春季高考英語語法專項復習-非謂語動詞(共33張)課件

1、非謂語動詞考綱解讀1非謂語動詞考綱解讀1非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式2非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式2動詞不定式與分詞一般說來，動詞不定式表主動、將來；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行；過去分詞表被動、完成。3動詞不定式與分詞一般說來，動詞不定式表主動、將來；31.謂語動詞：概述：2. 非謂語動詞：在句子中擔任謂語的動詞 是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。非謂語動詞使用條件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her sea

2、t.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.41.謂語動詞：概述：2. 非謂語動詞：在句子中擔任謂語的動詞動詞不定式（The Infinitive）一. 動詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號to加動詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動式：to be done 完成式：to have done二. 動詞不定式的句法作用法動詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。5動詞不定式（The Infinitiv

3、e）一. 動詞不定式的(1)作主語 不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 謂語 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor.6(1)作主語 不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。To句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to d

4、o sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的） （ Kind/nice/good/clever）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak

5、to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.7句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to d常見動詞有：(2)作賓語 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget,

6、 mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做賓語1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He ha

7、d promised _ ( give ) me a hand.8常見動詞有：(2)作賓語 I want to know thrememberforgetregret+to dodoingremember/forget/regret+to do :記得/忘記/后悔去做某事 (未做)remember/forget/regret+ doing :記得/忘記/后悔做過某事 (已做)9remember+to doremember/forgettrymeanstopgo on+to dodoing+to do 做另一件事情（已經(jīng)完成一件工作） +doing 做同一件事（還沒完成)mean to do 打

8、算，想mean doing 意味著10try+to do+to do 做另一件事情（已經(jīng)完成一件(3)作賓語補足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him11(3)作賓語補足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系advise

9、 allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wishobligewant warn remindpromise permitpersuade requestsb. to do(3)作賓語補足語12advise allow ask sb. to do(3)作see watch hearlisten to feelnotice+sb. +dodoing donemake lethave(3)作賓語補足語13see +sb. +domake let(3)作賓語補足語sb. beseen watched looke

10、d atheardlistened to feltnoticed+to do madelet14sb. beseen +to do made142).Ioftenhearthemsingthissong. Iwouldhavehimwaitformeforalongtime. 注意：當這類動詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，其后的不定式則要加上“to”如： He is often heard _ the song.Hewasseen_theroom. to singtoenter152).Ioftenhearthemsingthis4. it作形式賓語I find/feel to work with him

11、interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。 主語+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.164. it作形

12、式賓語I find/feel to work 三.動名詞的功用1.可作主語Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingIts a waste of time copying others homework.There

13、is no joking about the matter.動名詞（gerund）17三.動名詞的功用1.可作主語Seeing is belie2.可作賓語 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些動詞后要求用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的這類動詞有：避免錯過 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建議完成 (多) 練習 suggest / advise finish practise喜歡想象 禁不住 enjoy/appre

14、ciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承認 否定 (與) 嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脫 冒險 (莫) 原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在動詞advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我們不準人們在這兒釣魚。 People are not allowed to fis

15、h here. 人們不準在這兒釣魚。182.可作賓語 S. + vt.+ doingHave ydoing主動表被動: want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + be worth (值得)使用動名詞作賓語時，用主動形式表達被動含義to be done使用不定式作賓語時，依然用被動形式表達被動含義 The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). This pair of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question

16、is well worth (discuss)19doing主動表被動: w分詞：Participles一 分詞的概述1. 分詞是“非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn) 在分詞（Present Participle）和過去分詞（Past Participle）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語。20分詞：Participles一 分詞的概述1. 分詞是“非謂現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動Do you know the woman talki

17、ng to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water總之，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行；過去分詞表被動、完成。21現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。（1）前置定語Make less noise. Theres a s

18、leeping child.We only sell used books.我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing.上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。22二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修（3）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成

19、，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday昨天討論的問題（既表示被動也表示完成）the fallen leaves落下的樹葉(只表示完成，不表示被動)2、作表語現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，過去分詞表示“感到”. 分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：She was too frightened to move.她被嚇得一動不動。What you said is really inspiring.你所說的真令從鼓舞。23（3）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表3、作賓語補足

20、語可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street. We found the boy sleeping. A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . I found them painting the windows. （現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行）I found the windows p

21、ainted. （過去分詞表被動、完成）243、作賓語補足語可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, wa現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別四、作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 25現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別四、作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad news26Hearing the bad news, When thGiven more attention, the trees could have grown bett