21世紀大學實用英語綜合教育教案第二冊Unit1

1、教案授課單元21世紀大學實用英語綜合教程第二冊Unit1教學時本（章）節(jié)課堂講SW）實踐課（）授課方式教學時Afterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedtomasterthebasiclanguageandskillsnecessarytoaskforandgiveclarification;本understandthemainideasofTextA,TextBandTextC,andmastertheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsandexpressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevantt

2、othefirsttwotexts;本knowhowtowritealetterofinvitation;knowhowtouseV+V-ing;guessthemeaningofunknownwordsincontext.Teachingfocus:MasterthebasiclanguageandskillsnecessarytomakerequestsExplainsomelanguagepointstotheSs.ExplainsomegrammarpointstotheSs.Teachingdifficulties:HowtoimproveSsspeakingability.Howt

3、oimproveSslisteningability.Reviewthekeyexpressionsfromthepreviouslesson.思考題思考題或作業(yè)Reviewthenewwordsandphrasesofthistext.Trytousethemindailylife.Finishthereadingandlisteningtasksofthisunit.教學內(nèi)容與組織安排1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)2ndperiodTextA(DetailedReading)3rdperiodGrammarReview4thperiodPracticalWrit

4、ing5thperiodTextB6thperiodImproveYourReadingSkills1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)1BackgroundInformationEnglishLanguageTheEnglishlanguageisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.Itisusedaseitheraprimaryorsecondarylanguageinmanycountries.Duringthe1500s,fewerthan2millionpeoplespokeEnglish.Allofthemlivedin

5、whatisnowGreatBritain.Throughthecenturies,astheresultofvarioushistoricalevents,Englishspreadthroughouttheworld.Today,about400millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirnativelanguage.MostofthemliveinAustralia,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,andtheUnitedStates.Another100millionpeoplelivingchi

6、eflyinBangladesh,India,Pakistan,andinmanyAfricancountriesspeakEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguage.Anadditional200millionpeopleprobablyknowatleastsomeEnglish.(Fromthe1998WorldBookMultimediaEncyclopedia)CharacteristicsofEnglishVocabulary.Englishhasalargervocabularythananyotherlanguage.Therearemorethan

7、600,000wordsinthelargestdictionariesoftheEnglishlanguage.SomeEnglishwordshavebeenpassedonfromgenerationtogenerationasfarbackasscholarscantrace.Thesewords,suchaswoman,man,sun,hand,love,go,andeat,expressbasicideasandfeelings.Later,manywordswereborrowedfromotherlanguages,includingArabic,French,German,G

8、reek,Italian,Latin,Russian,andSpanish.Forexample,algebraisfromArabic,fashionfromFrench,pianofromItalian,andcanyonfromSpanish.Anumberofwords,suchasdoghouseandsplashdown,wereformedbycombiningotherwords.Newwordswerealsocreatedbyblendingwords.Forexample,motorandhotelwereblendedintomotel.Wordscanbeshorte

9、nedtoformnewwords,aswasdonewithhistorytoformstory.Wordscalledacronymsareformedbyusingthefirstletterorlettersofseveralwords.Thewordradarisanacronymforradiodetectionandranging.PronunciationandspellinginEnglishsometimesseemillogicalorinconsistent.Manywordsarespelledsimilarlythoughpronounceddifferently.

10、Examplesincludecough,though,andthrough.Otherwords,suchasblue,crew,to,too,andshoe,havesimilarpronunciationsbutarespelleddifferently.ManyofthesevariationsshowchangesthatoccurredduringthedevelopmentofEnglish.Thespellingofsomewordsremainedthesamethroughthecenturies,thoughtheirpronunciationchanged.Gramma

11、risthesetofprinciplesusedtocreatesentences.Theseprinciplesdefinetheelementsusedtoassemblesentencesandtherelationshipsbetweentheelements.Theelementsincludepartsofspeechandinflections.PartsofspeecharethewordcategoriesoftheEnglishlanguage.Scholarsdonotallagreeonhowtodescribethepartsofspeech.Thetraditio

12、naldescriptionlistseightclasses:nouns,pronouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,andinterjections.Themostimportantrelationshipsofthepartsofspeechincludesubjectandverb,verbandpredicate,andmodifierandthewordmodified.EnglishhasfewerinflectionsthanmostotherEuropeanlanguages.AnEnglishnou

13、nhasonlytwoinflections,thepluralandthepossessive.Inflectionsareusedtochangethetenseandnumberofaverborthecaseofapronoun.Inflectionscanchangeadjectivestothecomparativeorthesuperlativeforexample,big,bigger,biggest.AmericanEnglishAmericanEnglishisavarietyoftheEnglishlanguagespokenintheUnitedStates.Altho

14、ughallAmericansdonotspeakthesameway,theirspeechhasenoughincommonthatAmericanEnglishcanberecognizedasavarietyofEnglishdistinctfromBritishEnglish,AustralianEnglish,andothernationalvarieties.AmericanEnglishhasgrownupwiththecountry.ItbegantodivergefromBritishEnglishduringitscolonialbeginningsandacquired

15、regionaldifferencesandethnicflavorduringthesettlementofthecontinent.TodayitinfluencesotherlanguagesandothervarietiesofEnglishbecauseitisthemediumbywhichtheattractionsofAmericancultureitsliterature,motionpictures,andtelevisionprogramsaretransmittedtotheworld.CharacteristicsofAmericanEnglishPronunciat

16、ionInbroadterms,CanadianandAmericanspeakerstendtosoundlikeoneanother.TheyalsotendtosounddifferentfromalargegroupofEnglishspeakerswhosoundmoreBritish,suchasthoseinAustralia,NewZealand,andSouthAfrica.Forexample,mostCanadiansandAmericanspronounceanrsoundafterthevowelinwordslikebarn,car,andfarther,while

17、speakersfromtheBritishEnglishgroupdonot.Also,someBritishEnglishspeakersdrophsoundsatthebeginningofwords,sothatheandhisarepronouncedasiftheywerespelledeeandis.TheEnglishspokeninAustralia,NewZealand,andSouthAfricasoundsmorelikeBritishEnglishthanAmericanEnglishdoesbecausethesevarietieshavehadlesstimeto

18、divergefromBritishEnglish.TheprocessofseparatedevelopmentbeganlaterinthesecountriesthaninNorthAmerica.InsomecasestherearedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishintherhythmofwords.Britishspeakersseemtoleaveoutasyllableinwordslikesecretary,asifitwerespelledsecretry,whileAmericanskeepallthes

19、yllables.Theoppositeistrueofotherwords,suchasspecialty,whichAmericanspronouncewiththreesyllables(spe-cial-ty)whileBritishspeakerspronounceitwithfivesyllables(spe-ci-al-i-ty).Vowelsandconsonantsmayalsohavedifferentpronunciations.BritishspeakerspronouncezebratorhymewithDebra,whileAmericanspeakersmakez

20、ebrarhymewithLibra.CanadianandBritishspeakerspronouncethewordscheduleasifitbeganwithanshsound,whileAmericanspronounceitasifitbeganwithansksound.WordsThemostfrequentlyusedwordsaresharedbyspeakersofdifferentvarietiesofEnglish.Thesewordsincludethemostcommonnouns,themostcommonverbs,andmostfunctionwords(

21、suchaspronouns,articles,andprepositions).ThedifferentvarietiesofEnglishdo,however,usedifferentwordsformanywordsthatareslightlylesscommonforexample,BritishcrispsforAmericanpotatochips,AustralianbillabongforAmericanpond,andCanadianchesterfieldforAmericansofa.Itisevenmorecommonforthesamewordtoexistwith

22、differentmeaningsindifferentvarietiesofEnglish.CornisageneralterminBritain,forwhichAmericansusegrain,whilecorninAmericanEnglishisaspecifickindofgrain.ThewordpondinBritishEnglishusuallyreferstoanartificialbodyofwater,whereaspondsalsooccurnaturallyinNorthAmerica.BritishEnglishchemististhesameasAmerica

23、nEnglishdrugstore,andinCanadapeoplegotothedruggist.ManyofthewordsmosteasilyrecognizedasAmericaninoriginareassociatedwithaspectsofAmericanpopularculture,suchasgangsterorcowboy.SpellingAmericanEnglishspellingdiffersfromBritishEnglishspellinglargelybecauseofoneman,AmericanlexicographerNoahWebster.Inadd

24、itiontohiswell-knownAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1828),WebsterpublishedTheAmericanSpellingBook(1783,withmanysubsequenteditions),whichbecameoneofthemostwidelyusedschoolbooksinAmericanhistory.WebstersbookssoughttostandardizespellingintheUnitedStatesbypromotingtheuseofanAmericanlanguagethat

25、intentionallydifferedfromBritishEnglish.ThedevelopmentofaspecificallyAmericanvarietyofEnglishmirroredthenewcountrysseparatepoliticaldevelopment.Webstersmostsuccessfulchangeswerespellingswithorinsteadofour(honor,laborfortheBritishhonour,labour);witherinsteadofre(center,theaterfortheBritishcentre,thea

26、tre);withansinsteadofac(defense,licensefortheBritishdefence,licence);withafinalckinsteadofque(check,maskfortheBritishcheque,masque);andwithoutafinalk(traffic,public,nowalsousedinBritishEnglish,fortheoldertraffick,publick).Laterspellingreformcreatedafewotherdifferences,suchasprogramforBritishprogramm

27、e.CanadianspellingvariesbetweentheBritishandAmericanforms,moreBritishineasternCanadaandmoreAmericaninwesternCanada.2.GroupDiscussionHaveyoueverhadanexperienceinwhichyouaremisunderstoodorhavefailedtounderstandothers?Misunderstandingscanresultfromthespokenformorwrittenformofthelanguagethatyouuse.2ndpe

28、riodTextA(DetailedReading)WordsandExpressions&DifficultSentencesmisunderstanding:n.(anexampleof)wrongunderstanding誤解，誤會e.g.HerpoorFrenchoftenleadstomisunderstandingswhenshevisitsFrance.misunderstand:vt.understandwrongly誤解e.g.Imsorry,Imisunderstoodyou.ItseemsthatyouhavemisunderstoodwhatIsaidatthemeet

29、ing.geton:board(abus,atrain,etc.)登上(公共汽車、火車等)e.g.WhenIgotonthebus,Ifoundalltheseatswereoccupied.Theyfeltworriedwhentheyrealizedthattheyhadgotonthewrongtrain.headfor:gotowards向走去；朝行進e.g.TheshipwasheadingforBritain.Heheadedforthebusstop.hecouldridetoNewYorkwithoutpaying.介詞without解釋為“不、未”，其后跟動詞時，須用V-in

30、g形式。e.g.Tomwastalkingtohisgirlfriendwithoutlookingather.Heunderstoodthemeaningofthewordwithoutlookingitupinadictionary.Themessagewaspassedfrompersontoperson.這口信通過一個又一個的乘客傳下去。注意本句中from.to.這一結構中的名詞前沒有冠詞。e.g.Shewentfromhousetohouseaskingifanyonehadseenthechild.Theyworkhardfrommorningtonight.bythetime:到

31、時候e.g.Thephonewasringingbutbythetimeshegotindoors,ithadstopped.not.but.:這一結構常常用來連接兩個單詞、詞組或句子，表示“并非而是”的意思。e.g.Theanimalyousawinthisareawasnotarabbit,butawildcat.Theseyoungstersaremotivatednotbyadesireforsuccess,butbyfearoffailure.pullover:driveavehicletotheroadside把車開到路邊e.g.Thepolicemanaskedthedriver

32、topullover.getoff:leave(abus,atrain,aplane,etc.)下(公共汽車、火車、飛機等)e.g.Tomwasseentogetoffthebusneartherailwaystation.WhenIgotoffthetrainatthecityonthecoast,Icouldsmellthesea.SecondPeriodtakeoff:n.thebeginningofflight,whenaplane,spacecraft,etc.risesfromtheground(飛機的)起飛；(航空器的)升空e.g.Theplanecrashedfiveminut

33、esaftertakeoff.Hethoughtheheardhisflightannounced.他以為聽到廣播中宣布了他的航班。句中announced是賓語補足語。uncommon:a.rareorunusual罕見的；不平常的；異乎尋常的e.g.20yearsago,supermarketswereuncommoninCmon/:a.foundorhappeningoftenandinmanyplaces;usua常見的;普通的；通常的JonesisaverycommonnameinBritain.wonder:v.expressawishtoknowsth.,silentlyorinw

34、ords對感到疑惑;想知道e.g.Iwaswonderingifyouarefreeforlunch.Iheworld:usedforemphasisafterwordsthataskquestions,aswho,why,what,etc.用于疑問詞who,why,what等后以加強語氣)究竟，到底e.g.Whatintheworldishedoing?WhereintheworldwereyouwhenIwasinneedofyourhelp?beontime:benotlate準時e.g.TheLondontrainwasontime,butIdidntseemyChinesefrien

35、d.Dontworry,shellbeontime.Youwere15minuteslate.你遲到了15分鐘。英語中表示時間、距離時，常將具體的數(shù)字放在形容詞late,long等前面。e.g.Thebuswastenminutesearly.Thebridgeis140feetlong.Duringthestorm,therewerewavesofupto30metershighoffthecoast.insteadof:inplaceof代替；而不是e.g.CanIhaveteainsteadofcoffee?Letsplaycardsinsteadofwatchingtelevision

36、.Ifyouwanttohaveyourmealatsevenoclockinsteadoffiveoclock,youcan.feellike:havethefeelingofbeing;haveawishfor,want有的感覺；想要e.g.Whenmybestfriendleftmealoneinthestreet,Ifeltlikeahurtanimal.Doyoufeellikeanotherdrink?allright:goodenough,satisfactorybutnotverygood;ingoodhealthorspirits;well令人滿意的；不錯的；健康良好的；健康

37、的e.g.“Whatsthefoodlikeinthisrestaurant?”“Itsallright.”Katelooksreallyunhappy.Youdbettermakesureshesallright.Areyoufeelingallrightnow?3rdperiodGrammarReview動詞的-ing形式動詞的-ing形式由動詞原形+-ing構成。它可以在句中作主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補足語和狀語,但不能單獨構成謂語。1.作主語MakinghistoryinmyfamilyisyetanotherimportantthingIhopetogainfrommycolle

38、geeducation.在我的家庭中創(chuàng)造歷史是我希望從大學教育中得到的又一樣重要的東西。Takingalookbackhasmotivatedmetoreachfarther.回顧過去激勵著我走得更遠。2作動詞、介詞和短語動詞的賓語Hethoughtthatifhehidintherestroom,hecouldridetoNewYorkwithoutpaying.他想如果他躲在洗手間里，便可以不付錢就乘車去紐約。Hetookupsingingrecently.他最近對唱歌發(fā)生了興趣。3.作表語ItisfittingthatJanuary4,Louissbirthday,isconsidere

39、dBrailleDay,inhonoroftheblind.把路易的生日1月4日定為向盲人表示敬意的布拉耶日是非常恰當?shù)?。Myjobistrainingnewworkers.我的工作是培訓新工人。4.作賓語補語Inoticedtheyoungporterofasleepingcarwhisperingtotheconductorandnoddingtowardme.我注意到一個年輕的臥車行李搬運員正在跟列車員竊竊私語，并朝著我點頭。Canyougetthecargoing?你能開動這輛車嗎？5.作定語。動詞-ing形式單Ivetriedeverywaytocomfortthe獨作定語時一般放在

40、被修飾詞之刖，動詞-ing短語作定語一般放在被修飾詞之后cryinggirl.我已經(jīng)想盡了各種辦法來安慰那個哭哭啼啼的女孩。EverydaypeoplespeakingEnglishaskoneanotherquestionslikethese:“Didyousayseventyorseventeen?”每天講英語的人會相互問這樣的問題：“你是說七十還是十七呢？。6.作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、讓步、條件和結果等Sheanswered,wonderingwhatintheworldhemeant.她回答道/卻不明白他的話究竟是什么意思。Thebrotherssateyeingeachother

41、overthetopsofthemoneybags.兩兄弟坐在那兒，目光越過錢袋頂看著對方.4thperiodPracticalWritingLettersofInvitationDoyouhaveanengagement,wedding,orgraduationcomingup?Isthereaperformance,schoolevent,ormeetingtowhichyouwanttoinvitepeople?Doyouwanttoinvitesomeonetospeakatyourmeetingorconference?Whateveryoureventis,thefollowing

42、willhelpyouwriteaneffectiveinvitation.Guidelinesforwritinginvitations:Statetheoccasion,date,time,andplace.Includeaddressesandamapifnecessary.Mentionifrefreshmentswillbeserved.Listanychargesthatmayapply.IncludeatelephonenumberforRSVPs.Ifthereisadresscode,statethepreferreddressinthelowerleft-handcorne

43、rofthecard.Ifyouneedaresponse,includeaself-addressed,stampedreplycardorenvelopewithyourinvitation.Expressthatyouarelookingforwardtoseeingtheperson.Donotuseabbreviationsanddonotusecontractions(dont;well)exceptfornametitles,suchasMr.,Mrs.,etc.Ifdinnerwillbeserved,statetwoseparatetimes:thetimepeoplecan

44、startarrivingandthetimedinnerwillbeserved.Ifyoudonotwantgifts,brieflystatethatgiftsarenotdesiredorneeded.Explainthatyourguestspresenceistheonlygiftyouneed.Makesureyousendoutyourinvitationswithampleadvancenotice.Ifyouhaveguestscomingfromoutoftownorfromothercountries,youmaywanttosendoutyourinvitations

45、everalmonthsinadvance(especiallyifyoureventtakesplacearoundaholiday).Thiswillallowyourguestsadequatetimetomakepreparations,reservations,savemoney,etc.Forsmaller,lessformaleventsthatincludelocalguestsorguestsfromnearbyareas,youmayonlyneedtoprovideafewweeksnotice.Ifyouareinvitingsomeonetospeakataconfe

46、rence,yourinvitationshouldincludethefollowinginformation:Nameoftheconferenceandthesponsoringorganization;Date,time,placeoftheconferenceandspeech;Typeofaudience;Typeofspeech,topic,andhowlongthespeechshouldbe;Anyaccommodationsthatwillbemade,includinglodging,meals,andtransportation;Nameofthecontactpers

47、onalongwithphonenumbersandaddresseswherethatpersoncanbecontacted;andFinally,articulateyourpleasureathavingthepersonspeakatthemeetingorconference.UsefulExpressions:Howtostartyourletter:Youareinvitedtoattendourcompanysannualopenhouse.WeinviteyoutojoinusinthankingDavidShawforhis25yearsofleadership.Itwo

48、uldbeagreatpleasuretomeetyouon(date)at/inthe(place).(company)invitesyoutoanexclusiveshowingofitslatestcomputingandtelecommunicationsproducts.Wouldyoubeinterestedinsharingyourexperiencewiththemembersofourassociationattheirmonthlydinnermeeting?Howtoofferdetailsaboutyourarrangements:Wearegivingaluncheo

49、nat(place)at(time)on(date)tointroduce.ThecompanywillhostacelebrationinhonorofDavidsretirementatLegalTech,onJune27,from4:00to7:00p.m.Refreshmentswillbeservedfromp.m.top.m.Thepresentationwilltakeplaceat(place)at(time)on(date).Howtoendyourletter:Wearesureyouwillfindthepresentationinteresting.Wehopeyouw

50、illbeabletoattend.Wearealllookingforwardtohearingyourviews.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyou.Justcallourofficeat98-8899andwewillbegladtoreserveaplaceforyou.Pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible.DearMr.Smith,WetakegreatpleasureininvitingyoutoattendareceptiongiveninhonorofMr.DavidBrown,ontheoccasionofhisretire

51、mentfromMcMillanInvestmentCompany.ThereceptionwillbeheldattheGrandHall,onWednesday,May12,2004.OurdepartmentwillbepresentingMr.DavidBrownwithagiftatthattime.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyou.Yourssincerely,JenniferLewisYouaregoingtoholdagraduationpartyatyourhouseonSunday,June27.Thepartywillstartafteryou

52、rgraduationceremony,atabout4:00p.m.Writeaninvitationlettertoyourfriends.5thperiodTextBAnswerthefollowingquestions.HowmanygroupsofinterestingEnglishwordshasthewritertalkedaboutinthetext?1.HowmanygroupsofinterestingEnglishwordshasthewritertalkedaboutinthetext?Whatkindofwordsarethosethataretalkedabouti

53、nthefirstgroup?Whatisthemaindifferenceinthepronunciationofthewordsgiveninthesecondgroup?Canyougivesomewordsthatarespelledthesameandpronouncedthesamebuthavedifferentmeanings?Giveatleasttwopairsofsuchwords.Howmanywaysaretheretopronounce“ough”inEnglish?Whatarethey?Whydoesthewritersaythatwordssuchas“egg

54、plant,”“grapefruit,”etc.makenosenseatall?WhatdoesthewriterthinkofthedifferencebetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish?Whoisthenexttolastparagraphspokentoandwhereisitspoken?WhatistheconfusionthattheforeignexchangestudentmayhavewhenhehearsthewordsuponhisarrivalathisnewhomeinNewYorkCity?LanguagePointsm

55、ystery:n.sth.whichcannotbeexplainedorunderstood神秘的事物，不可思議的事物，難以理解的事物，謎e.g.Shebelievesthatlifeisfullofmysteries.Hisfindingswillhelptorevealmanymysteriesofthesea.takealook:看一看e.g.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycar.Canyoutakealookatit?Ihaveaspecialinterestinoldhouses.DoyoumindifItakealookaround?meaning:n.w

56、hatsth.expressesorrepresents意義，意思；含義e.g.ThisexpressionhastwoverydifferentmeaningsinEnglish.stare:v.looksteadilyforalongtimee.g.Dontstareatotherpeople-itisimpolite.Shewasstaringintothefirethinkingaboutherownfuture.object:1.v.beagainstsb.orsth.;feelorshowoppositionordisapproval反對，不贊成e.g.Tomobjectedtot

57、heplanbecausehethoughtitwouldbetooexpensive.Iobjecttohergoingalone.2.n.thingthatcanbeseenorfelt;aim物體，實物；目的，目標e.g.Intheirbeautifulbedroom,thechildrenaresurroundedbyfamiliarobjects.Hemadeithisobjectinlifetobeagooddoctor.estimate1.v.judgeorcalculatethenature,value,size,amount,etc.of(sth.),esp.roughly;

58、formanopinionabout估計；估價；判斷e.g.Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.Weestimatethatover75%ofourcustomersarewomen.2.n.calculationorjudgmentofthenature,value,size,amount,etc.ofsth.估計e.g.Myestimateofhisabilitieswaswrong.dove:1.n.鴿子2.dive的過去式dive:(divedordove)v.jumpheadfirstintowater;gounderthesurface

59、ofwater;godownquickly(頭朝下)跳水；潛水；俯沖e.g.Markdivedoffthebridgeintotheriver.Theplanedivedtowardsthegroundandexplodedimmediately.convict:1.vt.declarethat(sb.)isguiltyofacrimeafteratrialinacourt宣判(某人)有罪e.g.Thetwomenwereconvictedofmurder.Thejudgefoundthattherewasnotenoughevidencetoconvicthim.2.n.personwhoh

60、asbeendeclaredguiltyofacrimeandsenttoprison已決犯；囚犯e.g.Thesearchfortheescapedconvictwentonfordays.getsth.right:dosth.correctly;understandsth.clearly,withouterror做對某事；正確理解某事；把某事弄得正確無誤e.g.Igotmostofthequestionsright.Makesureyougetpeoplesnamesrightwhenyouresendingouttheinvitations.board1.n.alongthinflatp