醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05-description-of-categorical-data課件

1、Chapter 5Description of categorical data醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data1Chapter 5Description of cateContentRate、proportion and ratio Application of relative numbers Standardization of rate Dynamic series and analysis index 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data2ContentRate、proportio

2、n and ratSection 1 Relative Numbers1、Rate2、Proportion3、Ratio醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data3Section 1 Relative Numbers醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計1、RateRate：To describe the frequency or intension of some phenomenon. =Number of individual occurred some thing within a period of time RateThe whole number of likely

3、 to occurred some thing in the same period醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data41、RateRate：To describe the fExample1 To investigate 8589 old people in some city in 1998, and 2823 people had hypertension. Morbidity rate：2823 / 8589 100% = 32.87% 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data5Examp

4、le1 To investigate 8589 2、ProportionProportion: To describe the ratio of number of one part and the whole number in the same thing. Formula:100%=Number of individuals in one partProportionThe whole number of individuals醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data62、Proportion100%=Number of indExample

5、2 Calculate the patients proportion of 5 diseases in one hospital in 1990 and 1998. 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data7Example2 Calculate the patientExample2 Calculate the patients proportions of 5 diseases in one hospital in 1990 and 1998.醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data8Example

6、2 Calculate the patientCharacteristics:（1）Summation of proportions in one thing is 100%. （2）Proportions in the same thing are interactional.醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data9Characteristics:醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 de3、RatioRatio: the quotient of two related indexsFormula: 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of ca

7、tegorical data103、RatioRatio: the quotient of (100%)A indexRatio=B index醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data11(100%)A indexRatio=B index醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計Example3 There are 370 male newborns and 358 female newborns in a hospital in one year, then The sex ratio of newborn babies: 370/358100 = 103醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05

8、 description of categorical data12Example3 There are 370 male nSection 2 Application of relative numbers 1、The denominator of relative number should not be too small. 2、Proportion should not substitute rate. 3、To calculate the total rate correctly. 4、Comparison of relative numbers 5、 Comparison of s

9、ample rate（proportion）should do hypothesis test. 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data13Section 2 Application of relatSection 3 Standardization of rate 1、DefinitionTo calculate standard rate by uniform interior constitute. Standardization (or adjustment) of rates is used to enable the valid co

10、mparison of groups that differ regarding an important health determinant (most commonly age). It is in fact a specific application of the general methods to control for confounding factors. 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data14Section 3 Standardization of r2、CalculationMethod Direct standard

11、ization Indirect standardization 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data152、Calculation醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 descrApproach1.Choose the correct method by condition of data.2.Choose standard composing.3.Calculate standard rate.醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data16Approach醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 descriptioFormul

12、a Direct standardization 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data17Formula Indirect standardization醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data18Indirect standardization醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英Example4 To calculate standard cure rate of two therapeutics.醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data19Example4 To calcu

13、late standardApproach:1）Disease cure rate of two therapeutics is known- Direct standardization2)Choose total patients number of two therapeutics as standard. 3） Calculate anticipated cure number.4）Calculate standard cure rate. 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data20Approach:醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 descrip

14、ti醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data21醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of cat 380100%47.5%800=Standard cure rate of A427100%53.4%800=Standard cure rate of B 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data22380100%47.5%800=Standard cureExample 5 A research investigated old women, 776 in the city and 789

15、in Countryside. Among them, 322 and 335 suffered from primary osteoporosis. The total morbidity rates are 41.5 and 42.5 respectively. Because the proportions of age in urban and rural areas of this investigation forms are different, so we need to standardize the two morbidity rate. 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 descr

16、iption of categorical data23Example 5 A research investiga醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data24醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of cat醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data25醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of cat3221.05305SMR=Urban standard morbidity ratio42.1% 1.05=44.2%=Urban standard morbidity rate33

17、50.95353SMR=Rural standard morbidity ratio42.1% 0.95=40.0%=Rural standard morbidity rateAfter standardization, urban morbidity rate is higher than rural. 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data263221.05305SMR=Urban standard m3、Application1.The Standardization only adapt to that interior forms ar

18、e different in two groups, and may influence the comparison of rate. 2.Because of different chosen standard population, standardized rates are different too. So, while comparing several standardized rates , should adopt the same standard population . 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data273、Ap

19、plication醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 descr3. Standardized rate is no longer the local real level at that time, it only shows the relative level among the comparing materials. 4. The standardized rates of two samples are sample values, the sampling error exists. When comparing the standardized rates of two samples,

20、we should do hypothesis test if the sample size is small. 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data283. Standardized rate is no lonSection 4 Dynamic series and analysis index Dynamic series：A series of statistical index arranged in the order of time . To observe and compare changes and development

21、 trends in time series. The index is as follows, absolutely increasing amount , development speed and growth rate , average development speed and average growth speed.醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data29Section 4 Dynamic series andTwo important elements：time：Statistic index： base line repor

22、ted time the end醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data30Two important elements：醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文Example 6 Table 6 shows the statistic data of outpatients amount in one hospital from 1991 to 1999.To analyse by dynamic series.醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data31Example 6 Table 6 shows the sTable 6 Dynamic changes of outpatients amount 醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)英文CH05 description of categorical data32Table 6 Dynamic changes of o1、 Absolutely increasing amount the increasing amount totally the increasing amoun