2019-2020年八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)Unit-2知識(shí)講解及練習(xí)

1、2. cheer歡呼；喝彩2. cheer歡呼；喝彩4. fix 修理；安裝6. disabled有殘疾的8. notice通知；注意10. alone單獨(dú)；單獨(dú)12. blind瞎的；失眠的13.Unit 2 ril help to dean up the city park.一、重點(diǎn)詞匯1. volunteer志愿者；自愿做3. sign標(biāo)志；信號(hào)5. repair修理；修補(bǔ)7. satisfaction 滿足；滿意9. lonely孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的11. deaf 聾的19.19.carry拿；提；扛15. raise募集；征集17. broken破損的；殘缺的imagine 想象；設(shè)想1

2、4. train訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)16. several 幾個(gè)；一些18. change變化；改變20. clever聰明的二、重點(diǎn)短語1. clean up 清掃干凈3. give out5. set up7. call up9. fix up分發(fā)；散發(fā)設(shè)立；建立 打 ；征召維修、修理2. cheer up4. put off6. hand out使振奮、使Wj興推遲分發(fā)8. come up with 想出；提出10. care for照顧；非常喜歡11. take after （外貌或行為）相像12. tryout參加選拔；試用13. setup 建立；設(shè)立14. give away 贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)r

3、un out of用完，用盡，耗盡 16. uesd to曾經(jīng)；過去be similar to 與樣/相似18. at once 馬上；立刻Put up 張貼；舉起20. decide to 決定21. worry about 焦慮；擔(dān)憂22. think about 思考；考慮三、詞句點(diǎn)撥 1. I 11 help clean up the city parks.clean up something (=clean something up)收拾整齊；清掃干凈；整理。如:習(xí)慣句式中的helpCould you help me, please?你能幫助我嗎？May 1 help you? /

4、Can I help you?我可以幫助你嗎？習(xí)慣用語中的helphelp oneself (to) +名詞,意為“請(qǐng)隨便吃”。這是招待客人的常用語，oneself有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Help yourself to some chicken.請(qǐng)隨便吃些雞肉。with the help of sb ,或 with ones help 意為“在某人的幫助下”。這里的with不可用under來代替。With the help of my teacher, I can pass the exam. / With my teacher，s help,I can pass the exam.在老師的幫助下

5、，我能通過這次考試當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 She her mother the dishes last night.A. help to B. helped to C. helps with D. helped withThey told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他們給我講過去的經(jīng)歷，講過去是什么樣子的。used to be在此表示過去一度存在但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)消失的某一特定的情形。作這一用法 時(shí)，used to 常與 be, have, live, stay, like, love 等詞連用，表示“曾，曾經(jīng)”。例如：She u

6、sed to be a very close friend of mine.她曾是我十分貼心的朋友。擴(kuò)展：(1) be used to doing sth.現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于/經(jīng)常做某事”My grandpa is used to going for a walk after dinner.be used to do sth. =be used for doing sth.意思是“被用來做某事”。例如：Knives are used for cutting things.=Knives are is used to cut things.刀子是用來切割東西的。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】I swim in the

7、 lake near my village when I was young.A. is used to B. used to C. be used for【考例】 Our teachers to go to the west of China.A. asked B. are asking C. are askedD. ask【考例】【考例】She【考例】Sheteach history last year , but sheteaching English now.use to ;used to【考例】Sheteach history last year , but sheteaching

8、English now.use to ;used tois used to ;used toC. used to； is used to D. is used to； used to；2019-2020年八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)Unit 2知識(shí)講解及練習(xí)一、根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填空。Would you like to work o.You could g out food at a food bank.We, d like to help h people.You could v in an after-school study program.He looks sad. Let s c him up.

9、二、把A欄與B欄中相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)連接起來。ABhomelessvolunteerdisabledcheerhungerHe broke his leg in the traffic accident and can t walk any more.people who don t have a place to live, and who often live in the streets , without home.the feeling that you want or need to eat .person who performs or offers to perform a servi

10、ce of his or her own free willmake some people feel happier.三、根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。.You could start a(China) History Club. F d like(join) the school volunteer project.Then one day last year, a friend of (I). We can, t put off(make) a plan.He didn t stop(cry) after I cheered him up .A group of student

11、s are(plan) a City Park Clean-Up Day. She always spends time(play) computer games.This volunteer work(take) them several hours a week.He used to be a(train). I, d like to join a(historic) club because I really like Chinese (historic).四、選詞并用適當(dāng)形式填空。clean up set up cheer up write down put off come up w

12、ithWhat are you doing? I m his telephone number.What are they going to do?They are going to a big company.What did they do yesterday? They the beach.What shall we do next? We have to the meeting.What do we need to do?We need to a plan.五、補(bǔ)全以下對(duì)話，每空一詞。I d like 1 the school volunteer 2, but I m not 3 wh

13、at I 4 do .What do you like 5 ?I love 6 football.Well , you could help 7 a football team 8 little kids.I d like to read 9 Chinese history . What kind of volunteer work do you think I could do ?You could 10 a Chinese History Club.六、以Being a volunteer is great!” 為題，寫一篇 6080 字的作文。(DYou should clean up

14、your classroom before you leave it.你們離開教室前應(yīng)該把它清掃干凈。(2)Clean the broken cup up_please.請(qǐng)把摔碎的杯子掃凈。The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.cheer可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。意為“使高興”；“使興奮 cheer up是“高興起 來”的意思。如：(l)He cheered up at once when I promised to help him.當(dāng)我容許幫他時(shí)，他立即就高興起來。The good news

15、 cheered (up) everybody.喜訊使每個(gè)都很高興。The boy could give out food at a food bank.give out有“分發(fā)；發(fā)出；發(fā)表、公布”的意思。如：(DThe teacher asked you to give out papers.老師讓你發(fā)試卷。He gave out an article last week.他上周發(fā)表一篇文章。We need to come up with a e up with在本句中意思為“想出；提出”另外Come up with還有“趕上；跟上； 接近”的意思。如：I hope you can come

16、 up with a better plan than this.我希望你能提出這個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃。We shall have to work hard to come up with them.我們要努力工作趕上他們。We can t put off making a plan.句中的put off意思是“延期；拖延”如：They will put off the meeting until next week.他們將會(huì)議延期到下周。Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.今天能做的事情快不能拖到明天。(今日事今日做)we are g

17、oing to set up a food bank to help hungry people .set up在本句中意思為“建立；成立”或“樹立起來”。如：（DEdison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.愛迪生10歲就建立了他自己的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。Let s set up the tent first.我們先把帳篷搭起來。But I get to spend time doing what I love t o do.句中Get to有兩層意思。（1）到達(dá)（某地、某一時(shí)刻或年歲等）。（2）開始（做某事）。如：（l）IIe

18、got to New York at 9:00 yesterday evening.他昨天晚上九點(diǎn)到達(dá)紐約。（2）Lucy got to lean Chinese hard when she heard the boy s story.露西開努力學(xué)習(xí)語文，她聽完這個(gè)男孩的故事后。四、日常用語：Don t put it off.不要推遲它。Don t put off what can be done today till tomorrow.今日事，今日畢。What do you like doing?你喜歡做什么？I like playing football.我喜歡踢足球。Well, you

19、could help coach a football team for little kids.那好，你可以幫助訓(xùn)練小孩子們的足球隊(duì)。What do you do Jimmy?吉米，你是做什么工作的？I fix up bikes and give them away.我修理自行車并且把它們贈(zèng)送出去。五、知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+巧練V 11 clean up the city parks.我將幫助清掃城市公園。(1. ) clean up是一個(gè)由動(dòng)詞+副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語，它的意思是“把什么清掃干凈”。 如果賓語是名詞，可以放在動(dòng)詞和副詞的之間，也可以放在副詞的后面；如果賓語是代詞, 必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞的之

20、間。例如：Our classroom is dirty, we must clean it up.我們的教室非常臟，我們必須把它清掃干凈。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 Look! Your shoes are very dirty, please.A. clean it up B. clean up it C. clean them up D. clean up themYou could help clean up the city parks.你能幫助清掃城市公園。(1.) 動(dòng)詞短語 help somebody do something = help somebody to do something

21、的意 思是“幫助某人做某事”，也可以用動(dòng)詞短語help somebody with somethingo例如：Can you help me with my English?你能幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎？當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 My mother likes to help me my homework.A. does B. doing C. did D. dor d like to help homeless people.我想幫助那些無家可歸的人。(1.) 句子中的 would like to do something=want to do something = feel like doing som

22、ething,它們的意思是“想要做某事”。例如:We d like to go there by bus.我們想要乘坐公共汽車去那里。(2. ) homeless的意思是“無家可歸的”，它是由名詞home后綴一less構(gòu)成的表示否 定意義的合成詞。例如：care （細(xì)心的）careless （粗心的），hope （有希望的）hopeless （沒有希望的）。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 Some students feel like to school on foot.A. to go B. going C. go D. goesWe could each call up ten people and a

23、sk them to come.我們可以每個(gè)人給十個(gè)人打 并且請(qǐng)他們來。could是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的后面用動(dòng)詞原形，call和ask這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞由連詞and連接, 表示并列關(guān)系。(2)動(dòng)詞短語call up的意思是“打 ”，如果賓語是代詞要放在call up的之間。 例如：Please call me up tomorrow.請(qǐng)明天給我打 。ask somebody to do something的意思是“要某人做某事”，它的否認(rèn)形式是ask somebody not to do somethingo例如：The policeman asked us not to play football on

24、 the road.警察要求我們不要在公路上踢足球。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 Our teacher asked us in the classroom.don t playnot playdon t to playnot to playBeing a volunteer is great.做一名志愿者是很棒的。don t playnot playdon t to playnot to play本句子的being a volunteer作主語，動(dòng)名詞短語在句子中作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人 稱單數(shù)形式。相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，如果動(dòng)詞不定式作主語經(jīng)常用It s +adj + to do stho 本句子可

25、以改為：It s great to be a volunteer.當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 TV too much is bad for your eyes.A. Watch B. Watching C. To watching D. WatchesShe decide to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.她決定去參加一個(gè)志愿者課外閱讀選拔節(jié)目。(1. ) volunteer可以作名詞，它的意思是“志愿者”。例如：We need some volunteers to teach English in the village s

26、chool.我們需要一些志愿者到山區(qū)學(xué)校教英語。(2. ) volunteer還可以作及物動(dòng)詞，它的意思是“自愿獻(xiàn)出”，作不及物動(dòng)詞是“自愿” 的意思。例如：Would you like to volunteer your time to help us?你愿意自愿獻(xiàn)出你的時(shí)間來幫助我們嗎？當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 Somearetheir time to help the old people during their vacation.A. volunteer; volunteerB. volunteers; volunteeringC. volunteering; volunteersC. vo

27、lunteering; volunteersC. volunteering; volunteersD. volunteers; volunteersShe could read by herself at the age of four.C. volunteering; volunteersD. volunteers; volunteers她在四歲時(shí)就能單獨(dú)看書了。(1 ) by + oneself獨(dú)立地；單獨(dú)地(強(qiáng)調(diào)自己本身)如：Children should learn to do things by themselves.孩子們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立做事。She learns English by

28、 herself. 她自學(xué)英語。by是一個(gè)介詞，后跟名詞，名詞性短語，V-ing。by + doing的意思是“通過做某事的方式來完成”，by是介詞，它的后面可以用表示 交通工具的名詞。例如：by bus, by bike .當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】We are learning English by the tape every day.A. listen B. listening C. listen to D. listening toNot only do we feel good about helping other people, but we get to spend time doin

29、g what love to do.我們不僅從幫助別人當(dāng)中獲得快樂，而且我們也可以逐步花時(shí)間做我們?cè)敢庾龅氖虑椤?1.)本句子的連詞not only. but also的意思是“不但而且”，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。如果 連接兩個(gè)主語的時(shí)候，謂語動(dòng)詞和also后面的主語保持一致。Not only放在句子開頭的時(shí)候連接兩個(gè)句子，要用倒裝形式，用助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成倒裝形式。 例如：Not only did I say so, but also I did so.我不僅這樣說，也這樣做了。(2.)主語+spend+時(shí)間或者金錢 + (in) doing sth.表示“某人花時(shí)間、金錢做某事”的意思。例如：He sp

30、ends too much time (in) playing computer games.他花太多時(shí)間在電腦游戲上。(3)主語+spend時(shí)間或者金錢on sth.表示“在上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢”例如：I spend 200 Yuan on the new bike.我花了 200元買這輛新自行車。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 My little brother often spends two hours TV at home every night.A. watchingB. watchC. to watchD. watchedA. watchingB. watchC. to watchD. watch

31、ed9 I m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.set up建起，設(shè)立。The building was set up in our city.be sure=make sure,它的意思是“確信”，它的后面可以跟賓語從句：be sure that +句子，也可以用be sure to do sth 。be sure of/ about sth.的意思是“對(duì)某事有把握”。例如：He is sure of his success.他對(duì)他的成功有把握。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】 【考例】 Make sure【考例】 Make surebefore nine o clock.getting backto get backget back【考例】 Make surebefore nine o clock.getting backto get backget backto getOur class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.(1)本句子的is tiding是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示一直正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be + V