中考英語語法專題現(xiàn)在完成時教案

1、 中考英語語法專題現(xiàn)在完成時教案目標(biāo): 1.了解現(xiàn)在完成時的含義和結(jié)構(gòu)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)別 3.短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變 4.會根據(jù)語境判斷解決現(xiàn)在完成時相關(guān)題目重點(diǎn): 1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義和結(jié)構(gòu)2.短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)別難點(diǎn):1. 短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變since和for的使用課前檢測：1.【2012廣東省考】Our English teacher is very nice. We _ friends since three years ago. A. were B. became C. have been D. have made2

2、.【2013廣東省考】Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair? Because I _ all my money on an MP5. A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending3.【2014廣東省考】 What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson? Pretty good. I think he _ a great job so far. A. does B. did C. has done D. was d

3、one4.【2015廣東省考】LeiFeng_formanyyears,buthisspiritisstillencouragingus. A. died B. hasdied C. wasdeadD. hasbeendead5.【2016廣東省考】School violence_ much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.A. drew B. will draw C. has drawn D.

4、 was drawing含義1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果。Eg: 1. Have you finished your homework yet? Yes, Ive just finished it. （對現(xiàn)在的影響：已經(jīng)完成，不用在做了） 2. I have lost my key.(現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響：我的鑰匙丟了，找不到了)2. 表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去已經(jīng)開始、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。Eg: 1. I have lived in Beijing for 5 years.（持續(xù)的狀態(tài)：五年來一直居住在這里，并有可能繼續(xù)居住下去）2. I have learne

5、d English since 5 years ago.（持續(xù)的狀態(tài)：五年來一直在學(xué)習(xí)英語，并可能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)）時間狀語常用的時間狀語有：just, already, yet，ever, never, before, recently, lately, so far, in/over the past few years, for+一段時間，since+時間點(diǎn)/時間段+ago/句子等。1. 比較since和forSince 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。即since+時間點(diǎn)，for+時間段，謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。I have lived here for more th

6、an twenty years.My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.注意：1. since+從句，從句的謂語動詞需要用一般過去時。時間段+ago是時間點(diǎn)。（如10 years ago ）并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

7、 I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。) 【例題專練】用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ 2 years. 2. Jill has been in Sydney _ he was a middle school student. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days ago. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an indepe

8、ndent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.2.already和yetalready用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問句。already的肯定句變疑問句或否定句時，將already變成yet放在句末。 Have you had breakfast yet?(已經(jīng)）-No,I havent had breakfast yet.（還沒）-Havent you finished your homework yet? 疑問句-yes,Ive already finished it. 肯定回答 -No,

9、I havent finished it yet. 否定回答 練習(xí)：Have you watered all the flowers _? Yes, I have _ done it.A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet D. already; already3.ever和never帶ever的肯定句變否定句時，要把ever變?yōu)閚ever，疑問句的否定回答可用“No,never.” Have you ever been to Beijing?-Yes,Ive ever been to Beijing. 肯定回答-No,never. 否定回答=N

10、o,Ive never been to Beijing. 基本句型構(gòu)成形式： 助動詞have / has + done動詞的過去分詞 HYPERLINK /view/314131.htm t /_blank 肯定句：主語+has/have + done+其它. HYPERLINK /view/312417.htm t /_blank 否定句：主語+has/have +not+ done+其它. HYPERLINK /view/935953.htm t /_blank 一般疑問句：Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 答語：Yes, 主語+has/have. / No,主語+hasnt/h

11、avent特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+has/ have+主語+done+其它? 1肯定句： I have seen the film. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。否定句： I havent seen the film. 我沒看過這部電影。一般疑問句： Have you seen the film? 你看過這部電影了嗎？回答： Yes, I have. 是的，我看過了。 No, I havent. 不，我沒看過。特殊疑問句： What have you done? 你已經(jīng)做了什么？2肯定句： He has finished the task. 他已經(jīng)完成了任務(wù)。否定句： He hasnt finishe

12、d the task. 他還沒有完成任務(wù)。一般疑問句： Has he finished the task? 他已經(jīng)完成任務(wù)了嗎？回答： Yes, he has. 是的，他完成了。 No, he hasnt. 不，他沒有完成。特殊疑問句： What has he finished? 他完成了什么？（二）have/ has been to與 have/ has gone to及have/ has been in區(qū)別have/ has been to + 某地， 到過某地，說話時人已經(jīng)回來了。have /has gone to + 某地， 說明去了某地， 說話時人還沒回來。have/ has bee

13、n in+某地，呆在某地多久如：I have been to Beijing twice. 他去過北京兩次。 Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪兒？ He has gone to the library? 他去圖書館了。 I have been in Beijing for 20 years.我在北京已經(jīng)住了20年了。注意：地點(diǎn)副詞there,here,home,abroad,somewhere,everywhere,anywhere,nowhere等前不加介詞。當(dāng)have/ has been to與 have/ has gone to及have/ has been in后跟地點(diǎn)副詞時，應(yīng)把

14、介詞to和in去掉。 I have ever been there before. He has gone abroad since last week.短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞(1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去某個時候開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而與一段時間連用時應(yīng)注意句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，非延續(xù)性動詞不可以和一段時間連用。我離開家鄉(xiāng)已有10年了。誤: I have left my hometown for 10 years正: I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.我買這本書已有兩天了。誤: I have bought this book

15、 for two days. 正: I have had this book for two days. (2)在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞可與一段時間連用。I havent gone to see him for several months.我已經(jīng)好幾個月沒去看他了。(3)短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化 短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞diebe deadborrowkeepbuy/catchhaveget upbeupcome/gobeinfinishbeoverleavebeawayopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeonput onwearmarrybe marrie

16、djoinbe inwake upbe awakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havearrive/reachbe口訣：since+點(diǎn)，for+段，had,been,kept來搗亂。（現(xiàn)在完成時題目中，看到since+時間點(diǎn)，for+時間段時，看選項中有have/has+had,been,kept即可直接選。）例.1. our new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?In April. I _ it for two months.have had B. had C. have bought D. bought2.The b

17、oy misses his parents very muchSo he doesThey _ the hometown for nearly two yearsA.have leftB.will leaveC.have been away fromD.left小竅門：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動詞在完成時中的誤使。1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying i

18、t now.2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years.= Harry got married six years ago, and is still getting married now.練習(xí)（把下列句子改成現(xiàn)在完成時）1.He left his hometown 3 years ago.He has _ _ _ his hometown _ 3 years .2.They bought a house in 2012.They _ _a house _2012.3.Shao Yifu, the famous film maker, died in

19、January, 2014.Shao Yifu, the famous film maker, has_ _ _ January, 2014.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時基本含義1.過去某一不確定的時間發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.過去開始的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)1.在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作。2.表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例子I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）I have been in Beijing 20 years.（已經(jīng)在北京住了20年，現(xiàn)在仍在北京居?。?.I saw this film

20、yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了）I lived in Beijing 20 years ago.（過去在北京居住，不涉及現(xiàn)在）時間標(biāo)志詞never,ever,just,already,yet,before,recently,once,twice,for,sinceyesterday,last week,ago,the other day, in 1982, before, recently等共同點(diǎn)動作都發(fā)生在過去不同點(diǎn)過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在，屬于過去時態(tài)的范疇；現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范疇。六、練習(xí)1. William Shakespeare _

21、 for 400 years，but his works still have great influence todaydiedB. was dyingC. has diedD. has been dead2.Where are the flowers?You see, someone _ them to the window.movesB. had movedC. has movedD. would move3.Mom，I want to watch The legend of Miyue（羋月傳）on China 8 tonightOh，dear，it _ for a few minut

22、esCome on!has begunB. will beginC. has been onD. will be onThis medicine _millions of peoples lives since it was put into useis savingB. will saveC. has savedD. had saved5.Over 100 countries and organizations _warm support to the Belt and Road initiative（倡議） since 2013Wonderful! Our circle of friend

23、s is growing bigger!giveB. have givenC. gaveD. will give6.Frank，where is your father？He isnt at home nowHe _New Yorkhas gone toB. has been toC. goes toD. will go7.Look! Your teacher Miss White is over thereNo，it cant be herShe _ to Beijinghas goneB. has beenC. wentD. will go8.What do you think of yo

24、ur hometown，Kate？It _ a lotIts more beautiful than beforehas changedB. changesC. will changeD. changeHow long_ you_ in，Liping，Mr greenSince last monthdid； comeB. do；comeC. have，comeD. have，been10.Long time no see! I think you _ a lot.Yes. I used to be quiet, but now Im outgoing.will changeB. were ch

25、angingC. are changedD. have changed課后作業(yè)一、單選1. How is your father? I _ him for a long time. He is fine, but busy.A: havent seenB: didnt see C: hadnt seenD: dont see2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter.A: has cleaned B: had cleanedC: is cleaning D: will clean3. How many

26、times _ you _ to Beijing this year? Three times.A: have, been B: had, beenC: have, gone D: had gone4. Oh, Mrs. King, your dress looks nice. Is it new? No, I _ it since two years agoA: hadB: boughtC: have hadD: have bought5. The film _ for half an hour.A: has begunB: has been begunC: has been onD: be

27、gan6. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A: has lentB: has borrowedC: has bought D: has had7. How long has the foreigner _ here? He has _ here for several hoursA: arrived; comeB: come; gotC: stayed; beenD: left; been away8. His sister _ her hometown since three years ago. Shell return next yearA: le

28、ftB: has leftC: has been awayD: has been from9. Have you ever_ to Haikou? Yes, I_ there with my family last August.A: gone; wentB: been; wentC: been; went toD: been; was in10. Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice.A: have been B: has beenC: have goneD: has gone11. We have lived here _ five years ago.

29、A: whenB: sinceC: beforeD: after12. Youve never seen such a wonderful film before，_?A: havent you B: have youC: do youD: dont you13. Wheres Peter？ He _ to NanjingA: is goingB: has beenC: has goneD: went14. How long have you _ this new dictionary?A: boughtB: borrowedC: hadD: lent15. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Hong Kong with my friends.A: been；goneB: been；beenC: gone；beenD: gone；gone短文填空 I HYPERLINK am Jackie Lee, an American Chinese. Let me tell you about my grandfathers life story.21*cMy