooftenseen.C.Thepublicshouldobeytherules.答案：A例11(順承或序次關(guān)系)Takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways._Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Th

22、ird,note-takingoffersUsewords,notcompletesentences.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandremember.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.答案：C例12(并列或排比關(guān)系)WarmUp.17Youshouldntevenstarthavingsportsuntilyourealittlewarmedup.Sotak

23、ealightjogtogetloosenedupandreadytoplay.Bywarmingup,yougetyourselfreadytoplay.Warmingupyourmusclesandpracticingasporthelpkeepyousafe,too.KnowtheRulesoftheGame.Trafficlightshelptopreventcrashesbetweenthemanycarsandtrucksthatdriveontheroadstogether.Thisworksbecausedriversknowtherulesandfollowthem-atle

24、astmostofthetime.18Whenplayersknowtherulesofthegame,youandtheotherplayersknowwhattoexpectfromeachother.A.Watchoutforothers.B.Itsthesamewaywithsports.Dontplaywhenyouareinjured.Itsnotagoodideatojustruntothefieldandstartplayingdirectly.答案：17D18B例13(概括關(guān)系)_Everyday,whenshecomesbackhomefromwork,shesetsabo

25、utdoinghousework,sweepingthelivingroomandbedroomsorcleaningthefurniture,andputtingeverythinginorder.Sheseemstobebusyallthetime.Motherneverbuysexpensivedressesforherself,butsheoftenbuyssomeinexpensivebuthighqualityclothesforus.A.Shenevergoestoexpensiverestaurantstoenjoymeals.B.Mymotherishard-workinga

26、ndneverwastesmoney.C.Asamother,shetakesgoodcareofusandgivesuseverycomfort.答案：B解題技巧三：依照詞匯線索解題索主要指利用篇中起接作用的也許上下文以及中重的或構(gòu)。察并利用種擁有啟示性的索，從而能快速準確定正確，也是解答七五型的重要策略之一。詳盡而言，索主要包括以下幾種：代索;數(shù)索;復(fù);同;構(gòu)復(fù)等。代索七五中常的代有：it,one,that,they/them,this/that,these/those,everyone,everybody,each,both,all,many等.英表達中代出的率極高，用于指代前文提及的人

27、、物、事或整句概念。凡在中或空格前后遇到代，就需要考代指代上下文中的什么內(nèi)容，代入后上下文意可否通并切合。代中需要特注意人稱代、指示代以及不定代以及代所指代的名的復(fù)數(shù)與代的。例14：Thenewdesignwaswellreceivedbythereceptionstaffofthehotelchain._答案：Theyallbelievethatitsintroductionhasledtoamodern,moreprofessionalcorporateimageandgreaterconfidenceamongthem.例15：Itisimportant,therefore,weshou

28、ldknowwhatpeopleusingourstoreswantofus._Duringthepasttwoyears,wehavebeenworkinghardtoimprovethestandardofourproductsinboththeseareas.答案：Theresearchmadebythecompanyshowsthat,aboveallelse,customersexpectfashionandvalue.數(shù)索包括詳盡數(shù)字以及和數(shù)字有關(guān)的如ratio,rate等等。作者列出數(shù)字，除了和其他數(shù)字行比和比之外，可以用數(shù)據(jù)來明一個點。例16AsinChina,theweath

29、erisdifferentfromareatoarea.1Thetemperaturescanfallto60,whichis60belowfreezing.Inthecapital,Ottawa,theaverageofwintertemperatureis-10,andinsummer21.2TheaverageJanuarytemperatureis3,andinJulyitis18.A.Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.BThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinter.CIntheNorth,

30、thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowforsixmonths.答案：1C2B詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)即作者在文章上下文不相同的地址對同一個看法進行重復(fù)描述。因此上下文中和正確選項中可能會復(fù)現(xiàn)原詞、同根詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等。例17：Youdontshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyouareasleep，yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou答案：Everyonehasgottwopersonalitiestheonet

31、hatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal例18：_Theimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.AAlwaysloveyourself.BDontallowdoubtstooccurinit.CSelf-imageisyourownmindspictureofyourself

32、.答案：C詞匯同現(xiàn)屬于語義上互有關(guān)系的詞語也許跟此詞匯屬于同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在上下文中同時出現(xiàn)，達到語義連結(jié)的目的。如：school,teacher,student,headmaster,class,test,fail,pass,learn等即可能出現(xiàn)在同一篇和學校有關(guān)的文章中。例19：Certainkeyproductshavebeensubjecttoathoroughreview,mostnotablymenswear,wheresignificantadvanceshavebeenmadeinproductdesignandmanufacture._.Allofthesehavereportedanincreaseinmarketshare.答案：Otherareaswhereproductinnovationhasbeenparticularlyeffectiveareinlingerie,（女士內(nèi)衣）giftsandhomeware.例20Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouth