熱點32 確保道路安全及其重要性

1、備戰(zhàn)2021年高考英語考前時事熱點話題閱讀熱點32確保道路安全及其重要性一、閱讀理解1Road traffic crashes kill 1.25 million people each year worldwide. The statistics are part of the “Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015”. The report surveyed 180 countries, and it shows the number of an nual deaths from traffic crashes is stabilizing （穩(wěn)

2、定）.And that is good news as the number of motor vehicles grow worldwide. But the data also show that road crashes are the NO.1cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29. Young adults around the world are the worst driving risks. Even in the U.S.drivers aged 15 to 24. account for about 30 percen

3、t of all driving-elated accidents .But the World Health Organization（WHO） says they are preventable.The WHO report also finds a big gap in road safety and deaths between poor and rich countries Poor countries have only 54 percent of the worlds vehicles. But those countries have some of the worst saf

4、ety statistics in the report. “Africa has only two percent of the worlds vehicles, but has the highest death rate on the road,” says Etienne Krug. The head of the WHO Department of Non-communicable Diseases. Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom are leaders in preventing traffic deaths.Stro

5、nger road safety laws and stricter vehicle safety requirements in developing countries would prevent many accidents .Laws can quickly influence driving behavior. In only three years. 17 countries became safer by putting tougher road safety laws into effect. Some of those laws include banning drunk d

6、riving ,requiring cyclists and motorcycle drivers to wear helmets and making safety belts mandatory（強(qiáng)制性的）in all vehicles. Good injury care after a crash can cut the number of deaths from road injuries in half. Of course, there are also many other ways to make roads safer.What does the underlined wor

7、d “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to?Motor vehiclesB. The statisticsC. Traffic crashesD. Young driversWhat can be inferred from Paragraph 2?People in developed countries are very skilled at driving.Africa has to take some measures to prevent traffic deaths.The Netherlands has done the best in avoiding t

8、raffic accidents.Poor countries need to buy fewer cars to reduce traffic accidents.What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the text?Suggestions on good injury care.More ways to make roads safer.The number of deaths from accidents.Other road safety laws in poor countries.Wha

9、t is the text mainly about?The danger of driving alone.The ways to avoid road accidents.The No.1 killer among the youth.The importance of helmets in driving cars.2Drivers who drive a little too close to cyclists on the road could soon be caught on the spot. A new technology adopted by legal departme

10、nts in Ottawa could help carry out legal distance between bikers and cars on the road.The device, which is fixed on a bicycles handlebars like a bike bell, uses sonar（ 聲吶）technology to measure the distance between the bike and passing cars. The device will make a loud noise if the car is within one

11、meter of the bike, the legal limit in the city of Ottawa, allowing the police rider to radio ahead to his colleagues so that the driver can be pulled over. “The safety of all road users is extremely vital, including cyclists. These cycling ch anges are directed at encouraging cycling, promoting road

12、 safety, and sharing the road,” said Rob Wilkinson, coordinator of the Safer Roads Ottawa Program.The authorities started the program last week with a single sonar device. One police officer rode the bike bearing the device around the city on Tuesday to prove the effectiveness（ 有效性）of the technology

13、. Within a few minutes of riding, the device was beeping, registering that two drivers had violated the one-meter distance requirement. The drivers were pulled over and given brochures informing them that they had broken the safe distance law.Wilkinson noted that the device is not currently being us

14、ed to issue fines, which can go up to $110, and that there are no plans to use it for enforcement（ 執(zhí)法）in the future. At this point, its main use is to spread awareness about the safe distance law, which was passed last September in an effort to encourage rider safety and reduce deadly crashes.What w

15、ill happen if the safe distance is beyond the legal limit?The cyclist will soon be caught on the spot.The police will make the driver stop by the road.The driver will be arrested for driving too fast.The device will at once call the police of itself.Whafs the main purpose of using the device?To make

16、 the bicycle attractive.B. To encourage people to walk.C. To guarantee road safety.D. To warn drivers of danger.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “beeping” in paragraph 3?Making a loud noise.B. Receiving an urgent message.C. Sending a stop signal.D. Radioing the police rider.Wha

17、t does Wilkinson say about the device?It is being developed at present.B. It still has room for improvement.C. It may be used to fine drivers later.D. It helps reduce traffic accidents.3The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways and roads, in an attempt to

18、 check speeding and careless driving , and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer. We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,” Indias transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.The visual illusions （幻象）are supposed to enc

19、ourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles.India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Org

20、anisation, over 200,00 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This is considerably higher than its official figures of 141,526 for 2014.The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of

21、 a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings.In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter ha

22、ve painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say their motto is “to increase the attention of drivers”，and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed bre

23、akers are visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that Indias decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.According to the passage, 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers in In

24、dia aims to.Replace all speed breakers from highways.Encourage essential requirements of speed breakers.Check speeding and careless driving on all highways.Remind divers to speed down voluntarily for road safety.What caused the high number of road accident deaths in India?Speeding motorists.B. Float

25、ing 3D crossings.C. Free use of visual illusions.D. Bad application of traffic laws.The author explains the experiment of 3D zebra crossings in India by.giving examples.B.analysing causes.C. providing figures.D.making comparisons.Whafs the authors attitude towards 3D zebra crossings?A. subjective.B.

26、objective.C. supportive.D.critical.4The number of accidents involving pedestrians (彳行人)wearing headphones is on the rise, a report suggests, causing fresh warning from road safety groups in Britain.A US-based study found a total of 116 reports of death or injury to pedestrians wearing headphones bet

27、ween 2004 and 2011, jumping from 16 in 2005 to 47 in 2011.Most victims were men (68%) and under the age of 30 (67%), with around one in ten of all cases (9%) under the age of 18.Some 89% of the cases occurred in urban areas and more than half (55%) of the victims were struck by trains .Eighty-one of

28、 the 116 accidents （70%） resulted in the persons death even though a warning was sounded in around a third of the cases.The study concluded, “The use of headphone may be a safety risk to pedestrians , especially in environments with moving vehicles（ cars）. Further research is needed to determine if

29、and how headphone use threatens pedestrian safety.” British road safety groups warned pedestrians to be careful.Floor Lieshout, director of Youth For Road Safety, said, “ This study shows once more the importance of using all of our senses while we are near traffic. It is important that we find an a

30、ttractive way to make youth learn about the risks of wearing headphones in traffic.”Andrew Howard , who is the head of road safety at the Automobile Association, added that some pedestrians can be “so focused in their own little world they forget the world going on around them”. That can include hea

31、dphone wearers, Howard said, but also people talking on phones.However, Howard said that more researches needed to be done.Earlier studies have shown that people wearing headphones or talking on phones can suffer “inattentional blindness” which makes them isolated （孤立）from the world around them .Ian

32、 Harvey, at the charity Civic Voice, said that “ to defeat isolation and to help build a civic（文明的）society, people need to interact（交往）with each other .He said, “ A basis for any civilized society is communication Surfing the web, listening to MP3s, reading blogs or sending e-mail is not interacting

33、 with a person; its interacting with a machine.“If people feel socially isolated, they need to have more face-to-face interactions with other human beings and in time, will begin to feel happier and more connected to the world and place they live in.”What does the text mainly discuss?Safety problems

34、 caused by wearing headphones.Recent research on the risks to pedestrians .The advantages and disadvantages of headphones.Traffic accidents in the United States.We can learn from the Us-bases study that.most accidents were caused by carsmost victims died in the accidentsmost accidents happened in th

35、e countrysidemost victims are under eighteenHoward will probably agree that.it is safe if you wear headphones in a proper wayit is dangerous to talk on phones while walkingmost people wear headphones because of lonelinesspeople wearing headphones are more likely to go blindWhat Lan Harvey said shows

36、 the importance of.beating isolationB. new technologiesC. building a civilized societyD. communication between people5We are fortunate to live in a city that encourages bicycling as a means of transportation.Our local government has promoted bicycling by improving bike lanes and increasing the numbe

37、r of them. The growing number of cyclists, however, brings this question to mind: should bicyclists be required to share the responsibilities of the road? Automobile drivers have to take competency tests, follow established regulations, and accept punishment for breaking rules. The city requests dri

38、vers to register and license their vehicles to ensure accountability （責(zé)任）. Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held accountable, too.Lets look at what sharing the road means. For one thing, it should involve cost sharing.Auto registration and license fees are used, in part, for building and

39、 maintaining roadways. It seems only reasonable to ask bicyclists to contribute to transportation funding as well.More importantly,sharing the road includes accountability. When drivers ignore the rules of the road, the police and other motorists have the opportunity to identify them by their licens

40、e plate number and report their offenses （違法行為）。This isnt true for bicyclists. Ive seen bicyclists moving quickly between lanes.Because they show no identification, they feel protected by anonymity（匿名）。What good would it do to report to the police “I saw a guy on a red bike blow through the stopligh

41、t? The simple act of making bicyclists identifiable would encourage safer, more responsible riding.Of course,Ive heard arguments against asking cyclists to register and license their bikes. Some people mightsay, “Little kids ride bikes. Would you require a six-year-old rider to take a test and pay a

42、 fee? Obviously, the city could determine an age when cycling would be considered a means of transportation on public roads. Other people argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes dont damage the roadways as cars do. Bicycle registration fees could be comparatively modest, and the method for

43、displaying a license number could be simple.Many U.S. cities and towns now implement bike registration and licensing. A statute（法規(guī)）from one. California town states that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpose, antitheft and safety. Im eager to see more bicyclists on the road, and Im hoping

44、for riders who take their responsibilities seriously.To advocate responsible cycling, the author suggestsincreasing the number of bike lanesgiving competency tests to all cyclistsidentifying cyclists through registrationreporting cycling offenses more frequentlyWhat is the authors purpose in writing

45、 Paragraph 4?To explain how bicycle registration and licensing work.To provide solutions to reduce irresponsible cycling of kids.To respond to peoples doubts about holding cyclists accountable.To argue against requiring cyclists to register and license their bicycles.What argumentative methods are u

46、sed in this article?Using examplesQuoting professionalsComparing and contrastingAppealing to readers emotions TOC o 1-5 h z Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?Should we encourage more cycling in the city?Should cyclists register and license their bikes?What does sharing t

47、he road mean to cyclists?How can road safety be guaranteed for cyclists?6“An Uber self -driving car hit and killed a woman crossing the street in Arizona , U. S. , police said on Monday, marking the first death caused by an autonomous vehicle and a potential blow to the technology expected to transf

48、orm transportation. The ride services company said it was delaying North American tests of its self-driving vehicles, which are currently going on in Arizona, Pittsburgh and Toronto. So-called robot cars, when fully developed by companies including Uber, are expected to thoroughly cut down on motor

49、vehicle deaths and create billion-dollar businesses. But Mondays accident highlighted （凸顯）the possible challenges ahead for the promising technology as the cars face real-world situations involving real people. “This catastrophic accident highlights why we need to be exceptionally cautious when test

50、ing and applying autonomous vehicle technologies to public roads, said Edward Markey, a member of the transportation committee, in a statement.“Elaine Herzberg, 49, was walking her bicycle outside the crosswalk on a four-lane road in the Phoenix suburb of Tempe at about 10 p. m. MST Sunday when she

51、was struck by the Uber vehicle traveling at about 65 kilometers per hour，police said. The car was in autonomous mode with an operator behind the wheel. U. S. federal safety officials were sending teams to investigate the crash. Canadas transportation ministry in Ontario , where Uber conducts testing

52、, also said it was reviewing the accident. “Uber and Waymo on Friday urged Congress to pass a law to speed the introduction of self-driving cars into the united states. However , some congressional（國 會的Representatives have blocked the legislation over safety concerns, and Mondays death could hamper

53、passage of the bill，congressional assistants said Monday.21. According to the passage, which is the effect of the accident of the womans being killed?A. People will be cautious while crossing a road. B. The womans family will obtain a billion dollars. C. The process of transforming transportation wi

54、ll be affected. D. Self-driving vehicles will cut down on motor vehicles deaths. 22. The underlined word“hamperin Paragraph 6 most probably mean.A. makeB. preventC. startD. accelerate23. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To arouse the public concerns over a self-driving safety. B. T

55、o remind car producers to be more careful when testing vehicles technology. C. To advise the Congress to pass a law to speed self-driving cars test in the U. S. D. To urge the U. S. federal safety regulators to take measures to look into the accident.7The familiar yellow school bus is the largest sy

56、stem of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school days end. Meanwhile it is the safest method for getting kids to and from school according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Admission.Children are 70 t

57、imes more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they travel to school driving themselves or riding with friends.These school buses meet more of the nations motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road. Also, several new technologies available today are mak

58、ing school buses even safer, such as video cameras on the inside and outside, GPS tracking and crash lessening systems. Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs, closely-spaced seats and energy-absorbing seats.But even the security of school buses would not completely sum up why childr

59、en are safer when riding the big yellow bus. The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them. All drivers must be equipped with a Class B or C Commercial Drivers License. They are randomly （隨機(jī)地）tested for alcohol and drugs, usually have their driving record checked and are g

60、iven the same review of criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students. In order to serve as a school bus driver, most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instructions in the classroom and behind the wheel.School buses are s