新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版讀寫教程第四冊(cè)課文原文及翻譯

1、Love and logic: The story of fallacyI had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That yearevery guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldnt stand the idea of being theonly football player who didnt, so he made a pact that hed give me his girl inexchange for my

2、jacket. He wasnt the brightest guy. Polly wasnt too shrewd, either.But she was pretty, well-off, didnt dye her hair strange colors or wear too muchmakeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliantlawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a rad

3、iant,well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.Radiant she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make herwell-spoken.After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on ahill off the expressway. What I had in mind

4、 was a little eccentric. I thought the venuewith a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car,and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. What are wegoing to talk about? she asked.聰明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明?？赡茉诟?jìng)聘中以微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)獲勝。光彩照人，她已經(jīng)是了。而我也能施予她足夠多的智慧之珠，讓她變得

5、談吐優(yōu)雅。我們要談些什么？她問(wèn)道。Logic.The doctrine of logic,” I said, is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distortthe truth, and some of them are well known. First lets look at the fallacy DictoSimpliciter.Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise isgood. Therefore, e

6、verybody should exercise.She nodded in agreement.I could see she was stumped. Polly, I explained, its too simple a generalization. Ifyou have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore,you must say exercise is good for most people.Next is Hasty Generalization. Self-

7、explanatory, right? Listen carefully: You cantspeak French. Rob cant speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speakFrench.This is also a fallacy, I said. The generalization is reached too hastily. Too fewinstances support such a conclusion.She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say

8、 my plan was underway. I took herhome and set a date for another conversation.Seated under the oak the next evening I said, Our first fallacy tonight is called AdMisericordiam.She nodded with delight.Listen closely, I said. A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what hisqualifications are,

9、he says he has six children to feed.Oh, this is awful, awful, she whispered in a choked voice.Yes, its awful, I agreed, but its no argument. The man never answered the bosss好酷啊，她一邊嚼著口香糖一邊說(shuō)。邏輯學(xué)的原理，我說(shuō)道，即清晰思考的主要原則。邏輯上出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題會(huì)歪曲事實(shí)，其中有些還很普遍。我們先來(lái)看看一種叫做絕對(duì)判斷的邏輯謬誤?！焙冒?，她表示同意。絕對(duì)判斷是指在證據(jù)不足的情況下所作出的推斷。比方說(shuō)：運(yùn)動(dòng)是有益的，她點(diǎn)頭

10、表示贊同。我看得出她沒(méi)弄明白。波莉，我解釋說(shuō)，“這個(gè)推斷太過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單化了。如果你有動(dòng)對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)是有益的?！苯酉聛?lái)是草率結(jié)論。這似乎不言自明，對(duì)吧？仔細(xì)聽(tīng)好了：你不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，羅伯也不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，那么這所學(xué)校里好像是沒(méi)有人會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)?！笔菃?？波莉吃驚地說(shuō)。沒(méi)有人嗎？”這也是一種邏輯謬誤，我說(shuō)，這一結(jié)論太草率了，因?yàn)槟軌蛑С诌@一結(jié)論的例證太少了?！奔?，并且定下了下一次約會(huì)交談的日子。今天晚上我們要談的第一個(gè)邏輯謬誤叫文不對(duì)題?！彼吲d地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。聽(tīng)好了，我說(shuō)，有個(gè)人去申請(qǐng)工作，當(dāng)老板問(wèn)他有什么應(yīng)聘資格時(shí)，他說(shuō)他有六個(gè)孩子要撫養(yǎng)?！蓖?，這太可怕了，太可怕了，她哽咽著輕聲說(shuō)到。對(duì)，是挺可怕的，我表示贊同地說(shuō)

11、，但這不是理由。這個(gè)人根本沒(méi)有回答老板的問(wèn)題，而只是在博取老板的同情，這就是文不對(duì)題?！盨he blinked, still trying hard to keep back her tears.Next, I said carefully, we will discuss False Analogy. An example, students shouldbe allowed to look at their textbooks during exams, because surgeons have X-rays toguide them during surgery.Polly, I gr

12、oaned, dont derail the discussion. The inference is wrong. Doctors arenttaking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations arealtogether different. You cant make an analogy between them.I still think its a good idea, said Polly.With five nights of diligent work, I actu

13、ally made a logician out of Polly. She was ananalytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of our relationshipfrom academic to romantic.Polly, I said when next we sat under our oak, tonight we wont discuss fallacies.Oh? she said, a little disappointed.Favoring her with a grin, I s

14、aid, We have now spent five evenings together. We getalong pretty well. We make a pretty good couple.Hasty Generalization, said Polly brightly. Or as a normal person might say, thats alittle premature, dont you think?I laughed with amusement. Shed learned herlessons well, far surpassing my expectati

15、ons. Sweetheart, I said, patting her hand ina tolerant manner, five dates is plenty. After all, you dont have to eat a whole cake toknow its good.接下來(lái)，我小心地說(shuō)，我們來(lái)討論錯(cuò)誤類比。舉個(gè)例子：學(xué)生考試時(shí)應(yīng)該允許看課本，因?yàn)橥饪漆t(yī)生在做手術(shù)時(shí)可以看 X 光片?！蔽蚁矚g這個(gè)主意，她說(shuō)。波莉，我抱怨道，“別打岔，這一推論是錯(cuò)誤的。醫(yī)生們不是在參加考試以檢”我仍然認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)好主意，波莉說(shuō)。夠分析思考了?，F(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是時(shí)候讓我們的關(guān)系從學(xué)術(shù)向浪漫發(fā)展了。波莉

16、，當(dāng)我們又一次坐在那棵橡樹(shù)下的時(shí)候我對(duì)她說(shuō)，今晚我們不討論邏輯謬誤了?！蔽屹澰S地對(duì)她笑了笑，說(shuō)：我們?cè)谝黄鹨呀?jīng)度過(guò)了五個(gè)晚上，相互之間挺合得來(lái)，我們是蠻相配的一對(duì)?！辈萋式Y(jié)論，波莉伶俐地說(shuō)，或者是按一般人的說(shuō)法，這個(gè)結(jié)論有些不成熟，你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎？我被逗得笑了起來(lái)，她功課還真學(xué)得不錯(cuò)，大大超過(guò)了我的預(yù)期。五次約會(huì)已經(jīng)夠多了，畢竟你不需要吃掉整個(gè)蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃?！盕alse Analogy, said Polly promptly.Your premise is that dating is like eating. But youre not a cake. Youre a boy.I

17、 laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that shed learned herlessons too well.A few more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flatteryinstead.Polly, I love you. Please say youll go out with me. Im nothing without you.Ad Misericordiam, she said.You certainl

18、y can discern a fallacy when you see it, I said, my hopes starting tocrumble.But dont take them so literally. I mean this is all academic. You know the things youlearn in school dont have anything to do with real life.Dicto Simpliciter, she said. Besides, you really should practice what you preach.I

19、 leaped to my feet, my temper flaring up. Will you or will you not go out with me?No to your proposition, she replied.Why? I demanded.Im more interested in a different petitioner - Rob and I are backtogether.With great effort, I said calmly, How could you give me the axe over Rob?Look at me, an inge

20、nious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assuredfuture.錯(cuò)誤類比，波莉立即回應(yīng)。你的前提是約會(huì)就如同吃東西?？赡悴皇堑案?，你是個(gè)男孩?！蔽矣中α诵?，不過(guò)不覺(jué)得那么有趣了，同時(shí)還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。再錯(cuò)幾步我可就無(wú)法挽回了。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法。波莉，我愛(ài)你。請(qǐng)答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒(méi)有你我什么也不是?！蔽牟粚?duì)題，她說(shuō)。你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時(shí)一一辨別它們了，搖。不過(guò)不要對(duì)它們太死板，我是說(shuō)這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實(shí)際生活根本沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系?！苯^對(duì)判斷，她說(shuō)道，而且，你自

21、己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行?！蔽乙幌绿似饋?lái)，怒火中燒，你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”我不愿意，她答道。為什么？我追問(wèn)道。我對(duì)另一位求愛(ài)者更感興趣”我極力地保持著平靜，說(shuō)道：你怎么會(huì)甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個(gè)聰明過(guò)人的學(xué)生，一個(gè)不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個(gè)前途無(wú)量的人。32 你的前提是約會(huì)就如同吃東西?？赡悴皇堑案?，你是個(gè)男孩?！?3 我又笑了笑，不過(guò)不覺(jué)得那么有趣了，同時(shí)還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。 再錯(cuò)幾步我可就無(wú)法挽回了。 法。 34 波莉，我愛(ài)你。請(qǐng)答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒(méi)有你我什么也不是?！?5 文不對(duì)題，她說(shuō)。36 你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時(shí)一一辨別它們了，” 經(jīng)開(kāi)始動(dòng)搖。 不過(guò)不要對(duì)

22、它們太死板，我是說(shuō)這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實(shí)際生活根本沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系?！?7 ” 38我一下跳了起來(lái)，怒火中燒，你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”42 我極力地保持著平靜，說(shuō)道：你怎么會(huì)甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個(gè)聰明過(guò)人的學(xué)生，一個(gè)不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個(gè)前途無(wú)量的人。再看看羅伯，一為什么要選擇跟他？”43 ”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，事情的真相是我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”給我一個(gè)充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”43 ”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，事情的真相是我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”U

23、nit 2The confusing pursuit of beautyIf youre a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks.You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to form anhonest yet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yourself for some kind ofemergency. Trust me, this is the easiest

24、 way out. No amount of rehearsal will help youcome up with the right answer.The problem is that men do not think of their looks in the same way women do. Mostmen form an opinion of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest of theirlives. Some men think theyre irresistibly desirable, a

25、nd they refuse to change thisopinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks. If the transient thought passesthrough their minds at all, they like to think of themselves as average-looking. Beingaverage doesnt bothe

26、r them; average is fine. They dont affix much value to theirlooks, or think of them in terms of aesthetics. Their primary form of beauty care is toshave themselves, which is essentially the same care they give to their lawns. If, at theend of his four-minute allotment of time for grooming, a man has

27、 managed to wipemost of the shaving cream out of the strands of his hair and isnt bleeding too badly,he feels hes done all he can.Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to guess what most women thinkabout their appearance, it would be: Not good enough. No matter how attractive awoman may

28、 be, her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry. She hastrouble thinking Im beautiful, She magnifies the smallest imperfections in her bodyand imagines them as glaring flaws the whole world will notice and ridicule.令人困惑的對(duì)美的追求如果你是一位男士，肯定在某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)有女士問(wèn)你她看起來(lái)怎么樣?；卮?，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。相信我，這是最簡(jiǎn)單的方法

29、。對(duì)于她的這一問(wèn)題，無(wú)論你事先練習(xí)多少次，都不會(huì)找到正確答案。男性來(lái)說(shuō)，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結(jié)束之后再把粘到頭發(fā)上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒(méi)有出血太厲害，他就覺(jué)得自己已經(jīng)盡心盡力了。價(jià)的話，那肯定是：“一位女士，無(wú)論她看起來(lái)多么吸引人，她對(duì)自我很漂亮是一件難事。她把身體上的極小的不完美之處加以放大，并且幻想這些缺點(diǎn)十分明顯，以至于全世界的人都會(huì)注意到并且嘲笑她。Why do women consider their looks so deficient? This chronic insecurity isnt inborn,but created through the interaction

30、of many complex psychological and societalfactors, beginning with the dolls we give them as children. Girls grow up playing withdolls proportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall andweigh 61 pounds, with tiny thighs and a large upper body. This is an absurd standardto live

31、 up to, especially when you consider the size of the dolls waist, a relativemeasurement physically impossible for a living human to achieve. Contrast thisabsurd standard with that presented to little boys with their action figures. Most ofthe toys that young boys have played with were weird-looking,

32、 like the one calledBuzz-Off that was part human, part flying insect. This guy was not a looker, but hewas still extremely self-confident. You could not imagine him saying to the others, Isthis accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit?But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barb

33、ie dolls or girls on magazinecovers, which for most women is impossible. Nonetheless, the multibillion-dollarbeauty industry, complete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted toconstant warfare on female self-esteem, convincing women that they must buy all thenewest moisturizing creams,

34、bronzing powders and appliances that promise tostimulate and restore their skin. I once saw an Oprah Show in which supermodelCindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studio audience. Cindy had all thesemiddle-aged women apply clay masks and other wrinkle-removing products to theirfaces; she stres

35、sed how important it was to adhere to the guidelines, like applyingproducts via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity. All the women dutifully didthis, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matter how carefullythey applied these products, they would never have Cindy

36、Crawfords face orcomplexion.為什么女性會(huì)把自己的外貌想得這么差呢？這種長(zhǎng)期的不安全感并不是與生倶原為真人大小的話，就會(huì)是 7 英尺高，61 英磅重，大腿纖細(xì)，上身豐滿。要達(dá)相對(duì)尺寸對(duì)任何一個(gè)活人來(lái)說(shuō)都是不可企及的。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相動(dòng)作玩偶蜜蜂俠的玩偶，一半像人，一半像會(huì)飛的昆蟲。這個(gè)玩偶盡管樣子不好看，但仍然非常自信。你肯定無(wú)法想象他會(huì)問(wèn)別人說(shuō)：這個(gè)配飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？”然而，女性在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中卻認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該長(zhǎng)得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對(duì)大多數(shù)女性來(lái)說(shuō)是不可能的。盡管如此，產(chǎn)值達(dá)幾十億美元的美容業(yè)，己只有購(gòu)買最新的保濕面霜、古銅散粉，

37、以及各種美容器具，才能激發(fā)和恢復(fù)”肌膚活力。我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)一期奧普拉脫口秀，在節(jié)目中，超級(jí)名模辛迪克勞這些產(chǎn)品，她們都不可能擁有辛迪那樣的面容或膚色。Im not saying that men are superior. Im just saying that youre not going to get agroup of middle-aged men to plaster cosmetics to themselves under the instruction ofBrad Pitt in hopes of looking more like him. Men dont face the

38、 same societal focuspurely on physical beauty, and theyre encouraged to reach out to other characteristicsto promote their self-esteem. They might say to Brad: Oh yeah? Well, what do youknow about lawn care, pretty boy?Of course women argue that they become obsessed with appearance as a reaction top

39、ressure from men. The truth is that most men think beauty is more than just lipstickand perfume and take no notice of these extra details. I have never once, in more than40 years of listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, She had gorgeousfingernails! To most men, little things like finge

40、rnails are all homogeneous anyway,and one womans flawless pink polish is exactly as invisible as anothers bare nails.By participating in this system of extreme conformity, women are actually openingthemselves up to the scrutiny of other women, the only ones qualified to judge theirefforts. What is t

41、he real benefit of working this hard to appease men who dont noticewhen it only exposes women to prosecution from other women?Anyway, to get back to my original point: If youre a man, and a woman asks you howshe looks, you cant say she looks bad without receiving immediate and well-deservedoutrage.

42、But you also cant shower her with empty compliments about how her shoescomplement her dress nicely because shell know youre lying. She has spent countlesshours worrying about the differences between her looks and Cindy Crawfords.Also,she suspects that youre not qualified to voice a subjective opinio

43、n on anybodysappearance. This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside thefolds of your ears.我并不是說(shuō)男性優(yōu)于女性。我的意思是你不可能讓一群中年男子在布拉德皮特的指導(dǎo)下把化妝品敷到自己臉上，期望自己能看起來(lái)更像布拉德。與女性不同，自尊。他們也許會(huì)對(duì)布拉德說(shuō)：”當(dāng)然，女性會(huì)爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)她們對(duì)外表的熱衷追求是出于對(duì)來(lái)自男性的壓力的一種反她的指甲真漂亮??！”對(duì)大多數(shù)男性來(lái)說(shuō)，像指甲這樣小光光的毫無(wú)修飾，男性都一概視而不見(jiàn)。呢？不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當(dāng)有女士

44、問(wèn)你她看起來(lái)怎么樣時(shí)，你知道你是在說(shuō)謊。她已經(jīng)花費(fèi)了無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)發(fā)愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪克勞馥格對(duì)任何人的外表給出主觀評(píng)價(jià)。Unit 3Every night several hundred planes bearing a purple, white, and orange design touch down at Memphis Airport, in Tennessee. What precedes this landing are package pickups from locations all over the United States earlier in the day. C

45、rews unload the planes cargo of more than half a million parcels and letters. The rectangular packages and envelopes are rapidly reshuffled and sorted according to address, then loaded onto other aircraft, and flown to their destinations to be dispersed by hand - many within 24 hours of leaving thei

46、r senders. This is the culmination of a dream of Frederick W. Smith,the founder, president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board of the FedEx Corp. - known originally as Federal Express - the largest and most successful overnight delivery service in the world. Conceived when he was in

47、college and now in its 28th year of operation, Smiths exquisite brainchild has become the standard for door-to-door package delivery.Recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality, Smith is held in high regard by his competitors as well as his employees and stock

48、holders. Fred Smith was just 27 when he founded FedEx. Now, so many years later, hesstill the captain of the ship. He attributes the success the company simply to leadership, something he deduced from his years in the military, and from his family.Frederick Wallace Smith was born into a wealthy fami

49、ly clan on August 11, 1944 inMississippi. His father died when he was just four years old. As a juvenile, Smith wasan invalid, suffering from a disease that left him unable to walk normally. He was picked on by bullies, and he learned to defend himself by swinging at them with his alloywalking stick

50、. Cured of the disease by the age of 10, he became a star athlete in highschool, playing football, basketball, and baseball.弗雷德史密斯與聯(lián)邦快遞：一個(gè)改變了世界的創(chuàng)想每天夜晚，在田納西州的孟菲斯機(jī)場(chǎng)，都有幾百架帶著白、紫、桔色圖案的飛機(jī)再由人工投遞到這時(shí)很多郵件離開(kāi)寄件人之手還不到 24 小時(shí)。這是弗雷德里克W史密斯的終極夢(mèng)想，他就是聯(lián)邦快遞集團(tuán)（最初為聯(lián)邦快遞）這一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送達(dá)服務(wù)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人、總裁、首席執(zhí)行官及董事會(huì)主席。如今，史密斯這一源于大學(xué)時(shí)代的

51、妙想已在現(xiàn)實(shí)中經(jīng)營(yíng)到了第 28 個(gè)年頭，并已成為包裹快遞入戶行業(yè)的標(biāo)桿。史密斯被公認(rèn)為是一位和藹可親、性格迷人的杰出企業(yè)家。無(wú)論是他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者、員工，還是他公司股票的持有人，都對(duì)他十分敬重。弗雷德史密斯創(chuàng)建聯(lián)邦快遞時(shí)只有 27 歲?，F(xiàn)在多年過(guò)去了，他仍然坐在掌門人的位置上。他將公司的成功簡(jiǎn)單地歸因于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，而這一推論則來(lái)自于他的軍旅生涯及其家庭的影響。弗雷德里克華萊士史密斯 1944 年 8 月 11 日出生于密西西比州一個(gè)富裕的家族。他四歲時(shí)父親就離世了。史密斯年少時(shí)被視為病殘者，因?yàn)樗昧艘环N病，保護(hù)自己。十歲時(shí)他的病治好了，到了高中他則成了學(xué)校里的體育明星，足球、籃球、棒球樣樣能行。Smi

52、ths passion was flying. At 15, he was operating a crop-duster over the skyline ofthe Mississippi Delta, a terrain so flat that there was little need for radar navigation.As a student at Yale University, he helped revive the Yale flying club; its alumni hadpopulated naval aviation history, including

53、the famous Millionaires Unit in WorldWar I. Smith administrated the clubs business end and ran a small charter operationin New Haven.With his study time disrupted by flying, his academic performance suffered, butSmith never stopped looking for his own big idea. He thought he had found it whenhe wrot

54、e a term paper for an economics class. He drafted a prototype for atransportation company that would guarantee overnight delivery of small,time-sensitive goods, such as replacement parts and medical supplies, to major USregions. The professor wasnt impressed and told Smith he couldnt quantify the id

55、eaand clearly it wasnt feasible.However, Smith was certain he was onto something, even though several more yearselapsed before he could turn his idea into reality. In the interim, he graduated fromYale in 1966, just as Americas involvement in the Vietnam War was deepening.Since he was a patriot and

56、had attended officers training classes, he joined theMarines.Smith completed two tours in Vietnam, eventually flying more than 200 missions. Inthe military, leadership means getting a group of people to subordinate theirindividual desires and ambitions for the achievement of organizational goals, Sm

57、ithsays, fusing together his military and business experiences. And good leadership hasvery measurable effects on a companys bottom line.Home from Vietnam, Smith became fascinated by the notion that if you connected allthe points of a network through an intermediary hub, the streamlined efficient co

58、uldbe enormous compared to other disjointed, decentralized businesses, whether thesystem involved moving packages and letters or people and planes. He decided to takea stab at starting his own business. With an investment from his fathers company, aswell as a chunk of his own inheritance, Smith boug

59、ht his first delivery planes and in1971 formed the Federal Express.史密斯對(duì)飛行充滿了激情。15 歲時(shí)，他就曾駕駛一架作物噴粉飛機(jī)在密西西比責(zé)管理俱樂(lè)部的事務(wù)，同時(shí)還在紐黑文經(jīng)營(yíng)一項(xiàng)小規(guī)模的租賃業(yè)務(wù)。 1966 了美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力對(duì)控制一個(gè)公司的盈虧底線來(lái)說(shuō)具有相當(dāng)重要的作用?！彼约豪^承財(cái)產(chǎn)的一部分購(gòu)買了第一架快遞飛機(jī)，并于 1971 年創(chuàng)建了聯(lián)邦快遞。The early days were underscored by extreme frugality and financial losses. It was not

60、uncommon for FedEx drivers to pay for gasoline for their vans out of their ownpockets. But despite such problems, Smith showed concern for the welfare of hisemployees. Just as he recalled, even when they didnt have the money, even whenthere werent couches in the office and electric typewriters, they