(鹽城專版)2020中考英語復(fù)習(xí)方案第二篇語法專題突破專題(九)構(gòu)詞法課件

1、專題（九）構(gòu)詞法第二篇語法專題突破專題（九）第二篇語法專題突破考點一派生法英語構(gòu)詞法中在詞根前面或后面加詞綴,從而構(gòu)成一個新詞的方法叫作派生法。加在詞根前的詞綴叫前綴,加在詞根后的詞綴叫后綴。1. 前綴(1)表否定意義的前綴前綴含義例詞un-不 happyunhappy(不高興的) friendlyunfriendly(不友好的) usualunusual(不尋常的) ableunable(不能的) popularunpopular(不流行的)考點一派生法英語構(gòu)詞法中在詞根前面或后面加詞綴,從而構(gòu)前綴含義例詞in-不 activeinactive(不積極的) correctincorrect(

2、不正確的) expensiveinexpensive(不貴的)im-不 politeimpolite(不禮貌的) patientimpatient(沒有耐心的) possibleimpossible(不可能的)dis-不 likedislike(不喜歡) appeardisappear(消失) agreedisagree(不同意)non-不;非 smokernon-smoker(非吸煙者) humannon-human(非人類的) nativenon-native(非母語的;非本地的)前綴含義例詞in-不 activeinactive(不積極(2)其他前綴含義例詞mis-錯誤;失誤 under

3、standmisunderstand(誤解) leadmislead(誤導(dǎo)) behaviormisbehavior(行為不端)re-又;再;重新 viewreview(復(fù)習(xí)) writerewrite(重寫)inter-相互;交互在一起 netInternet(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)) nationalinternational(國際的) connectinterconnect(相互關(guān)聯(lián))(2)其他前綴含義例詞mis-錯誤; understand前綴含義例詞tele-遠 phonetelephone(電話) visiontelevision(電視)en-使可能 richenrich(使豐富) ableena

4、ble(使能夠)a-使處于情況 livealive(活著的) wakeawake(醒著的) sleepasleep(睡著的)前綴含義例詞tele-遠 phonetelephone(電2. 后綴形式后綴例詞形容詞副詞+-ly widewidelyquietquietly sadsadly slowslowly以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞,變y為i,再加-ly happyhappily angryangrily以“輔音字母+le”結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加-y simplesimply terribleterribly少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉e,再加-ly truetruly2. 后綴形式后

5、綴例詞形容詞+-ly widewidel形式后綴例詞名詞形容詞+-y rainrainy healthhealthy wealthwealthy lucklucky+-ly weekweekly lovelovely friendfriendly+-ous dangerdangerous+-ful carecareful useuseful helphelpful+-less useuseless helphelpless carecareless形式后綴例詞名詞+-y rainrainy 形式后綴例詞名詞形容詞+-ern westwestern southsouthern+-en goldg

6、oldenwoodwooden+-al nationnational其他 ChinaChinese FranceFrench AmericaAmerican CanadaCanadian AsiaAsian centrecentral 形式后綴例詞名詞+-ern westwestern+-形式后綴例詞動詞形容詞+-ed disappointdisappointed interestinterested +-ing followfollowing interestinteresting+-tive actactivecreatecreative+-able enjoyenjoyable comf

7、ortcomfortable suitsuitable形式后綴例詞動詞+-ed disappointdisap形式后綴例詞形容詞名詞+-ness illillness sadsadness kindkindness+-y difficultdifficulty+-ity ableability possiblepossibility +-ce(以t結(jié)尾的形容詞去t,再加-ce) importantimportance silentsilence differentdifference形式后綴例詞形容詞+-ness illillness 形式后綴例詞動詞名詞+-er teachteacher w

8、inwinner workworker+-or actactor visitvisitor directdirector+-ion inviteinvitation decidedecision+-ment developdevelopmentmovemovement+-ing fishfishing readreading hearhearing+-ist artartistpianopianisttourtourist sciencescientist其他serve(v.)service(n.) courage(n.)encourage(v.)hot(adj.)heat(n.) safe(

9、adj.)safety(n.)high(adj.)height(n.)highly(adv.)形式后綴例詞動詞+-er teachteacher w考點二合成法英語中由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫作合成法。常見的合成法如下：(1)合成名詞classroom(名詞+名詞)blackboard(形容詞+名詞)(2)合成形容詞worldwide(名詞+形容詞)good-looking(形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞)(3)合成動詞overcome(副詞+動詞)考點二合成法英語中由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞,這(4)合成數(shù)詞fifty-four(數(shù)詞+數(shù)詞)(5)合成代詞everybody, s

10、omebody, anything(代詞+名詞)(6)合成副詞downstairs(副詞+名詞)whole-heartedly(形容詞+副詞)(7)合成介詞inside(介詞+名詞)within(介詞+介詞)into(介詞+介詞)(4)合成數(shù)詞fifty-four(數(shù)詞+數(shù)詞)考點三轉(zhuǎn)化法英語中把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性,這種構(gòu)詞法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切。常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式有：名詞動詞,形容詞動詞,動詞名詞。(1)名詞動詞show(n.展覽;展示)show(v.表演;展出)water(n.水)water(v.澆水)speed(n.速度)speed(v.加速)

11、(2)形容詞動詞slow(adj.慢的)slow(v.放慢)考點三轉(zhuǎn)化法英語中把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性(3)動詞名詞walk(v.散步;走)walk(n.散步)look(v.看)look(n.看)talk(v.談話)talk(n.談話)rest(v.休息)rest(n.休息)break(v.打破)break(n.休息)(3)動詞名詞考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Emilys mother didnt allow her to watch her favourite programme Running Man and it made her (happy).2.Im

12、 glad to hear that my favourite (sing) has come to our city.3. Are your parents in (agree) that you can deal with it by yourself?4. This dress is (expensive). It will not cost you much.5. Its (possible) to separate Diaoyu Islands from China.6. I bought the computer (simple) because it was cheap.unha

13、ppysingeragreementinexpensiveimpossiblesimply考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。unhappys7. The Bruce family had to give up camping in the Purple Mountain on such a (fog) day.8. If you do (care) in the test, you wont get high marks.9. We shall never make such an important (decide) without much thought.10. Not all

14、 (wealth) people have to wear expensive clothes and not all clever people have to wear glasses.11. For your (safe), smoking is not allowed during the whole flight.foggycarelesslydecisionwealthysafety考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練7. The Bruce family had to giv12. Blue is a (peace) colour. People often feel quiet in blue rooms.13. As a guide, I must pay attention to all the (tour) safety during their trip.14. Easton LaChappelle, a 19-year-old (invent), built an arm by developing most of the parts through a 3-